Name Minerals Review

1. Base your answer to the following question on the table below which provides information about thecrystal sizes and the mineral compositions of four igneous rocks, A, B, C, and D.

1) green color 2) felsic composition3) folded layers 4) metallic luster

Which characteristic of rock B could be caused by the minerals pyroxene and olivine?

1) talc 2) calcite3) muscovite mica 4) selenite gypsum

2. Which mineral is the major component of drywall?

1) graphite, talc, and selenite gypsum2) potassium feldspar, quartz, and amphibole3) calcite, dolomite, and pyroxene4) biotite mica, fluorite, and garnet

3. Silicate minerals contain the elements silicon andoxygen. Which list contains only silicate materials?

1) feldspar, quartz, and olivine2) granite, rhyolite, and basalt3) cobbles, pebbles, and silt4) conglomerate, sandstone, and shale

4. In which group are all the earth materials classified asminerals?

1) pyroxene 2) quartz3) biotite 4) potassium feldspar

5. Which mineral can be found in all samples of rhyoliteand andesite?

1) rock salt 2) rhyolite3) basalt 4) conglomerate

6. Which rock type is most likely to be monomineralic?

1) Most rocks are monomineralic.2) All rocks are polymineralic.3) Many rocks have a number of minerals in

common.4) Only igneous rocks contain quartz.

7. The table below indicates the presence of variousminerals in different rock samples.

Which statement is an accurate conclusion based onthe information provided in the table?

1) Pyroxene 2) Biotite Mica3) Gypsum 4) Magnetite

8. Which mineral has a hardness of 2.5 – 3 and makes agood electrical insulator?

9. Base your answer to the following question on on the photographs and news article below.

Old Man's Loss Felt in New Hampshire

FRANCONIA, N.H. — Crowds of visitors were drawn to Franconia Notch on Sunday to mournthe loss of New Hampshire's well-known symbol — the Old Man of the Mountain granite profile. The 700-ton natural formation was just a pile of rocks after breaking loose from its1,200-foot-high mountainside perch. It was unclear when the outcropping fell because clouds hadobscured the area Thursday and Friday; a state park trail crew discovered the collapse Saturdaymorning. The famous mountain's history dates millions of years. Over time, nature carved out a40-foot-tall profile resembling an old man's face, and it eventually became New Hampshire's mostrecognizable symbol.

The Buffalo News, May 5, 2003

1) NaCl 2) SiO2 3) FeS2 4) PbS

The rock of the Old Man of the Mountain most likely includes a mineral with a composition of

1) They are formed from molten material.2) They are produced by heat and pressure.3) They are composed of minerals.4) They exhibit crystals, banding, and distinct

layers.

10.What do most igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphicrocks have in common?

1) magnetite 2) pyrite3) hematite 4) olivine

11. Which mineral is an ore of iron and has acharacteristic reddish brown streak?

1) color 2) hardness3) luster 4) cleavage

12. Scratching a mineral against a glass plate is amethod used for determining the mineral's

1) a lubricant2) an abrasive3) a source of iron4) a cementing material

13. The mineral graphite is often used as

1) cleavage and color2) luster and color3) hardness and streak4) streak and cleavage

14. Which two properties are most useful indistinguishing between galena and halite?

1) hardness 2) color3) size 4) texture

15. Which property is most useful in mineralidentification?

Base your answers to questions 16 and 17 on the mineral chart below and on your knowledge ofEarth science. The mineral chart lists some properties of five minerals that are the major sources ofthe same metallic element that is used by many industries.

1) brucite and carnallite 2) carnallite and dolomite3) dolomite and magnesite 4) magnesite and olivine

16. Which two minerals have compositions that are most similar to calcite?

1) brucite 2) canallite 3) magnesite 4) olivine

17. Which mineral has a different common color from its color in powdered form?

1) Dolomite can scratch window glass, but can notbe scratched by a fingernail.

2) Dolomite can scratch window glass, but can notbe scratched by a steel nail.

3) Dolomite can scratch a copper penny, but cannotbe scratched by a fingernail.

4) Dolomite can scratch a copper penny, but cannotbe scratched by a steel nail.

18. The table below shows the hardness of four commonmaterials.

Which statement best describes the hardness of themineral dolomite?

