name: class: date: child development unit 5 the … · name: ___ class:_ date: ___ child...

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NAME: __________________________________________ CLASS:_____________ DATE: _____________

Child Development Unit 5 THE TODDLER AND PRESCHOOLER

STANDARD 5: Students will explain the growth and development of toddlers and preschoolers.

Objective 1: Describe the growth and development of the toddler.

a. Describe the physical characteristics and skills of toddlers.

b. Discuss the role of nutrition in physical development.

c. Discuss readiness for appropriate toileting practices.

d. Describe the social and emotional characteristics of toddlers.

e. Discuss the importance of autonomy for a toddler’s development. (Erickson’s autonomy vs. shame and

doubt)

f. Discuss Piaget’s sensorimotor and preoperational stages of cognitive development.

g. Describe language development during the toddler stage.

h. Discuss the types and role of play for toddler age children. (parallel)

Performance Objective #5: Evaluate three age-appropriate activities for toddlers and explain how each

activity stimulates the toddler’s development (physical, social, emotional, cognitive).

Objective 2: Describe the growth and development of the preschooler.

a. Describe the physical characteristics and skills of the preschooler.

b. Identify the gross (large) and fine (small) motor skills developed.

c. Describe the social and emotional characteristics of the preschooler.

d. Discuss Erickson’s stage of initiative vs. guilt.

e. Discuss the development of social skills learned during the preschool years.

f. Describe Piaget’s preoperational stage of cognitive development during preschool years.

g. Define and give examples of a child’s ability to understand terms related to cognitive development.

(sorting, classifying, seriation, transformation, reversal, conservation)

h. Describe the development of understanding between reality and fantasy.

i. Discuss the types and role of play for preschool age children. (cooperative)

j. Discuss how to teach moral behavior to the preschooler.

Performance Objective #6: Evaluate three age-appropriate activities for preschoolers and explain how each

activity stimulates the preschooler’s development (physical, social, emotional, cognitive).

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Unit 5 Bell Quizzes

Unit 5 #1 Toddler Physical____________________________________________

1. Which statement about toilet training is true?

A. Children are ready to be toilet trained when they turn two B. Parents should train the child when the child is physically and emotionally

ready. C. If the child has an accident, get angry and make them clean it up D. Once you start training the child, do not stop until the child is trained

2. Which statement about toddlers’ physical development is true?

A. An average two year old walks and runs with his feet further apart than an adult

B. Going down stairs alternating feet is easy for a two year old to do C. A toddler does not have the eye hand coordination to feed themselves. D. An average 3 year old toddler can hop on one foot

3. During the toddler stage, there is rapid growth in the:

A. Size of the head B. Upper body C. Arms and legs D. height and weight

4. Which of the following items would encourage the development of a preschooler’s gross motor skills?

A. Modeling clay B. Puzzles C. Tricycle D. Scissors

5. These are some of the following self help skills that a toddler is learning except:

A. Feeding themselves simple finger foods B. Dressing themselves C. Making their bed D. Washing and drying themselves

Unit 5 #2 Toddler Social and Emotional________________________________ 1. A good way to show toddlers that they are loved is by:

A. Giving hugs and telling them they are loved B. Buying them toys C. Giving them an untrusting environment D. Having surprises for them on birthdays and other special occasions

2. What type of play do toddlers MOST often participate in?

A. Onlooker play B. Parallel play C. Cooperative play D. Dramatic play

3. Which term is used to describe the toddler’s idea that the whole world revolves around them?

A. Negativism B. Autonomy C. Egocentrism D. Stubborn

4. Which of these is a characteristic of a typical two year old?

A. Plays cooperatively with others B. Accepting and agreeable C. Patient D. Short attention span

5. Toddlers want to be:

A. Independent B. Treated like a baby C. Just like their friends D. Helped when they do things

Unit 5 #3 Toddler Cognitive___________________________________________

1. Of the following, which are often a toddler’s FIRST words:

A. Animal sounds like “MOO” B. Verbs like “RUN” C. Adjectives like “HOT” D. Nouns like “APPLE”

2. Parents can encourage language development by:

A. Being a good language model for the toddler B. Talking baby talk to the toddler C. Ignoring the child when they talk D. Correct and punish the child when they make language mistakes

3. If your child receives a difficult puzzle for their 2nd birthday, you should:

A. Make the child play with it so the person who gave the gift knows it is appreciated

B. Do the puzzle for the child C. Let the child play with the puzzle, but don’t force them to put it together

correctly D. Throw the puzzle away since it is too hard

4. A good toy for toddler make-believe play is:

A. Pull toy B. Rattle C. Toy phone D. Book

5. A child learning new concepts that do not really make sense to them is in which stage of Piaget:

A. Sensorimotor B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt C. Pre-operational D. Formal operational

Unit 5 #4 Preschool Physical________________________________________ 1. Compared to growth during infancy and toddlerhood, growth during the preschool years:

A. Slows down and size varies due to individual growth patterns B. Stays the same and size varies due to individual growth C. Speeds up and size varies due to individual growth patterns D. Has many spurts of fast and slow

2. Which of the following is a fine motor skills that MOST four year olds are learning? A. Coloring skillfully B. Turning somersaults C. Walking on a balance beam D. Jumping forward as well as up and down 3. By what age do children usually develop a definite preference for their left or right hand?

