name date living environment midterm review packet 2018 period

Name___________________________ Date______________________Living Environment Midterm Review Packet 2018 Period_________

Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the information below and on your knowledge ofbiology.

The graph below shows the effect of substrate concentration on the action of enzyme X. Thisenzyme is functioning at its optimal temperature, 36°C, and at its optimal pH, 5.5.

1. State what would most likely happen to the rate of enzyme action if the temperature were reducedby 10 degrees. Support your answer.

A) decreasesB) increases

C) remains the sameD) increases, then decreases

2. When the substrate concentration increases from 0.4% to 0.5%, the rate of the reaction

3. Base your answer to the following question on the information below.

The effect of pH on a certain enzyme is shown in the graph below.

A) above 10B) between 8 and 10

C) between 5 and 7D) below 5

At what pH would the enzyme be most effective?

4. Life functions are performed by all living organisms. Identify two life functions that are essential forthe survival of all living organisms. AND explain how each of the two life functions maintainshomeostasis.

5. The table below lists enzymes that function in different locations in the human body, and thetemperature and pH ranges of these locations.

Different enzymes are secreted in each of the three locations. Ptyalin digests carbohydrates. Pepsinand trypsin both digest proteins. Discuss the activity of these enzymes. In your answer, be sure to:• state how the activity of pepsin will most likely change after it moves with the food from thestomach to the small intestine• support your answer using data from the table• state how a fever of 40°C would most likely affect the activity of these enzymes and supportyour answer• identify the characteristic of enzymes that prevents ptyalin and trypsin from digesting the sametype of food

6. Cardinals are birds that do not migrate but spend the winter in New York State. Many people feedthese birds sunflower seeds during the winter months. Explain how the starches present in thesunflower seeds help the cardinals to survive. In your answer, be sure to:

• identify the building blocks of starches• identify the process used to produce these building• state one way cardinals use these building blocks to survive

Base your answers to questions 7 through 9 on the word equation below.

7. In which cell structure does most of this reaction occur?

8. Name the molecule represented by letter X.

9. Name the process represented by the equation.

10.Write the structures listed below in order from least complex to most complex.

organcellorganismorganelletissue

11. Base your answer to the following question on Thediagram below represents a cross section of a leaf.

Explain how the structures labeled X function tomaintain homeostasis in a plant. (How do they helpthe plant to stay healthy and function properly?)

12. Many people who are in favor of alternativemedicine claim that large doses of vitamin Cintroduced into a vein speed up the healing ofsurgical wounds. To design an experiment to testout this claim, an experimental group and controlgroup must be set up. Describe the differencebetween the experimental group of subjects and thecontrol group.

A) mitochondrionB) chloroplast

C) cell wallD) ribosome

13. Which cell organelle is most directly involved withthe bonding of amino acids?

Base your answers to questions 14 through 17 on the information below and on your knowledge ofbiology

Yeast cells carry out the process of cellular respiration as shown in the equation below.

An investigation was carried out to determine the effect of temperature on the rate of cellularrespiration in yeast. Five experimental groups, each containing five fermentation tubes, were setup. The fermentation tubes all contained the same amounts of water, glucose, and yeast. Eachgroup of five tubes was placed in a water bath at a different temperature. After 30 minutes, theamount of gas produced (D) in each fermentation tube was measured in milliliters. The averagefor each group was calculated. A sample setup and the data collected are shown below.

8. Mark an appropriate scale on each labeled axis.

15.Plot the data from the data table. Surround each point with a small circle, and connect the points.

A) smallest amount of CO2

B) smallest amount of glucoseC) smallest amount of ethyl alcoholD) same amounts of glucose, ethyl alcohol, and CO2

16. Compared to the other tubes at the end of 30 minutes, the tubes in group 3 contained the

A) 5°C B) 20°C C) 40°C D) 60°C

17. The maximum rate of cellular respiration in yeast occurred at which temperature?

A) waterB) nitrogen saltsC) potassium saltsD) potassium and phosphorus salts

18. An experiment was performed to determine theeffect of different mineral salts on plant growth.Forty pots containing genetically identical plantswere divided into four equal groups and placed in awell-lighted greenhouse. Each pot contained anequal amount of nonmineral potting soil and oneplant. Minerals were then added in equal amountsto each experimental group of pots as shown below.

For the experiment to be valid, what should beadded to the control group of pots?

