naming and writing formulas for compounds
DESCRIPTION
Naming and Writing Formulas for Compounds. Two Systems Stock (Roman numerals) Old. Ionic Compounds. Binary Compounds Write the name of the positive ion 1 st Check to see if it has more than one oxidation #-if it does determine the charge and use a Roman numeral to designate the charge - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Naming and WritingFormulas
for Compounds
Ionic Compounds
• Two Systems
1.Stock (Roman numerals)
2.Old
Stock System• Binary Compounds1. Write the name of
the positive ion 1st
2. Check to see if it has more than one oxidation #-if it does determine the charge and use a Roman numeral to designate the charge
3. Write the root name of the negative ion-add the ending -ide
• Compounds with Polyatomic ions
1. Same steps as binary for positive ion
2. For negative ion, just write the name of the polyatomic
DO NOT ADD THE ENDING -IDE
Determining Charge for Ions w/ Varible Oxidation #’s
• Ions w/ more than one oxidation #
1. Hg2. Cu3. Pb4. Sn5. Cr6. Fe
• Assign an oxidation # to the negative ion
Ex. Hg Cl-1
Multiply the oxidation # by the subscriptEx. Hg Cl-1 1
Since the compound is neutral the overall charge must = 0
Ex. Hg+1 Cl-1 = 0 1 1
+1-1 = 0
Remember…. Roman numerals are only used for those ions with more than
one charge!!!!!!!!
1. Sodium Chloride
2. Strontium chloride
3. Sodium hydroxide
4. Copper (II) chloride
5. Lead (IV) oxide
6. Copper (I) hydroxide
7. Mercury (II) bromide
8. Aluminum oxide
9. Strontium oxide
10. Mercury (II) oxide
1. NaCl2. SrCl23. NaOH4. CuCl25. PbO2
6. CuOH7. HgBr2
8. Al2O3
9. SrO10.HgO
Old System
1. Write the name of the positive ion 1st-check to see if the ion has more than one oxidation #-if it does, determine the charge and add one of the following endings
a) –ous for lowerb) -ic for higher
Remember…-ous is less-ic is more
2. Write the root of the negative ion
3. Add –ide if it is an element
4. Write the name of the ion if it is a polyatomic
Old System Names
• Cu +1cuprous
• Hg+1 mercurous
• Fe+2 ferrous
• Pb+2 plumbous
• Sn+2 stannous
• Cu+2 cupric
• Hg+2 mercuric
• Fe+3 ferric
• Pb+4 plumbic
• Sn+4 stannic
1. Hg(OH)2
2. SnCl23. PbO
4. CuCl
5. FeO
6. Fe2O3
7. HgOH
1. Mercuric hydroxide
2. Stannous chloride
3. Plumbous oxide
4. Cuprous chloride
5. Ferrous oxide
6. Ferric oxide
7. Mercurous hydroxide
1. Write the symbols for the ions side by side, with the positive ion 1st
2. Cross over charges diagonally to give subscripts
(Subscripts tell how many of each element are in the compound).
3. Check the subscripts to make sure the compound is neutral.
4. Do not write subscripts that are 1 (they are understood)
5. Do not write subscripts that are the same #6. If the subscripts are divisible by the same #,
reduce them to give the simplest ratio7. If the compound contains a polyatomic ion that
will have a subscript from crossing over, you must PUT PARENTHESIS AROUND IT!!!!
Examples
Write the formula for:
Strontium Chloride
1. Sr+2 Cl -1
2. SrCl2
**subscripts that are 1
are not written
• Write the formula for:
Magnesium Oxide
1. Mg +2 O-2
2. MgO
** subscripts that are the same # are not written
More Examples• Write the formula for:
Lead (IV) oxide** remember, the Roman numeral
tells you the oxidation #
Pb+4 O-2
Pb2O4 (these can be reduced)
PbO2
• Write the formula for:
Stannic sulfate
Sn +4 SO4-2
(the –ic ending tells you that it is tin’s higher charge)
Sn(SO4)2
** the subscripts can be reduced and sulfate must have parenthesis because it is a polyatomic ion and it has a subscript that will be written
Write the formulas for:
• Lithium bromide• Strontium sulfide• Aluminum oxide• Mercury (II) hydroxide• Plumbic carbonate• Ferrous oxide• Ferric oxide• Ammonium sulfate
• ONLY USED FOR NAMING COVALENTLY BONDED COMPOUNDS
(Remember… this will be two nonmetals bonded together)
• Write the name of the least electronegative element 1st.
• A prefix is used w/the name of the 1st element only if more than one atom is present
• The second element always get a prefix
• Then write the root and add -ide
Numerical Prefixes for Binary Molecular
Number Prefix
1 Mono
2 Di
3 Tri
4 Tetra
5 Penta
6 Hexa
7 Hepta
8 Octa
9 Nona
10 Deca
Examples
•Name:
1. N2ODinitrogen monoxide2. NONitrogen monoxide
3. N2O3
Dinitrogen trioxide
Writing Formulas for Binary Molecular
• Use the prefixes to tell you how many of each element is in the compound.
• Examples:
1. Disulfur trioxide
S2O3
2. Carbon monoxide
CO
3. Carbon tetrachloride
CCl4
Recognizing Acids
• At this very beginning level, you will recognize an acid by the fact that its formula starts with H, as in these examples:
• HClHNO3
H2SO4
HClO3
H3BO3
The name of an acid is derived from its anion:
• For acids in which the anion is an element, the name of the acid begins with the
prefix –hydro
• The acids name also includes the root name of the anion and the word acid
• In addition, you must change the suffix of the anion to -ic
• For acids in which the anion is a polyatomic, the prefix -hydro IS NOT USED!!!
• Write the name of the polyatomic and:
Change –ate to –icAnd -ite to -ous• Then write the
word acid.
•Name the following acids:
• 1) H3PO4
• 2) H2CO3
• 3) H2SO4
• 4) HIO3
• 5) HF
• 6) HNO2
Remember… the prefix –hydro means its an element bonded with hydrogen, no –hydro
means it’s a polyatomic
Write the formula for these acids:• hydrobromic acid• nitric acid• sulfurous acid• phosphorous acid• acetic acid