A. 3 B. 4 C. 2 D. 5

4. Clothing that makes it easier for preschooler to dress themselves is:

A. Easily pulled on over the body B. Constructed with snap closures C. Does not have any pictures, logos, or tags to confuse them is tight fitting

5. Which of the following is not a physical development of the average five year old?

A. Practicing a skill over and over again B. Refinement of fine and gross motor skills C. Improved balance D. Vivid imagination

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Unit 5 #5 Preschool Social and emotional_____________________________ 1. Which is an example of an average 4-6 year olds social development?

A. They can feed themselves B. Separating fact from fantasy C. Willingly sharing with others D. Learning letters in the alphabet

2. Preschoolers who talk about their imaginary friends are:

A. Showing an insecurity and a lack of self-confidence B. Using their imagination and creativity C. Having an unhealthy social and emotional development D. Not interested in the world around them

3. Sam just finished building a sand castle. His younger brother drove through it with his truck and accidentally destroyed it. Sam recognized this action was an accident. Sam is demonstrating:

A. Conservation B. Self-help skills C. An inner self control and patience D. Cooperative play

4. Children who play together to obtain a specific goal are showing:

A. Cooperative play B. Associative play C. Parallel play D. Solitary play

5. A preschooler taking a risk and wanting to try something on their own is showing which stage of Erickson’s emotional Development?

A. Initiative vs. Guilt B. Sensorimotor vs. Preoperational C. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt D. Cooperative vs. Dramatic

Unit 5 #6 Preschool Cognitive__________________________________________ 1. Preschool children ask many questions because they:

A. Want to keep people paying attention to them B. They are preparing for school C. They want to be smart D. They are curious and want to understand the world around them

2. The concept of conservation is often mastered by most 5 year olds. This means they know:

A. How to save energy B. That the volume or mass of liquids and solids remains the same even if

the shape changes C. That objects exist even when they are not visible D. How to put like objects into groups

3. A preschooler who is using symbols, still egocentric, and participates in make-believe play is in which stage of Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development?

A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperation C. Concrete operations D. Formal Operations

4. Preschool children learn BEST by:

A. Listening B. Reading lots of books and seeing lots of pictures C. Doing worksheets papers D. Participation and involvement in everyday experiences

5. Watching ice melt is an example of which cognitive development skill?

A. Classification B. Reversal C. Transformation D. Sequencing

6. Which activity defines a cognitive development of a preschooler?

A. Being willing to share B. Improved balance C. Having an Imagination D. Beginning of problem solving skills

Unit 5 #7 PLAY________________________________________________________

1. Play can increase children’s social skills best through:

A. Practice using their bodies until they can master certain skills B. Exploring the world and expressing themselves C. Exercising their memories and generating new thoughts D. Learn, share, cooperate, and experience things with others

2. Children who play together to accomplish a single goal are showing:

A. Associative play B. Onlooker Play C. Solitary play D. Cooperative play

3. Which of the following should parents do during playtime?

A. Control the type of play B. Instruct the child how to play C. Expect the child to never make a mess when they play D. Understand that play is a child’s work and to relax the controls

4. Eric plays with a blue dump truck and talks to himself as he drives it back and forth. He is involved in:

A. Associative play B. Onlooker Play C. Solitary play D. Cooperative play

5. Matt and Meg are both playing in the sandbox. Matt is making soup and Meg is building a castle. They share toys, but do not say much to each other. They are involved in:

A. Parallel Play B. Onlooker Play C. Solitary play D. Cooperative play

Ted is playing shopkeeper. Sue and Pam come to buy groceries and then proceed to pay Ted for the groceries; they are involved in what type of play?

A. Parallel Play B. Onlooker Play C. Solitary play D. Cooperative play

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TODDLER STAGE of DEVELOPMENT (ages 1-2 years old)

A. TODDLER PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT (Text: Developing Child pages 311 – 331)

1. _____________________ refers to the name of the stage when a 1-2 year old discovers the new ability of walking.

a) Explain how a child in this developmental stage walks / runs compared to an adult.

b) Spend time each day in ______________________ to exercise muscles, practice walking, and use up stored energy.

What are some toys / activities that promote walking?

2. Physical growth of a toddler _______________________________ down during this period of development.

a) There is rapid growth in a toddler’s torso, _______________________, and __________________________.

b) Their head chest and abdomen all measure about the ______________________________.

d) Body changes in a toddler’s _______________________________ helps improve their balance and motor skills.

e) Their __________________________ still protrudes, their _________________________ is somewhat forward, and

their ___________________________ are slightly bent.

3. Each child will develop their Large ( ___________________________) and Small ( ________________________________)

Motor skills at their own __________________________. These variations can be caused by: _________________________

a) List Average Large (Gross) Motor skills for a toddler.

