name date class overview content mastery resources
TRANSCRIPT
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Resources 15
Directions: Use the following terms to complete the concept map below.
oil sunlight wind water
coal natural gas geothermal
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Directed Reading for
Content Mastery
Overview Resources
Directions: For the following questions, write T for true or F for false.
8. Water pollution that comes from a large area, rather than a single source, is called point source pollution.
9. Useable water is freshwater, which can be groundwater or surface water.
10. Land is considered a renewable resource because it can be reused over time, but land still must be used wisely.
Nonrenewableenergy resources
Renewableenergy resources
1.
4.
6. 7.5.
2.
3.
include
include
Name Date Class
16 Resources
Section 1 ■ Energy ResourcesSection 2 ■ Alternative Energy
ResourcesDirections: In the space at the left, write the letter of the term that correctly completes each sentence.
1. Gases from burning coal and oil mix with water in the air to produce ______.
a. acid rain b. fossil fuels
2. Resources that will take longer than 100 years to replace are ______.
a. renewable b. nonrenewable
3. Energy from waterfalls and fast-moving rivers can be used to provide ______ power.
a. hydroelectric b. fossil
4. Geysers, which produce hot water and steam, are an example of ______.
a. acid rain b. geothermal energy
5. One problem associated with nuclear energy is the hazardous ______ it forms.
a. heat b. waste
6. The most abundant untapped energy resource on earth is from ______.
a. the Sun b. solar cells
7. Solar calculators are powered by ______.
a. fission b. solar cells
Directions: Use the following terms to answer the questions below. Some terms will not be used.
sunlight nonrenewable oil coal
renewable natural gas
8. _____________________ began to form millions of years ago in swampy
regions.
9. An energy resource that can be recycled or replaced in fewer than 100 years is
a(n) _____________________ energy resource.
10. Solar energy is energy from _____________________. Cop
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Directed Reading for
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Meeting Individual Needs
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Resources 17
Directions: Use the missing words from the sentences below to complete the puzzle. The verticle boxed letterswill complete sentence 13.
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Content Mastery
Section 3 ■ WaterSection 4 ■ Land
1. ____ water is found in lakes,streams, and rivers.
2. ____ water collects in small spacesbetween bits of soil and rock.
3. ____ is the process of removingores from Earth’s crust.
4. Pollution that can be traced to aspecific point of origin is ____ pollution.
5. The largest amount of water onEarth is salt water, in the ____.
6. A mineral resource that can bemined at a profit is a(n) ____.
7. About ____ percent of Earth is covered by water.
8. The removal of all the trees in onearea is called ____.
9. Even though ____ are consideredrenewable, forests are not.
10. ____ pollution comes from manydifferent sources.
11. One benefit from ____ is that theyabsorb carbon dioxide and produceoxygen.
12. Metal objects come from ____resources.
13. ____ is the careful use of resourceswith the goal of reducing damageto the environment.
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18 Resources
Key Terms Resources
Directions: Write the correct term next to its description below.
hydroelectric pollution nonrenewable geothermal ore
groundwater solar point source nuclear
conservation fossil fuels renewable acid rain nonpoint source
1. resources that cannot be replaced within 100 years
2. water that collects between bits of rock and soil
3. energy resources formed from decaying remains ofancient plants and animals
4. energy from the Sun
5. energy produced by splitting atomic nuclei
6. heat energy from Earth
7. introduction of harmful substances into the environment
8. electricity produced using water
9. a single, identifiable source of pollution
10. produced when gases from burning coal and oil mix withwater vapor that then condenses
11. type of resource that wind is
12. pollution from many different sources
13. a profitable mineral resource
14. the careful use of resourcesC
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Directed Reading for
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Meeting Individual Needs
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Resources 23
Directions: Choose from the following terms. Complete the sentences below. Some of the terms will not be used.
acid rain electrical energy fossil fuels
lignite nonrenewable oceans
pollution nuclear swamps
1. Resources that cannot be replaced by natural processes in less than 100 years
are ___________________.
2. When gases released by burning coal and oil mix with water in the form of precipitation,
___________________ forms.
3. The coal we use today formed in ___________________ millions of years ago.
4. Energy resources formed from the decaying remains of ancient plants and animals are
called ___________________.
5. The main sources of energy for homes and factories in the United States
are ___________________ power plants.
6. ___________________ is a type of soft, brown coal.
7. ___________________ can change the temperature, speed, or direction of an object.
8. The introduction of harmful chemicals, waste products, and other substances into our
environment is called ___________________.