1) galena 2) magnetite3) pyroxene 4) graphite

19. Which mineral has a metallic luster, a black streak,and is an ore of iron?

1) yellow to amber color2) bubbling in hydrochloric acid3) cleaves at 56° and 124°4) hardness of 5 to 6

20. Which characteristic do samples of the mineralpyroxene normally exhibit?

1) galena 2) graphite3) hematite 4) pyrite

21. Which mineral leaves a green-black powder whenrubbed against an unglazed porcelain plate?

1) Galena 2) Olivine3) Garnet 4) Biotite Mica

22. Which mineral has a greater hardness?

1) 1.8 g/cm3 2) 5.7 g/cm3

3) 6.1 g/cm3 4) 12.2 g/cm3

23. What is the approximate density of a mineral with amass of 262.2 grams that displaces 46 cubiccentimeters of water?

1) hardness 2) texture3) color 4) luster

24. One of the most abundant minerals in beach sand isquartz. Which property of quartz could account forits abundance?

1) Most minerals crystallize at the same temperature.2) Most felsic minerals usually crystallize before most mafic minerals.3) Muscovite mica and quartz are the last minerals to crystallize as magma cools.4) Biotite mica is the first mineral to crystallize as magma cools.

25. The diagram of Bowen's Reaction Series below indicates the relative temperatures at which specificminerals crystallize as magma cools.

Which statement is best supported by Bowen's Reaction Series?

26. Base your answer to the following question on the data table below and on your knowledge of Earthscience. The table provides information about four minerals, A through D.

1) talc 2) selenite gypsum3) fluorite 4) quartz

Which mineral can scratch A, B, and C, but can not scratch D?

1) Calcite2) Pyroxene3) Potassium Feldspar4) Garnet

27. Which mineral bubbles when acid is placed on it?

1) graphite 2) calcite3) olivine 4) dolomite

28. Which mineral will scratch fluorite, galena, andpyroxene?

1) garnet2) pyroxene3) plagioclase feldspar4) selenite gypsum

29. Which mineral would most likely become rounded atthe fastest rate when tumbled along

1) galena 2) quartz3) potassium feldspar 4) muscovite mica

30. Which mineral scratches dolomite and is scratchedby olivine?

1) sulfur and lead2) sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen3) oxygen, silicon, hydrogen, and magnesium4) oxygen, silicon, aluminum, and iron

31. The table below shows some observed physical properties of a mineral.

Based on these observations, the elements that make up this mineral's composition are

1) color and type of luster 2) streak and hardness3) composition and atomic arrangement 4) density and magnetism

32. The diagrams below represent the crystal shape and type of cleavage of two different minerals.

The crystal shape and type of cleavage of these two minerals are determined mainly by the minerals'

1) density2) identity3) cleavage4) internal atomic structure

33. Scratching a mineral against a glass plate andrubbing a mineral on a streak plate are helpfulprocedures for determining a mineral’s

1) gypsum2) fluorite3) potassium (orthoclase)4) quartz

34. Which mineral will scratch glass (hardness = 5.5),but not pyrite?

1) galena 2) quartz3) magnetite 4) gypsum

35. Which mineral is commonly mined as a source ofthe element lead (Pb)?

1) Na 2) Al 3) Si 4) Pb

36. Which of the following elements is not found inPlagioclase Feldspar?

1) Amphiboles 2) Calcite3) Hematite 4) Fluorite

37. Which mineral is composed of Calcium andFluorine?

38. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram and table below.

1) hardness 2) luster 3) cleavage 4) streak

The original shape of mineral sample A was altered when it was hit with a rock hammer. Whichphysical property caused the mineral to break as it did?

39. Base your answer to the following question on map below, which shows areas where certain mineralswere mined in significant amounts during 1989.

1) garnet 2) halite 3) talc 4) gypsum

The mineral wollastonite has a hardness of 4.5 to 5. Which New York State mineral could easilyscratch wollastonite?

1) biotite mica and muscovite mica2) sulfur and amphibole3) quartz and calcite4) halite and pyroxene

40. Which two minerals have cleavage planes at rightangles?

1) internal arrangement of atoms2) external arrangement of flat surfaces3) number of pointed edges4) member of cleavage planes

41. Differences in hardness between minerals are mostlikely caused by the

42. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows three minerals withthree different physical tests, A, B, and C, being performed on them.

1) rate of weathering of the minerals2) identity of the minerals3) environment where the minerals formed4) geologic period when the minerals formed

The results of all three physical tests shown are most useful for determining the

1) tetrahedron 2) cube3) sphere 4) cylinder

43. The diagram below represents a basic atomicstructure that forms when oxygen and silicon unite.

This structure is called a

1) sample size 2) hardness3) type of luster 4) angles of cleavage

44. Which property is most useful in distinguishingpyroxene from amphibole?

1) density and color2) texture and color of streak3) type of cleavage and hardness4) internal arrangement of atoms

45. The physical properties of minerals result from their

46. Base your answer to the following question on Moh'smineral hardness scale and on the chart belowshowing the approximate hardness of some commonobjects.

