name: date: period: fall 2019 semester final exam...

Name:___________________________________ Date:__________ Period:_____FALL 2019 SEMESTER FINAL EXAM Teacher:___________________________

Living Environment Mr J. Zelkind, Assistant Principal, Science

A cellular respiration in the plants B energy from minerals in the soilC fossil fuels D solar energy

1. The diagram below represents relationships in an ecosystem.

What is the primary source of energy in this environment?

A A stable ecosystem can be altered, then it can recover to a point of stability.B An ecosystem remains unchanged as its stability decreases.C The stability of an ecosystem remains unchanged but its biodiversity decreases.D A stable ecosystem cannot recover after it is altered

2. The graph below shows changes in the stability of an ecosystem over a period of time.

Which statement best describes the change in ecosystem stability shown in the graph?


3. Base your answer to the following question on the following information and photograph and on yourknowledge of biology.

Wild horses called mustangs roam acres of federally owned land in the western United States.These horses have overgrazed the local vegetation to the extent that plants and soils are being lostentirely. When the number of mustangs that roam the land exceeds the number of horses that the land cansustain, the government organizes helicopter-driven roundups. The horses are guided into aroped-off area and then are sold to the public or brought to pastures in the Midwest. About onepercent of the horses captured die from injuries or accidents that occur during roundups.

A ecological succession B its finite resourcesC its carrying capacity D evolutionary change

The number of organisms that an area of land can sustain over a long period of time is known as

A water, minerals, bacteria B sunlight, oxygen, plant receptorsC minerals, water, plant enzymes D water, sunlight, carbon dioxide

4. As it grows from a seed to a mature plant, a plant will grow taller and thicker. Which are abioticfactors most responsible for the increase in the mass of the plant?

A the lack of natural predatorsB an increase in deer pathogensC a shortage of biotic resources needed by the deerD that carrying capacity has no effect on deer populations

5. The number of white-tailed deer in certain areas of Long Island, NY has increased significantly.Homeowners and farmers have put up tall fencing to protect their gardens and crops from the deer.One reason why the white tailed-deer might have increased significantly in certain areas of LongIsland is


A a decomposer that most likely feeds on nectar (a sugary liquid) from flowersB a heterotroph that may eat insects and is more closely related to a robin than to an earthwormC a scavenger that feeds on animals and reproduces asexuallyD an autotroph that probes tree bark for insects and is pathogenic

6. The diagram below represents a woodpecker finch.

This bird may best be described as

A The leopard seals will all die from lack of food.B The krill population will only be consumed by seagulls.C The zooplankton population will increase in size.D The phytoplankton population will increase in size.

7. A food web is represented in the diagram below.

If the fish population decreases, what is the most direct effect this will have on the aquatic ecosystem?


A energy is never transferred between levels in ecosystemsB ecosystems never have more than three levels of energy transferC more energy must be available in the producer level than in the consumer levelsD producers feed on herbivores in most ecosystems

8. The diagram below does not represent a sustainable energy pyramid in an ecosystem because

9. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below and on yourknowledge of biology.

The setup below shows four test tubes. Tube 1 contains water only. Tube 2 contains a live snail.Tube 3 contains a live green water plant. Tube 4 contains both a live green water plant and a livesnail.

A oxygen B glucose C DNA D ATP

Which compound that directly provides energy in living cells is being produced in every tube wherecellular respiration is occurring?

A all single-celled organisms contain contractile vacuoles, a flagellum, and chloroplastsB single-celled organisms contain structures that function in maintaining homeostasisC the organs found in complex organisms evolved from these three structuresD multicellular organisms do not contain any cell structures

10. The chart below contains information about some structures found in single-celled organisms

The information in this chart best illustrates the biological concept that


A Structure 1 is a chloroplast that carries out photosynthesis.B Structure 2 is a vacuole that contains DNA.C Structure 3 is a mitochondrion, where respiration takes place.D Structure 4 is the cell membrane, which provides rigid support for the cell.

11. The diagram below represents a cell in the human body.

Which statement concerning the structures within this cell is accurate?

A The enzymes respond in a similar way to changes in temperature.B The enzymes in bacteria function best at 40°C.C The enzymes function best at the same temperature.D The enzymes breakdown the same substances.

12. Which statement is supported by the information in the graph below?

A shapes of the molecules involved B number of molecules involvedC sequence of bases present in ATP D amount of glucose present in the cell

13. The enzyme amylase will affect the breakdown of carbohydrates, but it will not affect the breakdownof proteins. The ability of an enzyme molecule to interact with specific molecules is most directlydetermined by the


A organelles B chromosomes C organ systems D tissues

14. The diagram below represents the organization of structures within an organism.

Which term best indicates the structures represented by the circle labeled X?

A respiration B photosynthesis C digestion D replication

15. Which life process carried out by a green plant is represented in the diagram below?

A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

16. A biological process that occurs in both plants and animals is shown below.

Which row in the chart below identifies the lettered substances in this process?


A carbon dioxide as a product of the process of respirationB carbon dioxide as a product of the process of photosynthesisC oxygen as a product of the process of respirationD oxygen as a product of the process of photosynthesis

17. A student placed a test tube containing elodea (an aquatic plant) and pond water 10 cm from a lightsource. He observed that the plant gave off bubbles of a gas and counted how many bubbles werereleased in one minute. He moved the plant farther away from the light source to see if distance fromthe source made a difference. The data table below shows his results.

The gas that was being produced was most likely


Base your answers to questions 18 through 20 on the information below and on your knowledge ofbiology.

Respiratory Rates

A student completed a lab activity that demonstrated the connection between pulse rate, heartrate, and Row of blood during exercise. She left her class wondering if there is a connectionbetween breathing rate and exercise. With the help of her track coach, she conducted aninvestigation to try and find an answer to her question. In the investigation, the respiratory rates of thirty athletes were measured before any exercise.To measure their rates, they counted the number of times they took a breath in one minute. Then,they ran one lap around the track, and their respiratory rates were determined again. Finally, theyran two laps around the track and checked their respiratory rates one last time. All of their datawere recorded, and the averages were calculated. The data table shows the information obtained inthis investigation.

A to determine if the students were healthyB to practice using the timerC to use as a comparisonD to use as the variable

18. During this activity, what was the purpose of finding the respiratory rates of the students at rest?

19. State one likely hypothesis that the student was testing in this investigation.

20. When determining the respiratory rates of the students at rest, the student found that the rates rangedfrom 10 to 20 breaths per minute. State one reason why students would have a range of respiratoryrates.


21. The diagram below represents two types of carbohydrate molecules, glucose and sucrose.

State one reason why a glucose molecule is more likely than a sucrose molecule to diffuse through anartificial membrane.

Base your answers to questions 22 and 23 on the information below and on your knowledge ofbiology. The diagram represents an ecological process that occurs in New York State over a longperiod of time.

22. Identify the ecological process that is represented from stage A through stage D, and explain whyeach stage is important to the stage that follows it.

23. Identify the short-term effect that a forest fire during stage D would have on the biodiversity of thearea.


Base your answers to questions 24 and 25 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.The diagram represents a human enzyme.

24. Describe one role of enzymes in the human body.

25. A person has a high fever of 105°F. State one effect that this high fever would likely have on enzymeactivity.

name: date: period: fall 2019 semester final exam...

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