A) organsB) organelles

C) tissuesD) systems

19. An ameba, a one-celled organism, can move,ingest, and transport materials within the cell,because it has

20. A student is heating a test tube containing a crushedcracker and Benedict's solution. The student iswearing safety goggles and a laboratory apron.Identify one other safety precaution the studentshould observe.

A) 11 mLB) 10 mL

C) 3 mLD) 4 mL

21. How much water should be added to the graduatedcylinder shown below to increase the volume to 15milliliters?

A) CO2 B) NaCl C) CH4 D) NH3

22. Which formula represents an organic compound?

23. Photosynthesis is an important process. Explain its importance to an organism. In your answer, besure to:

• identify the organelle where this process occurs• identify two raw materials necessary for this process• identify one energy-rich molecule that is produced by this process• state how organisms use the energy-rich molecule that is produced

24. The photograph below shows a pill bug. Pill bugs are small animals frequently found in woodedareas near decomposing organic material.

Describe some parts of an experiment to determine the preference of pill bugs for light or darkness.In your answer be sure to:

• state a hypothesis• identify the independent variable in the experiment• identify two conditions that should be kept the same in all experimental setups• state one example of experimental data that would support your hypothesis

25. An unknown microorganism was observed with a compound light microscope. Identify thestructure that, if observed in the organism, would indicate that it is an autotroph.

26. You have been assigned to design an experiment to determine the effect of light on the growth oftomato plants. In your experimental design be sure to:

• state one hypothesis to be tested• identify the independent variable in the experiment• describe the type of data to be collected

27. The diagram below shows a student heating some test tubes with chemicals in them during alaboratory activity.

Explain why putting stoppers in the test tubes could be dangerous.

28. A scientist wants to determine the best conditions for hatching brine shrimp eggs. In a laboratory,brine shrimp hatch at room temperature in glass containers of salt water. The concentration of saltin the water is known to affect how many brine shrimp eggs will hatch.

Design an experiment to determine which of three saltwater concentrations (2%, 4%, or 6%) isbest for hatching brine shrimp eggs. In your experimental design, be sure to:

• state how many containers to use in the experiment, and describe what would be added to eachcontainer in addition to the eggs • state two factors that must be kept constant in all the containers• state what data must be collected during this experiment• state one way to organize the data so that they will be easy to analyze• describe a result that would indicate the best salt solution for hatching brine shrimp eggs

Base your answers to questions 29 and 30 on the information below and on your knowledge ofbiology.

An experiment was designed to test whether students could squeeze a clothespin more times inone minute after resting or after exercise.

A) increasing the number of studentsB) using a plastic clothespin

C) using safety precautionsD) making a bar graph of the data

29. The experimental results could be made more valid by

A) time the student was squeezing the clothespinB) number of times the student was able to squeeze the clothespinC) strength of the studentD) length of the clothespin

30. The dependent variable for this experiment is the

Base your answers to questions 31 and 32 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

A student checked her pulse rate three times during one day. When she first woke up, herpulse rate was 54 beats per minute (bpm). As she walked to her first-period class, it was 71bpm. Later, she recorded 98 bpm after playing in a basketball game.

31. State one way a change in pulse rate helps to meet the needs of the body.

32. State one reason for the change in her pulse rate throughout the day.

Base your answers to questions 33 and 34 on on the information below and on your knowledge ofbiology.

An investigation is carried out to determine the effect of exercise on the rate at which aperson can squeeze a clothespin

A) carbon dioxide is used up in the muscle cellsB) simple sugar is converted to starch in the muscle cellsC) proteins accumulate in mitochondria in the muscle cellsD) certain waste products collect in the muscle cells

33. Muscle fatigue occurs during this activity when

A) controlB) exercise

C) rate of squeezingD) number of participants

34. In this investigation, the independent variable is the

A) storageB) coordinationC) synthesis of moleculesD) release of energy

35. What is the main function of a vacuole in a cell?

A) liverB) pancreas

C) gall bladderD) stomach

36. Which structure produces bile?

A) glucoseB) DNA

C) proteinD) a lipid

37. Which organic compound is produced when threefatty acid molecules bond to one glycerolmolecule?

38. Base your answer to the following question on the information and data table below and on your knowledge of biology.

During a laboratory activity, a group of students obtained the data shown below

Calculate the group average for the resting pulse rate.