One Year Old Two Year Old

b) List Average Small (Fine) Motor skills for a toddler.


c) ___________________________________________ is when a toddler struggles to go downstairs alternating feet.

d) ____________________________________ coordination, moving the hand precisely to what is seen, improves with

practice.

- What are some age appropriate manipulative toys that can help a toddler improve their hand-eye coordination, fine

motor skills, and _______________________________________________, or skillful use of their hands and fingers?

5. Because a toddler is more mobile and naturally curious, a caregiver must always think about the child’s

_______________________________ by setting up an environment where they can play and ______________________.

6. Toddlers want to be _________________________ so encouraging and providing self-help skills are very important to

them.

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A toddler who is given the opportunity and encouragement to develop S_______________________________ skills will lead to

a feeling of _______________________________________, confidence, and high _____________________________________.

7. ___________________________________________ depends on and helps improve their small motor skills.

b) Because toddler’s growth is slowing, they will eat ________________________ than they did in their first year.

Due to their small stomachs, it is best to feed them _______________________meals and snacks THE SIZE OF

THEIR HAND / FIST every ____________________________ hours.

c) Children need a variety of nutritious foods daily so plan meals using the _______________________________.

d) Self-feeding for a toddler follows the same guidelines as finger foods for an infant, but how else can mealtime be

made more appealing for the independent toddler?

8. Help children develop the basics of and a good attitude towards_____________________ (personal cleanliness)

a) Teach them to wash their ______________________________________ each time the use the bathroom.

b) During bath time let the toddler: w___________________________, r_________________________, and

d__________________ themselves

9. The quality of a child’s teeth is greatly influenced by their ________________________ (what they eat).

c) The mom’s diet during pregnancy and the diet and care of the child during their first _____________years will lay

the foundation for healthy or poor teeth.

List guidelines for proper dental care:

10. Dr__________________________ skills strengthen large and small motor skills and teach patience so provide them with

many opportunities to practice getting themselves ready.

a) How can a caregiver encourage a toddler to learn how to dress them self?

b) When choosing clothing for a toddler, explain and give examples of these 5 areas:

C _______________

A_________________

D ________________

E_________________

S________________

Features

freedom to move, not

scratchy or stiff

fabrics

waistbands (elastic

and one-piece),

overalls, lager sizes,

stretch fabric, 2 piece

toddlers play hard

and get very dirty so:

strong fabric, well-

made, washable

clothes are expensive

and you will buy a lot

of them

tags, pictures,

closures (zippers,

Velcro, drawstring),

color of child’s choice

11. Toddlers begin ________________________________________________ when they are physically and ______________

ready and NOT by a certain age.

a. What type of parental attitude makes this very challenging task easier?

b. What about when accidents occur? How should these be treated?

c. If the child gets frustrated and resists trying, ______________________ and try again in a couple of weeks.

d. ______________________ training should be attacked once day time training is under control.

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B. TODDLER EMOTIONAL and SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

1. E__________________ Another word for feelings. These have a wide range, are spontaneous, and go in cycles within

minutes. These can be frustrating for both the toddler and the caregiver.

a) As an ____________________, their needs and wants were met immediately, but now as

a ________________________ they are learning that some desires won’t be met as promptly.

List the toddler’s emotional and social roller coaster traits


2. S__________________ When a toddler thinks about their own needs and wants and not those of others. They perceive

that the world revolves around them.

3. J__________________ A common emotion that is evident after the first year . Can result from a toddler not

understanding that parent’s have enough love for everyone.

4. S__________________ Being this way is a very common way that a toddler shows their desire for independence.

5. N__________________ Doing the opposite of what others want, which is a normal part of toddler development?

a) What are causes for this emotion?

b) What are 3techniques a caregiver can use to guide a child through this emotion?

6. A_________________ The primary human emotional reaction to a frustration, disappointment, embarrassment….

a) A caregiver can (2 techniques):

7. T__________________ A release of anger or frustration by violent screaming, crying, kicking

a) Why does this outburst of emotion happen? What does this it tend to mean?

b) How can this reaction be handled by a caregiver (2 techniques)?

8. F__________________ An emotion that can help a child avoid dangerous situations.

a) _____________________________________When caregivers non-verbally teach their own fears to the children

and then the children imitate and take on these same fears.

b) How can a caregiver handle toddler fears (2 techniques)?

c) ______________________________ , the fear of being away from family, caregivers, or familiar environments is

still seen in a toddler. It can even affect a toddler’s sleep patterns.

d) How can a caregiver handle this type of fear (2 techniques)?

9. Eric Erickson said that a toddler is in this stage of emotional development.

a) ____________________________________ (independence) leads to self-control, pride,

achievement, and the ability to handle difficult situations now and later on in life

Providing the opposite will cause __________________________________________.

Egocentric

A________________

vs.

S_________________

D________________

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b) What can a caregiver do to encourage autonomy?_________________________________

10. S__________________ How a toddler sees themselves. These can be positive or negative feelings.The toddler is

becoming aware of their individual differences and those traits that make them special and

unique. It is highly influenced by their environment and treatment of the ________________.

