Naming Inorganic Naming Inorganic CompoundsCompounds

AP Chemistry AP Chemistry

We will focus on:We will focus on:

IonsIons– CationsCations

Single and polyatomicSingle and polyatomic

– AnionsAnions– SingleSingle– PolyatomicPolyatomic– OxyanionsOxyanions– Anions derived by adding HAnions derived by adding H++

CationsCations

Cations are the + Cations are the + We name monoatomic ions as We name monoatomic ions as

follows:follows:– Keep name and add the word -ionKeep name and add the word -ion– Two systemsTwo systems

Fe2+ iron (II) ionFe3+ iron (III) ion

Also called Fe2+ ferrous ionFe3+ ferric ion

Cu+ copper (I) ionCu2+ copper (II) ion

Also called Cu+ cuprous ionCu2+ cupric ion

Polyatomic cationsPolyatomic cations

Ammonium ionAmmonium ion

Hydronium ionHydronium ion

AnionsAnions

Anions are –Anions are – Name as follows:Name as follows:

– chop off ending and add chop off ending and add –ide–ide– For example:For example:

Hydride ionHydride ionOxide ionOxide ionNitride ionNitride ionSome polyatomics:Some polyatomics:

OHOH-- CN-CN- OO222-2-

Polyatomic anions containing Polyatomic anions containing oxygenoxygen

These are called oxyanionsThese are called oxyanions– They are named by # of oxygen atomsThey are named by # of oxygen atoms– For example:For example:

NO3- nitrate

NO2- nitrite

SO42- Sulfate

SO32- Sulfite

-ate ending goes to the ion is series with more oxygen

-ite goes to the lower ion in series

Prefixes used when there is up to 4 in Prefixes used when there is up to 4 in seriesseries

For example:For example: ClOClO44

-- perchlorate ionperchlorate ion

ClOClO33-- chlorate ionchlorate ion

ClOClO22-- chlorite ionchlorite ion

ClOClO-- hypochlorite ionhypochlorite ion

Polyatomic anions containing Polyatomic anions containing oxygen oxygen cont..cont..

Anions w/ HAnions w/ H++

Carbonate ionCarbonate ion hydrogen carbonatehydrogen carbonate

Phosphate ionPhosphate ion dihydrogen dihydrogen phosphatephosphate

CO32- HCO3

-

PO33- H2CO3

-

Older method added mono and bi..such as sodium bicarbonate

NaHCO3

Ionic CompoundsIonic Compounds

Just put them together!Just put them together! Cation + Anion equals nameCation + Anion equals name For example:For example:

– Barium bromideBarium bromide– Aluminum nitrateAluminum nitrate– Copper (II) perchlorateCopper (II) perchlorate– Sodium permanganateSodium permanganate

Name / write formulas for the Name / write formulas for the followingfollowing

Sodium nitriteSodium nitrite Hydrogen peroxideHydrogen peroxide KK22CrCr22OO77

Calcium hypochloriteCalcium hypochlorite Strontium SulfiteStrontium Sulfite

Names of acidsNames of acids

Two ways of naming:Two ways of naming:– Acids based on anions that end in Acids based on anions that end in –ide–ide

– Acids based on anions that end in Acids based on anions that end in –ate–ate or or -ite-ite

Cl- Chloride ion HCl hydrochloric acid

S2- sulfide ion H2S hydrosulfuric acid

ClOClO44-- perchlorate ionperchlorate ion HClOHClO44 perchloric acidperchloric acid

ClOClO33-- chlorate ionchlorate ion HClOHClO33 chloric acidchloric acid

ClOClO22-- chlorite ionchlorite ion HClOHClO22 chlorous acidchlorous acid

ClOClO-- hypochlorite ionhypochlorite ion HClOHClO hypochlorous acidhypochlorous acid

Naming Compounds Flashcard Naming Compounds Flashcard ActivityActivity

Write the following cations and Write the following cations and anions on flashcards and practice anions on flashcards and practice combining then together to make combining then together to make compoundscompounds

Monoatomin CationsMonoatomin Cations

Polyatomic AnionsPolyatomic Anions Write the polyatomic ions on index cards Write the polyatomic ions on index cards

and the name on the reverse sideand the name on the reverse side

Name the followingName the following

– CC22HH330022--

– COCO332-2-

– SOSO442-2-

– ClOClO33--

– ClOClO22--

– ClOClO--

Write formulas for the followingWrite formulas for the following

– nitratenitrate

– nitritenitrite

– perchlorate perchlorate

– phosphatephosphate

• Sulfide • Fluorine • Bromide • Iodide • Chloride

Acids Acids Make an HMake an H++ card card Use the following to make acidsUse the following to make acids

– acetate, Cacetate, C22HH330022--

– carbonate, COcarbonate, CO332-2-

– sulfate, SOsulfate, SO442-2-

– chlorate, ClOchlorate, ClO33--

– chlorite, ClOchlorite, ClO22--

– hypochlorite, ClOhypochlorite, ClO--

– nitrate, NOnitrate, NO33--

– nitrite, NOnitrite, NO22--

– perchlorate, ClOperchlorate, ClO44--

– phosphate, POphosphate, PO443-3-

Sulfide S2-

Fluorine F-

Bromide Br-

Iodide I- Chloride Cl-

Name these acidsName these acids

HCNHCN HNOHNO33

HH22SOSO44

HH22SOSO33

Hydrobromic AcidHydrobromic AcidHBrHBr Hydrocarbonic AcidHydrocarbonic Acid HH22COCO33

Hydrocyanic acid

Nitric acid

Sulfuric acid

Sulfurous acid

Covalent compoundsCovalent compounds

Nonmetal + nonmetalNonmetal + nonmetal Sharing of electrons!Sharing of electrons! Element w/ lower electronegativity is Element w/ lower electronegativity is

firstfirst

One – mono six - hexaTwo – di seven - heptaThree – tri eight - octaFour – tetra nine - nonaFive – penta ten - deca

Covalent CompoundsCovalent Compounds

Name the followingName the following– NN22OO55

– CClCCl44

– SS33NN22