1) A fingernail will scratch calcite, but not quartz.2) A fingernail will scratch quartz, but not calcite.3) A piece of glass can be scratched by quartz, but

not by calcite.4) A piece of glass can be scratched by calcite, but

not by quartz.

Which statement is best supported by this scale?

47. Base your answer to the following question on thedata table below.

1) 1 2) 9 3) 3 4) 4

The durable gemstones ruby and sapphire arevaluable due to their color and hardness. Thesegemstones would most likely be located on Moh'sscale at the hardness level of

1) is very hard2) is very dense3) contains large amounts of iron4) has a regular arrangement of atoms

48. The diagram below shows how a sample of themineral mica breaks when hit with a rock hammer.

This mineral breaks in smooth, flat surfaces becauseit

1) light reflects from crystal surfaces2) energy is released during crystallization3) of impurities that produce surface variations4) of the internal arrangement of the atoms

49. The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of twominerals.

Quartz and halite have different crystal shapesprimarily because

1) hardness2) abundance in nature3) arrangement of atoms4) exposure to the hydrosphere and atmosphere

50. A mineral’s crystal shape and cleavage are a directresult of the mineral’s

51. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below, which shows the crustal temperature and pressure conditions under which threedifferent minerals with the same chemical composition (Al2SiO5) crystallize.

1) pyrite 2) gypsum3) dolomite 4) potassium feldspar

Which mineral has a chemical composition most similar to andalusite, sillimanite, and kyanite?

1) crystal shape 2) cleavage3) luster 4) hardness

52. Which property of the mineral diamond allowsdiamond powder to be used to shape gems forjewelry?

Base your answers to questions 53 and 54 on the two tables below and on your knowledge of Earthscience. Table 1 shows the composition, hardness, and average density of four minerals often used asgemstones. Table 2 lists the minerals in Moh's Scale of Hardness from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest).

1) corundum 2) diamond 3) fluorite 4) topaz

53. Sapphire is a gemstone variety of which mineral on Moh's scale of hardness?

1) emerald and spinel 2) emerald and zircon3) sapphire and spinel 4) sapphire and zircon

54. Which gemstone minerals contain the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth's crust?

1) hydrosphere 2) troposphere3) lithosphere 4) stratosphere

55. The diagram below represents top and side views ofa model of the silicate tetrahedron.

This tetrahedron is found in large amounts in theEarth's

1) internal arrangement of the atoms in the crystal2) emperature at which the crystal formed3) type of surface on which the crystal formed4) stream erosion that changed the crystal

56. The diagram below shows a broken crystal of themineral halite

The shape of the halite crystal is a direct result of the

1) is very dense2) is very soft3) contains certain impurities4) has a regular arrangement of atoms

57. The photograph below shows a broken piece of themineral calcite.

The calcite breaks in smooth, flat surfaces becausecalcite

1) age of formation 2) infiltration rate3) physical properties 4) temperature of formation

58. The diagram below represents a part of the crystal structure of the mineral kaolinite.

An arrangement of atoms such as the one shown in the diagram determines a mineral's

Base your answers to questions 59 through 62 on the photographs below and on your knowledge ofEarth science. The photographs show eight common rock-forming minerals.

59. Identify the two minerals shown that exhibit fracture as a dominant form of breakage.

60. Identify the two most abundant elements, by mass, in Earth's crust that are part of the composition ofall eight of these minerals.

61. In the table below, place an X in the appropriate box to indicate whether each mineral is found mainlyin felsic or mafic igneous rock.

62. Identify the mineral shown that can scratch all of the other minerals shown.

Base your answers to questions 63 through 65 on the table below and on your knowledge of Earthscience. The table shows the elements and their percent compositions by mass in the five mineralspresent in a rock sample.

63. All five of the minerals listed in the table are silicate minerals because they contain the elementssilicon and oxygen. State the name of one other mineral found on the "Properties of CommonMinerals" chart that is a silicate mineral.

64. Identify one mineral in this rock sample that can scratch the mineral olivine.

65. Identify one use for the mineral garnet.

Answer KeyMineral Review

1. 12. 43. 24. 15. 36. 17. 38. 29. 210. 311. 312. 213. 114. 215. 116. 317. 418. 319. 220. 421. 422. 323. 224. 125. 326. 327. 128. 329. 430. 331. 332. 333. 234. 335. 1

36. 437. 438. 339. 140. 441. 142. 243. 144. 445. 446. 347. 248. 449. 450. 351. 452. 453. 154. 255. 356. 157. 458. 359. Olivine and quartz60. oxygen (O) and

silicon (Si)61.

62. – quartz63. —talc, —biotite

mica/biotite,—pyroxene,—potassiumfeldspar/orthoclase,—olivine

64. —garnet or quartz65. —jewelry,

—abrasives,—gemstone