11. S__________________ Toddlers are naturally this way. They like to be around and associate with other people.

12. S__________________ This is one of the first social skills that children learn, but it is not easy for them to understand.

Never force a child to share. It should be their _______________________________ or idea.

a) Why should a caregiver not interfere in children‘s disagreements unless there is danger?

13. P__________________ This is a child’s form of work and through it they learn and grow in all areas of development.

Toddlers have __________________________ spans and tend to bounce around activities.

a) P_________________________ is playing next to, but not with other children. This is the

most common form of play for a toddler.

b) S________________________________ is playing alone.

c) O________________________________ is watching everyone play, but having no interaction

C. TODDLER COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT (Text: Developing Child pages (382-398)

Assignment #1 Developmentally Appropriate Learning Activity Assignment #2 Modeling Language

1. Cognitive Development Milestones


2. Cognitive Development is shaped by both heredity and the child’s _________________________________ which includes:

- A ________________________________ environment and positive attitudes.

- _________________________________ with people.

- Availability of _____________________________________________ and manipulatives.

- Constant ______________________________________________

3. Jean Piaget said that the pattern of a toddler’s cognitive development is found in 2 stages:

a. What is being learned in the end of the Sensorimotor Stage?

b. What is being learned in the beginning of the Preoperational Stage?

- Not yet understanding the difference between real and make-believe causes _______________ in a child. Provide

____________________ (touch and see) experiences to help the child begin to make connections.

4. Intellectual Activity develops at a remarkable pace during the toddler years and these 8 areas are needed to learn!

a. Associations - Relating an action to a result – cause and effect

b. __________________________ - being able to ignore the surrounding distractions and focus on a particular topic.

c. __________________________ - without this there would be no learning.

d. __________________________ - learning about the world using the senses and making connections.

e. _________________________ - problem solving, decision making, recognizing relationships, and forming concepts.

f. __________________________ - allows the child to try new things and to experience being different people.

g. __________________________ - using the imagination to produce something.

h. __________________________ - encourages children to ask questions and to try new things and activities

5. 4 methods of learning are used:

a. __________________________________________________________ = Unplanned learning.

b. _______________________________________ = A child tries several solutions before finding one that works.

c. ___________________________________________________________ = Learning by watching and copying

d. ___________________________________________________________ = Learning by actually being taught

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6. Children learn through every day______________________________ that they have in every day places and tasks.

7. Children learn through _______________________________________________ and manipulation of play things.

8. Guidelines for choosing safe toys (at least 3):

Assignment # 1 AGE-APPROPRIATE LEARNING ACTIVITIES and MATERIALS

Choose an activity or toy that would be appropriate for each age group

Identify the area(s) of development each activity focuses on: physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and moral

Tell what specific skills or concepts can be taught to the child through that activity such as:

Fine or Gross motor skills, Eye-hand coordination, Visual, Language, Math, Science, Sound recognition, etc....

Infants (Birth to Age 2)

Activity, Toy, or

Material

Area(s) of Development Skill(s) Learned

Toddlers (2-3 years old)

Activity, Toy, or

Material


Preschool Age (4 - 5 years old)

Activity, Toy, or

Material


9. Children organize information into _______________________________ , general categories of objects and information.

10. How can a caregiver guide and promote cognitive development in a child of any age?

- Giving time and _______________________________

- Take advantage of simple every day learning opportunities

- Allow time for ______________, exploring, and discovering their world (problem solving & decision making)

- Give only as much __________________________________ as the child needs to succeed

- Encourage children to draw their own ____________________________ - “Let’s Find Out” vs explaining it.

- Use Sensory stimulation and concrete learning

- Model _________________________________________ so they can hear how to think their way to a solution.

- Maintain a positive ____________________________ and express confidence in their abilities.

- Keep explanations ____________ and on the child’s level. Too much information will stop them from listening.

11. R _ _ _ _ _ _ together is an important learning activity for a child of any age.

* Children who are read to from an early age learn to ________________________________ faster and easier.

*Vocabulary and ____________________________________________ skills are developed.

*Reading together builds a close __________________________________________________.

*It helps children learn to separate _________________________________________________________.

*It is one of the best ways to help build _______________________________________________________.

*Books are a great way to discuss __________________________________________________________.

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12. List 2 important techniques for reading out loud?

13. When using one or two words in early language development, ___________________________ are learned first.

14. A child’s Language Development is strongly influenced by how caregivers and older children ________________________.

A caregiver can encourage language development by (2 techniques):

Assignment #2 Modeling Language For Children

Explain the purpose you have for modeling, but not outwardly correcting, the appropriate way of speaking. The purposes can be:

a. Correct pronunciation of the word b. Correct grammar

c. Adding a new word to their vocabulary d. Correcting the meaning of the word or sentence

Restate the sentence in the appropriate way that reflects your purpose to the toddler.

1. “I ranned to the barn.”

Purpose___________B___________________________________

Restated sentence You ran to the barn.