39. Base your answer to the following question on the information and data table below and on yourknowledge of biology.

Two students collected data on their pulse rates while performing different activities. Theiraverage results are shown in the data table below.

State the relationship between activity and pulse rate.

40. Base your answer to the following question on thegraph below and on your knowledge of biology.

A) Excess acids have been building up, causingthe enzyme to become fatigued.

B) Too much substrate is present at these hightemperatures.

C) Not enough substrate is present at these hightemperatures.

D) The high temperature causes the shape of theenzyme to be altered.

Which factor most likely accounts for the change inthe rate of enzyme action as the temperatureincreases from 40°C to 58°C?

41. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below which represents a typical greenplant cell and on your knowledge of biology.

A) A B) B C) C D) D

Which structure is mostly composed of a nonlivingmaterial known as cellulose?

A) 0.006B) 600

C) 6000D) 0.06

42. A student using a compound microscope measuredthe diameter of several red blood cells and foundthat the average cell length was 6 micrometers.What is the average length of a single red bloodcell in millimeters?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

43. In the cell shown below, which lettered structure isresponsible for the excretion of most cellularwastes?

44. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below, which represents a parameciumobserved by a student using the low powerobjective (100×) of a compound light microscope.

A) The actual length of the paramecium wouldincrease.

B) The image of the entire paramecium would notfit within the field of view.

C) The field of view would become so bright thatthe student would have difficulty viewing theparamecium.

D) The image of an entire contractile vacuolewould not fit within the field of view.

What would happen if the student switched to highpower (400×)?

A)

B)

C)

D)

45. A model cell setup is represented in the "Initial State" diagram below.

Which diagram indicates the area where each of these substances would be located after 20minutes?

46. A red onion cell has undergone a change, asrepresented in the diagram below.

This change is most likely due to the cell beingplaced in what type of substance?

47. Describe what will happen to red blood cells whendistilled water is added to them and explain whythis happens.

A) diffusionB) carbohydrate synthesisC) active transportD) digestion

48. If the concentration of sodium is greater outside acell than inside the cell, which process could movesodium out of the cell?

A) left ventricleB) right ventricle

C) left atriumD) right atrium

49. Which chamber of the human heart receivesoxygen-poor blood returning from the bodytissues?

50. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below, which represents the humandigestive system.

A) E B) G C) C D) F

Most of the chemical digestion occurs withinstructure

A) arteriesB) veins

C) capillariesD) ventricles

51. Dissolved nutrients, wastes, and oxygen areexchanged between the blood and body cellsthrough the walls of

A) villi in red blood cellsB) plateletsC) hemoglobin molecules in white blood cellsD) hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells

52. Oxygen transport in humans involves the bondingof oxygen with

A) trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoliB) trachea bronchioles bronchi alveoliC) alveoli trachea bronchioles bronchiD) alveoli bronchioles trachea bronchi

53. Which sequence correctly indicates the branchingpattern of the human respiratory system as air isinhaled?

A) his illness was not caused by a pathogenB) he did not get the vaccine at the right time of

yearC) his body produced antibiotics in response to

the vaccineD) the vaccine he received contained only flu virus

antigens

54. A student received a flu shot in the fall. During theflu season, the student caught a cold. The mostlikely reason the vaccine he received did notprevent the cold was that

A) normally harmless cat antigens stimulated theimmune system

B) it is difficult for the respiratory system to filtercat antigens out of the inhaled air

C) cat antigens are a health hazard, since theyalways cause disease

D) cat antigens stop the immune system frommaking antibodies, so bacteria cause theseresponses

55. Every time a child visited a cousin who has twocats, the child's eyes turned red, itched, and beganto water. Then, the child began to have troublebreathing. It is most likely that the child reactedthis way because

A) amino acids and fatty acidsB) urea and saltsC) ammonia and bileD) hydrochloric acid and bases

56. In addition to water, the main components of urineare

A) kidney ® ureter ® urinary bladder ® urethraB) kidney ® urethra ® urinary bladder ® ureterC) ureter ® kidney ® urinary bladder ® urethraD) urethra ® kidney ® urinary bladder ® ureter

57. Which sequence represents the correct pathway forthe removal of urine from the human body?

Answer KeyCORE Midterm Review 2018

1. — The reaction willslow down becauseit is below theoptimaltemperature.