Directions: Answer the following questions on the lines provided.
9. Name three types of fossil fuels.
10. Once oil and natural gas have formed, in which direction do they move through the surrounding rock and pore water? Why?
11. What might form a barrier to trap oil and natural gas?
12. When engineers drill into Earth and find a supply of both oil and natural gas, do they usuallyfind the oil above the natural gas, the natural gas above the oil, or the two mixed together?Why?
Energy Resources
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24 Resources
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Alternative Energy Resources
Directions: Use the clues to complete the puzzle.
Reinforcement22
Meeting Individual Needs
Across1. Ore commonly used in nuclear power plants
3. Heat energy from Earth
6. Energy resources that can be recycled orreplaced by natural processes in less than100 years
8. Solar ______ that power solar calculators
10. Energy from the Sun
11. ______ rods, housed within a nuclearreactor
12. Reaction that occurs when uraniumatoms are split
13. State of nuclear waste for more than10,000 years
14. Energy generated from splitting atoms
Down2. Hot molten rock deep in Earth’s crust
4. Production of electricity by water
5. Nuclear ______, a large chamber wherefuel rods are located
7. Farm that has many windmills
9. Source of solar power
10. Hard, dark-colored element used in solar cells
4
1
3
7
5
9
2
6
11
14
13
12
10
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Resources 25
Directions: Label each process shown in the illustration.
4. The illustration represents the _______________________.
Directions: Match the percentage with its description by writing the correct letter in the space provided.
5. 97 percent
6. 1 percent or less
7. 70 percent
Directions: Complete the following sentences using the correct terms.
8. Water that collects between bits of soil and rock under Earth’s surface
is ______________________________.
9. Water that can be seen in rivers, lakes, and streams is ______________________________.
10. Pollution from a single, identifiable source is called ______________________________ pollution.
11. The ______________________________ is a set of government standards for safe drinking water.
Water
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Reinforcement33
2.
3.
1.
a. amount of Earth’s total water supply that is salt water
b. amount of Earth covered by water
c. amount of Earth’s water that is available for human use
26 Resources
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Land
Directions: Match the descriptions in Column I with the terms in Column II. Write the letter of the correct termin the blank at the left.
Column I
1. the careful use of resources with the goal ofreducing damage to the environment
2. method of forest conservation in which a limited number of trees are cut down and new trees planted in their place
3. the place where an organism lives
4. a mineral resource in quantity enough thatit can be mined at a profit
5. method of forest harvesting in which all the trees in a specific area are cut down
6. a type of resource found in rocks
7. a rise in temperatures around the world
Directions: Answer the following questions on the lines provided.
8. Name two resources that the land provides for humans.
9. Besides providing valuable resources, what are some other important uses for land?
10. How do forests help keep Earth’s atmosphere in balance?
Reinforcement44
Meeting Individual Needs
Column II
a. habitat
b. global warming
c. mineral
d. conservation
e. ore
f. select cutting
g. clear-cutting
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Section 1 Energy Resources
A. ____________________—energy resources formed from ancient decayed organisms
1. ________________—formed in swampy regions from decayed plants and sediment
a. Pressure and ________________ caused chemical reactions:
b. Peat to ________________
c. Lignite to ________________ coal
2. Oil and ______________________—formed in oceans from decayed algae, plankton, and
sediment
a. ________________ and heat caused chemical reactions.
b. Move upward—less __________ than surrounding rock
B. __________________—caused by burning fossil fuels
1. __________________—gases released by burning coal or oil mix with water in the air.
a. Pollutes ________—harms plants and trees
b. Pollutes __________—harms aquatic life
C. _____________________ fossil fuels—used up faster than nature can replace them
1. World’s energy needs provided by coal: ____ percent; oil and natural gas: ____ percent
a. Coal—could last ______________ years
b. Oil—could last __________ years
c. Natural gas—could last __________ years
2. Conserving ___________________—one way to reduce the use of fossil fuels and reduce
pollution
Section 2 Alternative Energy Resources
A. __________________ resources—energy that can be recycled or replaced
B. _____________________—uses energy from the Sun
1. __________________—change light into electricity
2. Enough energy reaches Earth in one ________ to supply world for a year.
3. Disadvantages:
a. Available only when the Sun is ______________
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Note-takingWorksheet
Energy Resources
32 Resources
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b. No ____________________ to harness all the Sun’s energy
C. Wind energy—uses __________________
1. ____________________—many windmills in one area
2. Disadvantages
a. Not ____________
b. Only a few regions with ____________ enough winds
c. Wind farms dangerous to __________
D. ________________________—using moving water
1. Sources of moving water
a. Natural ____________________
b. Concrete ____________________
2. Disadvantages
a. Increased ______________ downstream
b. ________________ habitats disturbed
c. Some places not near _____________________
E. ________________________—uses the magma and hot rocks beneath Earth’s surface
1. When magma close to Earth’s surface—____________ erupts
2. Disadvantages
a. Can be harmful to ________________________
b. Few places have __________ near Earth’s surface
c. Places with no magma near the surface need deep __________.