2. Purpose________________________________________________________________________

Restated sentence_________________________________________________________________

3. “The apples is sweet.”

Purpose________________________________________________________________________


4. 7. “I like woses in the garden”

Purpose________________________________________________________________________


5. “See my foots.”

Purpose________________________________________________________________________


D. PRESCHOOL Physical Development (Text: Developing Child pages 409 - 420)

- Choose whether each statement is TRUE or FALSE. Correct each FALSE statement to make it TRUE.

_______ 1. Growth speeds up greatly in the preschool years. The average yearly height increase is 2 ½ to 3 inches.

_______ 2. Most children lose about 4-5 pounds during the preschool age.

_______ 3. Size of preschoolers vary due to a law that growth patterns proceed at an individual rate and time for each child.

_______ 4. During this age, the body becomes straighter and slimmer, legs continue to grow rapidly, their neck gets longer,

and the torso flattens and widens. They are losing the baby appearance and looking more like a big kid.

_______ 5. Because of their changing proportion, the preschooler’s balance and coordination worsens which affects their

movements.

_______ 6. Stronger, smoother, and more coordinated gross motor skills allow a preschooler to color, cut and paste.

_______ 7. Fine motor skills are controlled and refined which make running, jumping, and throwing easier.

_______ 8. Improved hand-eye coordination and manual dexterity make for better use of the preschooler’s fingers and

hands. Continue providing me with toys, activities and materials that will develop these skills.

_______ 9. Children of this age are known for their low activity level and energy.

_______ 10. This is the time a preschooler lacks interest in developing both their small and large motor skills.

_______ 11. Younger preschoolers practice developing their motor skills by participating in the activity or task again and

again, over and over.

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12. List major PHYSICAL MILESTONES during the preschool years:

AGE 3-4 Year Old 5-6 Year Old

Gross Motor

Skill

Fine Motor

Skill

_______ 13. Most children by age 5 show a definite hand preference and will consistently use either their right or left hand.

This begins to show itself around age 2.

_______ 14. The amount of food a preschooler needs depends on their height and weight, their temperament, and the level of

activity. Remember that children grow from near to far, head to foot, and at their own rate, but if a caregiver

suspects a weight problem (too skinny or overweight) see their doctor.

______ 15. Children do better with 3 large meals rather than 5 or 6 small meals and snacks a day. The child’s hand size

or fist can indicate the amount of food that they should be given.

______ 16. Parents rely too heavily on fast food restaurants or convenience foods (anything in a bag or a box with writing or

a logo on it) to save time. These are often low in calories, fat, salt, and sugar.

_______ 17. It is the responsibility of the child to provide healthful food and to teach the parent to make poor food choice.

______ 18. Children have perfected developing and maintaining cleanliness habits (washing and dressing themselves,

brushing teeth, and caring for clothes) which is great, because poorly acquired habits can continue into adulthood.

______ 19. Allow a child to try new things on their own and let them know that you are available to help them only if they

decide that they need it and ask for it.

List 3 Self-Help Skills that a preschooler learns and how a Caregiver Can Encourage These:

E. PRESCHOOL EMOTIONAL, SOCIAL, and MORAL DEVELOPMENT (Developing Child pages 432-445)

Assignment #3 Moral Development Scenario

_______1. Erik Erikson’s preschool stage of Initiative vs. Guilt says that a child’s motivation to accomplish tasks is based on

feelings of independence and self-worth.

_______ 2. As children find success at accomplishing new skills and dealing with unfamiliar situations, their self-confidence

is built.

_______3. Kids view tasks and projects as all or nothing. When these do not go their way, they think, “I can’t do it” and their

self-esteem and confidence slips. Provide more opportunities for successes than failures.

How can a caregiver contribute to developing initiative and/or guilt in a preschooler?

Initiative Guilt

4. List major EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL MILESTONES for a preschooler

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Basic Emotions

and Social Skills

5. Characteristics of Anger

Three and Four Year Old Five and 6 Year Olds

How can a caregiver help the child learn to handle their anger?

_______ 6. In addition to imaginary dangers (such as ghosts, monsters, and robbers), a preschooler also has real fears of the

dark, being left alone or abandoned, school, and loss of social acceptance.

How can a caregiver help a preschooler deal with these fears?

_______ 7. A 4 year old can separate fact from fantasy. A five and 6 year old, who has a bigger imagination and engages in

make-believe play, does not understand that there is a difference between fact and fantasy.

_______8. Imaginary friends are common in preschoolers. They show a very healthy and normal emotional and social

development. It is when the child excludes real people that imaginary friends can be unhealthy. Through

imaginary friends, kids learn about decision and consequences. The imaginary friend gets in trouble/blamed for

the wrong choice instead of the child. The child can learn a lesson through the imaginary friend without feeling

they disappointed their caregiver.

_______9. Compared to a toddler, a preschooler’s anger, jealousy, and frustrations will increase based on their ability to be

more patient and to gain an inner self- control.

_______10. Preschoolers are peer oriented. They are enjoying new social skills and spending more time outside of the home

playing with others their age.