2. C3. B4. Circulation or

transport movesessential materialsthrough the cell ororganism. Excretiongets rid ofpotentially harmfulwastes.Note: Do not acceptdigestion (part ofnutrition) orreproduction (notnecessary tomaintainhomeostasis).

5. –Pepsin will eitherstop functioning orslow down. –This isbecause the pHrange in the smallintestine is 7.5 to9.0 and pepsinnormally functionsat 1.0 to 3.0. –Afever of 40°C couldslow/stop enzymefunctioning, sincethese enzymes workbest at around 37°C.–Ptyalin and trypsincannot both digestthe same type offood becauseenzymes arespecific.&-ndash;They havedifferent shapes.

6. • identifying thebuilding blocks ofstarches (simplesugars; glucose)• identifying theprocess used toproduce thesebuilding blocks(photosynthesis;digestion; synthesis)

• stating one waycardinals use thesebuilding blocks tosurvive: (as anenergy source; as abuilding unit forsome cell parts)

7. Mitochondria8. ATP or adenosine

triphosphate.9. The process

represented couldbe viewed asrespiration or cellrespiration or aerobic respiration or oxidation.

10. organellecelltissueorganorganism

11. • regulate themovement of gasesinto and out of theleaf• control the size ofthe leaf openings• regulate water loss

12. Examples: · experimental groupreceived vitamin Cand the controlgroup did not.

13. D14.

15.

16. B17. C18. A19. B20. The student should

point the opening ofthe test tube awayfrom himself orherself and othersnearby.

21. D22. C

23. Identify theorganelle where theprocess occurs:Photosynthesis: —chloroplast•Acceptableresponses include,but are not limitedto:Photosynthesis: —CO2 and H2O•Acceptableresponses include,but are not limitedto:Photosynthesis: —glucose•Acceptableresponses include,but are not limitedto:Glucose: — toproduce ATP — toproduce starch

24. (essay)25. chloroplast26. (essay)27. — The stoppers

would pop out ofthe heated tubes andpossibly injuresomeone. — Thetest tubes mayexplode.

28. (essay)29. A30. B

31. — Increased pulserate increases theavailability of foodand oxygen to cells.— The pulse rate isan indication of theactivity level of thebody. Additionalfood and oxygen isprovided to bodycells with anincrease in pulserate. — increasesthe removal ofwastes from cells


32. — When the studentwas sleeping, heractivity wasminimal and herpulse rate was slow.When she waswalking, she usedmore energy,resulting in anincreased pulse rate.— Pulse rate varieswith activity level.— Her body wasmaintaininghomeostasis. — Herheart beats fasterwhen she is moreactive.

33. D34. B35. A36. A37. D38. 7339. Examples: — As

activity increases,so does the pulserate. — The pulserate increases as theactivity increases.

40. D41. D42. A43. B44. B45. C46. salt water47. — Water will move

into the cells(diffuse), causingthe cells to swelland possibly burst.

48. C49. D50. A51. C52. D53. A54. D55. A56. B57. A


24. Examples: • - Pill bugs prefer the dark. - If pill bugs are given a choice of light or darkness, they will prefer thelight area. - If a light and a dark area are provided in a closed container, the pill bugs will not exhibit apreference for either the light or dark area.• -presence or absence of light - amount of light• - temperature - humidity - species of pill bug - type of container - number of pill bugs in each group• - more pill bugs are found in the dark area after five minutes than in the light area - more pill bugs arefound in the light area at the completion of the experiment - the same number of pill bugs are found inboth the light and dark areas

26. Examples of an acceptable hypothesis:– Tomato plants exposed to 16 hours of light will grow faster than those exposed to 8 hours of light. –Light affects plant growth – A brighter light will cause the tomato plants to grow larger.

Examples of correct independent variables:– the amount of light – light – the intensity of the light

Examples of correct descriptions of the type of data to be collected:– height of plants – number of leaves – size of leaves – mass of plants – amount of growth

28. Examples: • – Three containers, each with different salt concentration (2%, 4%, and 6%), should be used. – fourcontainers, one with water, the other three with different slat concentrations (2%, 4%, and 6%) – fourcontainers, a control and the others with 2%, 4%, and 6% salt solution• – temperature of the water – number of eggs per container – slat-water level or volume – size ofcontainer – amount of time• – how many eggs hatch in each salt concentration• – arrange the data in a data table or a spreadsheet – graph the data• – The solution that has the most eggs hatch is the best one to use.

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