F. ____________________—produced by splitting nuclei of certain elements
1. ______________—name for the splitting process
2. Most common element used in nuclear power plants—________________
3. Disadvantages
a. Produces ______________________ nuclear waste
b. Possible problems in ______________ nuclear waste
Meeting Individual Needs
Note-taking Worksheet (continued)
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Section 3 Water
A. __________—vital to life on Earth
1. ____ percent of Earth covered by water
2. Less than ______ percent available for human use
B. Two major sources of public water supply
1. ______________________—water found under Earth’s surface
2. Water____________________—harmful debris, chemicals, or biological materials added to
water
3. Laws to ____________ water pollution
a. _____________________________—ensures safe drinking water
b. _____________________—gives states money to build water treatment plants
Section 4 Land
A. Land—__________________ resources
1. Amount of land is ________________.
2. People must use land ______________.
a. Preserve _____________________
b. Reduce soil ________________
B. ______________—land resource—trees
1. Important product—________
2. _________________—careful use of resources to reduce environmental damage
a. ___________________—limited number of trees in one area are cut down and replaced.
b. _____________________—all trees in one area are cut down and replaced.
3. Tree—__________________ resource—can plant a new tree
4. Forest—________________________ resource-complex ecosystemM
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Note-taking Worksheet (continued)
34 Resources
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C. ________________—land resource found in rocks
1. ______—mineral mined at a profit
a. Found __________ Earth’s surface
b. ____________—such as iron
2. ____________—process used to reach ore
a. Moves large quantities of soil and rock
b. Affects the __________________Meeting Individual Needs
Note-taking Worksheet (continued)
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Chapter Review
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Resources
Part A. Vocabulary ReviewDirections: Match the terms in Column II with the descriptions in Column I. Write the letter of the correct termin the blank at the left.
Column I
1. produced when gases released by burning oil and
coal mix with water in the air
2. the introduction of harmful waste products, chemicals,
and substances into the environment
3. energy resources formed from the decaying remains
of ancient plants and animals
4. resources that cannot be replaced by natural processes
in less than 100 years
5. produced by splitting the nuclei of certain elements
6. the production of electricity by water
7. resources that can be recycled or replaced by natural processes in less than 100 years
8. energy from the Sun
9. heat energy from inside Earth
10. a single, identifiable source of pollution
11. water that soaks into the ground and collects in small spaces between bits of soil and rock
12. pollution from many different sources
13. the careful use of resources with the goal of reducing
damage to the environment
14. a mineral resource that can be mined at a profit
Part B. Concept ReviewDirections: Classify the following by writing renewable or nonrenewable before each energy source.
1. water
2. coal
3. solar energy
4. oil
5. natural gas
6. geothermal energy
Column II
a. acid rain
b. conservation
c. fossil fuels
d. geothermal energy
e. groundwater
f. hydroelectric power
g. nonpoint source
h. nonrenewable
i. nuclear energy
j. ore
k. point source
l. pollution
m. renewable
n. solar energy
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Chapter Review (continued)
Assessment
38 Resources
Directions: Complete the following sentences using the correct terms.
7. The major disadvantage of nuclear energy is the production of ____________________.
8. Less than ____________________ percent of the Earth’s total water supply is available forhuman use.
9. Usable water is found in surface water, such as lakes and rivers, and in
____________________ sources.
10. Although trees are considered renewable resources, ____________________ are not.
Directions: Answer the following questions using complete sentences.