_______11. As part of their new social skills, a preschooler is more able and willing to share.

_______12. Although preschoolers engage in solitary, onlooker, and parallel play, their new social skills still do not allow

them to participate in cooperative play with others.

_______13. Preschoolers have a strong sense to get away from their family and home. They want to feel important in

the family and they enjoy helping. 3-4 year olds may quarrel and bicker with siblings, while 5 year olds tend to

play better with and care for their siblings.

Assignment #3 READ THE FOLLOWING SCENARIO and ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

Ed, age 5, was with his family at a picnic in the park. When they were packing up to go home, his Mom said to not

worry about the paper plates and cups and just leave them there because the city had somebody to clean up the park

or the wind would just blow them away.

What moral values were shown by Ed’s Mom?

What will Ed learn from this situation?

How would Ed’s parents react if he left his trash all over the house?

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_______14. A preschooler is beginning to understanding that it is important to base their behavior on their feelings and

beliefs of right and wrong. This is the concept of Moral Development Refer to Kohlberg’s Theory in Unit 1

_______15. Part of moral development is learning the difference between truth and lies. They learn that telling the truth

brings trust from others. Punishment for a lie should not be so severe that a child would rather lie than to accept

responsibility for their actions.

What are 3 effective ways caregivers can help a child develop a moral sense that will guide their behavior?

_______16. The worst way to teach moral behavior is to model it in everyday actions. Children are not influenced by

caregivers, peers, TV, movie, and other media.

F. PRESCHOOL COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

List major COGNITIVE MILESTONES for a preschooler


Cognitive Skills

Preoperational Cognitive Development Terms 1. Sorting

Example

5. Reversal

Example

2. Classifying

Example

6. Sequencing

Example

3. Seriation

Example

7. Conservation

Example

4. Transformation

Example

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COGNITIVE REVIEW: Match these terms with their definitions.

TERMS

DESCRIPTION

1. Language ability A. Jean Piaget said that preschoolers are in this cognitive stage

2. Preoperational Stage B. In the preoperational stage, a preschooler learns that these represent

objects and words.

3. Experiment C. This preoperational characteristic is imitating real-life situations in

fantasy play

4. Parental Attitude D. Viewing the world in terms of their own ideas and wants shows this

preoperational stage.

5. Everyday Experiences E. A preoperational form where kids find it hard to concentrate on more

than one feature of an object at a time.

6. Chores F. Preschoolers learn best by participation and involvement in these.

7. Symbols G. Look for opportunities to ___________ with a child about what they are

seeing, doing, and experiencing. This will increase learning.

8. Limited Focus

H. Children are naturally this way. They ask a lot of questions because they

are curious and want to understand the world around them.

9. Problem Solving I. Ask a child’s views or ________ on subjects to increase their learning.

10. Reading Stories J. Ask questions to a preschooler that requires more than these type of

answers to increase learning

11. Talk K. Preschoolers need to be included in _____ and daily clean up tasks around

the house.

12. Egocentric L. Allow children to explore and _________. This is how they learn about

their world.

13. Opinions M. Success of a child depends upon qualities like motivation, determination,

creativity, and self-confidence, not on ___ scores.

14. Conservation N. Spending time doing this with kids is an effective way to introduce them to

reading. It makes learning easier and more fun.

15. Inquisitive

O. This largely influences a preschoolers enjoyment in reading, learning,

school, art, music…

16. Test P. Preschoolers begin to develop this skill as their cognitive abilities improve.

17. YES and NO Q. This reveals a child’s intellectual development: how they think, their

interests, and their personalities.

18. Make-Believe play R. A cognitive skill where a child understands that even though one property

of an object changes, the other property still remains the same.

Think….

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Assignment #4 TODDLER LAB

Daily Developmentally Appropriate (DAP) Learning Activity Analysis

DAP is Active Exploration, Investigation, Discovering, and Learning through PLAY! Learning in a sneaky kind of way.

“We have enough color by number people. We need more kids playing, experimenting, and running around.” Bev Boss

DAP Activity

1. What area(s) of development is this project strengthening? (physical,

emotional, social, cognitive, moral).

2. How are the areas of development being strengthened? Give EXAMPLES of what

the child is doing and the skills that are being learned.

1.

2.

Assignment #4 TODDLER LAB




DAP Activity





1.

2.

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Assignment #5 PRESCHOOL LAB




DAP Activity





1.

2.

Assignment #5 PRESCHOOL LAB




DAP Activity





1.

2.

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Assignment # 6 OBSERVING and PARTICIPATING with CHILDREN

A. NEWBORN / INFANT (between the ages of birth and 12 months) 1. What typical newborn physical characteristics do you observe in the baby? For this, refer to your neonate information.

2. Which reflexes did you observe the infant doing?

_______ PALMAR GRASP

The palm of the infant’s hand grasped tightly around an object.

______ROOTING / SUCKING

When the cheek of the infant is stroked with a finger or other

object, the infant might turn their head.

______PLANTAR

When the infant’s foot is stroked, the toes fan out.

_______WALKING

When the infant is held under the arms in an upright position with

feet touching a flat surface, it might make stepping motions.

_______LISTENING and FENCER

When the infant hears a sound that draws their attention, they might turn their head towards it and have their arm and leg extended in direction of infant’s gaze, and opposite arm and leg flex inward.

_______ MORO / STARTLE

When an infant hears a loud noise or is being laid down on their back they might fling their arms and legs out, then draw them back in towards the body.

What were the responses to the above reflexes?

3. What does the parent/caregiver do to respond to the baby’s physical needs? How does the baby respond to the care given?

4. How does the parent/caregiver respond to the baby’s emotional needs? How does the baby respond to the care given?

(Think Erik Erikson)

5. What do you think the baby’s temperment is (placid, sensitive, aggressive)? Does the baby’s temperment seem related to

the temperment of the caregiver or to the baby’s environment? Explain this. (Think Erik Erikson)

6. In what way does the baby communicate his or her needs? How did the caregiver respond back to them?

7. What type of social interaction occurs between the adult and child? (smile, talk, play, cuddle..) How does the infant

respond?

8. What does the infant do when a toy is introduced? Describe what the infant does with his hands, arms, legs, eyes, and

mouth. For how long does the baby attend to the object before looking away at something else? Does the infants attention

return to the toy? What can their attention span tell you about the infant?

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9. How is this infant using small or large motor skills to gain information (learn) about the toy? Explain how physical and

cognitive development are so closely tied together in infancy. (Think Jean Piaget)

10. Watch for object permanence. How does the infant show that this is still being developed? What did you observe.

B. TODDLER (Between the ages of one and three) 1. Describe the situation you are observing:

2. How is this child using language to communicate with caregivers and peers?

3. Toddlers learn through their senses, concrete experiences, and “operate” on items as if they are a scientist. How is a child

displaying these cognitive skills? (Think like Jean Piaget).

4. Check the physical and cognitive development skills that you observe in the toddler: Large (Gross) motor skills Small (Fine) motor skills (Hand-eye coordination) Skill Yes Skill Yes Skill Yes Skill Y

walks steadily Kicks ball jumps up and down draws vertical lines

Runs catches ball Your choice: draws circles

skips Throw a ball Your choice: Draws recognizable pictures

hops Rides 3 wheeled bike turn pages one at a time cuts with scissors

climbs objects jumps off bottom step Build tower of 6-10 blocks uses utensil with little spilling

alternates feet up stairs Push self on wheeled toy strings large beads screws an object on or off

alternates feet down stairs Balances on one foot draws horizontal lines makes bridge of three blocks

5. Choose 2 skills observed in the toddler above and scientifically explain what you saw.

6. Check the emotional and social development skills observed in the toddler: Skill Yes Skill Yes Skill Yes Skill Yes

staying still saying “no” crying kissing

saying “I’ll do it” saying “I’ll do it” smiling shouting

saying “watch me” saying “help me” hitting pouting

saying “it’s mine” keeps eyes down hand-holding laughing

hugging name-calling offering a toy whining

screaming thumb-sucking staring Saying “I love you”

7. In the list of emotional and social skills above, describe one negative behavior and one positive behavior observed?

NEGATIVE

POSITIVE

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8. What type of play are the children engaged in? (solitary, parallel, on-looker) EXPLAIN HOW YOU KNOW :

9. Does the child show signs of positive or negative self-concept? ____________ Explain. (Think like Erik Erikson)

10. Describe 2 ways you saw children being comfortable, content, and happy in their situation. Give Full Details.

C. PRESCHOOL (between the ages of 4 and 6 years old) 1. Describe the situation you are observing:

2. Describe the preschooler’s gross motor abilities. What is unique about their abilities?

3. Describe the preschooler’s fine motor abilities. In what ways does this child struggle?

4. How is the child using language to communicate with peers and caregivers?

5. Name two Preoperational cognitive skills (Think like Jean Piaget) you observe that are common in preschoolers.

6. How does the preschool child feel about him/herself (self-concept)? What gave you clues? (Think like Erik Erikson)

7. What emotional patterns does the preschooler seem to be experiencing? Check what you observe

skill yes skill yes skill yes skill yes

selfishness frustration jealousy affection

impatience anger enjoyment silliness

defiance fear delight shy

8. Explain 2 of the emotions you checked above by telling how the child expressed the feelings, why the child acted that way,

and how the other children reacted to them.

9. How does this child socially interact with other children?

POSITIVE Interaction

NEGATIVE Interaction

10. What type of play are children engaged in? (solitary, parallel, on-looker, cooperative) EXPLAIN HOW YOU KNOW:

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11. Describe 2 ways you saw children showing autonomy (independence) and taking initiative - Full Details

12. Describe toys and equipment found in the center which encourages gross and fine motor skills. How are they helping the

children develop physically?