11. Name two disadvantages of using fossils fuels.
12. Discuss two possible disadvantages associated with the building of cities and towns close towater sources.
13. Is land considered a renewable or nonrenewable resource? Why?
14. Name two types of pollution associated with the mining of mineral resources.
15. What are the advantages of using alternative energy sources?
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Chapter Test
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Resources
I. Testing ConceptsDirections: In the blank at the left, write the letter of the term that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Fossil fuels are the ancient decaying remains of ______.a. renewable resources c. plants and animalsb. nonrenewable resources d. coal and gas
2. ______ is produced by splitting the nuclei of certain elements.a. Solar energy c. Hydroelectric powerb. Geothermal energy d. Nuclear energy
3. The introduction of harmful waste products, chemicals, and substances into the environment is called ______.a. pollution b. conservation c. wasteful d. risk free
4. Pollution that comes from many different sources is called ______ pollution.a. renewable b. nonpoint source c. point source d. nonrenewable
5. What kind of power would a large dam generate?a. hydroelectric b. geothermal c. solar d. nuclear
6. ______ is heat energy from Earth.a. Solar energy c. Geothermal energyb. Nuclear energy d. Hydroelectric power
7. When gases released by burning oil and coal mix with water in the air, they form ______.a. fossil fuels b. natural gas c. fission d. acid rain
8. A(n) ______ is a mineral resource found in large enough quantity to be mined at a profit.a. alloy b. compound c. fission d. ore
9. Resources that cannot be replaced by natural processes in 100 years or less are called ______.a. nonrenewable b. point source c. renewable d. conservation
10. ______ is energy from the Sun.a. Nuclear energy c. Solar energyb. Hydroelectric power d. Geothermal energy
11. What is water called that soaks into the ground and collects in small spaces betweenbits of soil and rock?a. surface water b. groundwater c. reservoir water d. salt water
12. Which of the following renewable energy resources causes the greatest waste hazard?a. the Sun b. wind c. nuclear d. hydroelectric
13. ______ is the careful use of resources with the goal of reducing damage to the environment.a. Pollution b. Construction c. Point source d. Conservation
14. How many years do scientists estimate we have left of our available reserves of oil?a. 200 to 300 b. 100 to 200 c. 30 to 40 d. 5 to 10
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Chapter Test (continued)
Assessment
40 Resources
15. Once oil and natural gas have formed, they will begin to ______ through the surrounding rock and pore water.a. vaporize b. move upward c. sink d. erode
16. Oil and natural gas are ______ than the surrounding rock and pore water.a. less dense c. the same density asb. more dense d. none of these
17. According to your textbook, the best solution for air pollution is ______.a. desalination c. preventionb. better air-cleaning methods d. banning motor vehicles
18. Plants and animals that die today would need ______ of years to become fossil fuels.a. hundreds b. thousands c. millions d. billions
19. Disadvantages to using solar energy include ______.a. harmful waste products c. high temperatures in tropical regionsb. dependence on weather d. all of these
20. Disadvantages to using wind energy include ______.a. harmful waste products c. limited to certain regionsb. storage problems d. none of these
Directions: Identify each statement as true or false. Rewrite false statements to make them correct.
21. Trees and forests are both renewable resources.
22. Land is a renewable resource because, in most cases, it can be used over and
over again.
23. Seventy percent of Earth’s total water supply is usable for humans.
II. Understanding Concepts
Skill: Designing an Experiment1. You are considering three types of energy to heat your home: electric, natural gas, and solar
panels. How would you conduct an experiment to determine their cost effectiveness?
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Chapter Test (continued)
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Skill: Making and Using Tables
Directions: Use the following table to answer the items below.
2. Complete the table above, which compares hydroelectric power and geothermal energy.
3. What major advantage does hydroelectric power have over geothermal energy?
4. What is the major disadvantage of both hydroelectric power and geothermal energy?
5. In the space below, make your own table comparing a nonrenewable energy resource and arenewable energy resource. Do not use hydroelectric power or geothermal energy.
Advantages/disadvantages Hydroelectric Geothermal
Renewable yes a.
Can cause cause pollution b. yes
Can be expensive c. yes
Can disrupt natural habitats yes d.
Requires no fuel source e. yes
Able to be used in many areas f. no
Currently used to produce electricity yes g.
III. Applying ConceptsDirections: Identify which of the following land uses will keep the land as a renewable resource R or turn theland into a nonrenewable resource N.
1. asphalt parking lot
2. pasture
3. football field
4. airport
5. tree farm
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Chapter Test (continued)
Assessment
42 Resources
IV. Writing SkillsDirections: Answer the following questions using complete sentences.
1. Explain some things that people can do to help reduce water pollution and why this wouldimprove the quality of people’s lives.
2. Water covers 70 percent of Earth. Explain why only about one percent is available for humanuse and where that one percent of water is found.
3. Large bodies of water are not evenly distributed throughout a country. Relate this to how citiesare distributed.
4. Suppose you live near a river. Dams and pipelines from the river provide water to a desert areahundreds of miles away. Why is it important for people in both areas to prevent water pollution?
5. How can laws help people use land wisely?