Children Learn What They Live

If children live with criticism, They learn to condemn If children live with hostility, They learn to fight

If children live with fear, They learn to be apprehensive If children live with pity, They learn to feel sorry for

themselves If children live with jealousy, They learn what envy is If children live with shame, They learn to feel guilty

If children live with tolerance, They learn to be patient If children live with encouragement, They learn to be

confident If children live with praise, They learn to appreciate

If children live with approval, They learn to like themselves

If children live with acceptance, They learn to find love in the world

If children live with recognition, They learn to have a goal

If children live with sharing, They learn to be generous If children live with honesty and fairness, They learn

what truth and justice are

If children live with security, They learn to have faith in themselves

and in those around them If children live with friendliness, They learn that the

world is a nice place in which we live

If children live with serenity, They learn to have a peace of mind

With what are your children living?

Dorthy L. Nolte

SEE ME

Accept me…when others engage in comparisons.

Pause with me…when others hurry by.

Walk with me… when others have too little time.

Listen to me… when others are too preoccupied.

Read with me… when others prefer television

Talk with me… when others prefer shouting,

Praise me… when others can only find fault.

Believe in me… when others offer no encouragement.

Play with me… when others often prefer being

entertained.

Discipline me… when others fail to set limits.

Learn with me… when others have forsaken curiosity.

Laugh with me… when others fail to see any humor.

Challenge me… when others accept less than my best.

Create with me… when others settle for the ready-

made.

Pray with me… when others have lost faith.

Hug me… and remind me how much I am loved.

Dream with me… and discover all I would like to be.

Cleaning and scrubbing can wait ‘til tomorrow.

For babies grow up, we learn to our sorrow.

So quiet down cobwebs and dust go to sleep.

I’m rocking my baby and babies don’t keep.

With babies come wiggles, tickles, and giggles.

With Babies come toys, busy hands, and precious joys.

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CHILDREN’S BOOK EVALUATION and READING ALOUD

PARTNER EVALUATION

YOU WILL COMPLETE THIS EVALUATION ON THE

CHILDREN’S BOOK THAT YOU READ.

TITLE________________________________________________

AUTHOR_____________________________________________

ILLUSTRATOR________________________________________

ISBN #____________________________________________

HONORS OR AWARDS__________________________

DATE OF PUBLICATION___________________________ NOT APPLICABLE POOR GOOD

SUPERIOR

1. Colorful. Interesting

illustrations

N/A 1 2 3

2. Appeals to at least

one of the senses

N/A 1 2 3

3. No sex-role

stereotyping

N/A 1 2 3

4. No prejudices N/A 1 2 3

5. Encourages

cooperation

N/A 1 2 3

6. Teaches how to deal

with emotions

N/A 1 2 3

7. Uses appropriate

speech patterns

N/A 1 2 3

8. Illustrations match

the story

N/A 1 2 3

9. Story is in a logical

sequence

N/A 1 2 3

10. Uses age appropriate

vocabulary

N/A 1 2 3

11. Made with quality

paper

N/A 1 2 3

12. Binding is sturdy N/A 1 2 3

13. Cover is sturdy N/A 1 2 3

14. Has various ethnic

groups in the story

N/A 1 2 3

15. Word ration to

illustration is

appropriate

N/A 1 2 3

THOUGHT QUESTIONS:

16. Analyze the positive AND/OR negative concepts a child can

learn from this book.

17. Evaluate whether a child would be interested in the book.

Why or why not?

18. Compare the book to another children’s book with which

you are familiar. Discuss the differences and similarities.

19. Explain your personal feelings about the book.

YOUR PARTNER WILL COMPLETE THIS EVALUATION ON THE

CHILDREN’S BOOK THAT YOU READ TO THEM.

Evaluators need to be specific and honest with constructive criticism

and compliments. Discuss evaluator comments, then switch roles and

repeat the procedure. Remember to use the techniques discussed in

class. Review this evaluation sheet before you read your story.

Needs Improvement Satisfactory Good Superior

1. INTRODUCTION: gives

author, illustrator, subject

interesting-grabs your

attention.

Comments:

1 2 3 4

2. FAMILIAR WITH THE

STORY: Comments:

1 2 3 4

3. MAINTAINS EYE

CONTACT: Comments:

1 2 3 4

4. VOCABULARY: Reads

freely through the book.

Discusses new terms with

the child.

Comments:

1 2 3 4

5. PROPER POSITION OF

BOOK: holds books to one

side while reading allows

everyone to see the

illustrations.

Comments:

1 2 3 4

6. PROVIDES ADEQUATE

TIME TO VIEW

ILLUSTRATION:

Comments:

1 2 3 4

7. VOICE AND DICTION:

good volume, clear

pronunciation of words.

Comments:

1 2 3 4

8. VERBAL AND FACIAL

EXPRESSION: intonation,

rhythm, excitement, adds

interest to the story.

Comments:

1 2 3 4

9 QUESTIONS ANS

CONCLUSION:

open-ended though

questions, thought

provoking conclusion.

Comments:

1 2 3 4

TOTAL SCORE___________________________________________

Assignment # 9

name: class: date: child development unit 5 the … · name: _____ class:_____ date: _____ child...

Documents

name: class: date: child development unit 5 the … · name: ___ class:_ date: ___ child...