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EOC REVIEW QUESTIONS – UNIT 1
SSUSH1 The student will describe European settlement in North America during the 17th century.
1. What was the primary motive of the original settlers of the Virginia Colony? Gold or wealth
2. How did tobacco change Virginia? Saved the Jamestown colony from failure
3. Explain how the relationship between the English and Native Americans changed from 1607-1650. Started well with the
Natives helping the English but then (do to the English taking land and the “kidnapping” of Pocahontas) the relationship
returned sour
4. What was the House of Burgesses and why was it significant? The first representative government in America
(established the foundation of how politics in the US history would be set up)
5. Explain the series of events known as Bacon’s Rebellion. Poor farmers in Virginia revolted due to the government
catering only to the rich
6. How did the introduction of slavery change the Southern colonies? The Southern economy became dependent on slavery
due to the production of labor intensive crops (tobacco, indigo, rice, cotton, etc.)
7. Why did the Puritans move to New England? For religious freedom
8. What happened with King Philip’s War? Drove all Native Americans out of New England forever
9. Who started Rhode Island and why did he do so? Roger Williams for religious tolerance
10. What was the Half-Way Covenant and why was it necessary? Gave Massachusetts colonists some rights in the Puritan
church in exchange for the understanding that they would covert to Puritanism (meant to encourage settlement)
11. Describe the Salem Witch Trials. The only incident of mass religious hysteria in American history (many people were
falsely accused, tried, convicted, and some killed for practicing witchcraft)
12. Why did Massachusetts lose its Charter and become a Royal Colony? Due largely to the hysteria of the Witch Trials in
Salem the king revoked the Charter and forced Massachusetts under his direct authority which increased his power
13. Where did the Dutch settle? What was it called then/now? New Amsterdam, changed its name to New York after the
British takeover
14. Which group started Pennsylvania? Who was their leader? Quakers, led by William Penn
15. Where did the French settle in North America? Canada, specifically Quebec
16. Which industry were the French most involved in? fur trade
17. What dominated each of the following areas in the 13 colonies?
a. Southern Colonies agriculture
b. Middle Colonies trade, religious tolerance, manufacturing
c. New England Colonies logging, fishing, whaling, religious freedom
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SSUSH2 The student will trace the ways that the economy and society of British North America developed.
18. What is Mercantilism? The idea that the mother country benefits from its colonies at the colonies expense
19. What is Triangle Trade? The trade routes linking Europe, Africa, & North America that traded slaves, raw goods, and
manufactured goods
20. Describe conditions during the Middle Passage. Dark, cramped, cold, wet on board slave ships with limited food (slaves
were usually shackled
21. What are some ways slaves attempted to keep African culture alive in the 13 Colonies? Through music (Negro
spirituals), dance, food, customs, and traditions
22. List the major accomplishments of Ben Franklin. Discovered electricity, lightning rod, best example of social mobility in
US history
23. Define Social Mobility and individualism as an American Ideal. Social Mobility – the idea that one can move up in social
class through hard work and determination (instead of solely by birth)……..Individualism – the idea that the individual is
the most important part of any society ----------------------- both of these ideas laid strong foundations of self-government
and the beginnings of the American Revolution
24. Explain the significance of the Great Awakening in America.
Large religious revival in America that laid the moral foundation of the American Revolution
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EOC REVIEW QUESTIONS – UNIT 2
SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution.
25. Who was fighting in the French and Indian War and Why? British (allied with the American colonists) and the French
(allied with the Native Americans) were fighting for colonial dominance of North America
26. What did the Treaty of Paris of 1763 do? Ended the French & Indian War and established the British as the dominant
power in North America
27. Why were Americans upset at the Proclamation 1763? Restricted their settling of new lands west of the Appalachian
Mountains
28. List the major grievances of American Colonists leading up to 1776. Taxes (in the form of the Stamp Act, Sugar Act, Tea
Act, etc.), Quartering Act, Proclamation of 1763
29. Who were the Sons of Liberty? Group that was formed to protest British taxes
30. How did the Committee of Correspondence change communication? Increasing the speed and reliability of mail
throughout the colonies
31. Explain the importance of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense to the movement for independence. Encouraged Americans
to protest and rebel against Britain
SSUSH4 The student will identify the ideological, military, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution.
32. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? Thomas Jefferson
33. When was it signed? July 4, 1776
34. What role did John Locke play? Established to foundation principles of “life, liberty, and property” as the unalienable
rights of all men (Jefferson changed this into the wording of “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”)
35. How did the French help the American Colonists/Continental Army? France provided funds (money), uniforms,
weapons, supplies, food, foreign military expertise, and some troops to the American cause during the Revolution
36. Which American spent much of the War in France convincing them to help America? Benjamin Franklin
37. Who was the greatest foreign military aid to General George Washington? Marquis de Lafayette (from France) and
Baron von Steuben (from Prussia)
38. Describe conditions at Valley Forge. Cold, lack of shelter, lack of food/supplies, diseases, rodents (but remember this is
where the Continental Army trained to become a professional fighting force)
39. Explain the events when Washington crossed the Delaware River. Washington was faced with most of the Continental
Army leaving (their enlistments were almost done) and so he knew he needed a very strategic victory in order to keep his
army from quitting (the crossing of the Delaware and the resulting Battle of Trenton saved Washington’s army from
desertion)
40. Who was Lord Cornwallis? The British general who was forced to surrender at Yorktown (effectively ending the
Revolution)
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41. What was the significance of the following events in the American Revolution?
a. Lexington/Concord First battle of the Revolution where the “shot heard ‘round the world” was fired
b. Bunker Hill After this battle King George III declared the colonies officially in rebellion
c. Saratoga Turning point of the Revolution
d. Trenton Saved Washington’s army from disbanding
e. Yorktown Final battle of the Revolution
f. Treaty of Paris 1783 Officially ended the Revolution and recognized America as a sovereign country
SSUSH5 The student will explain specific events and key ideas that brought about the adoption and implementation of the
United States Constitution.
42. Why were the Articles of Confederation extremely weak by design? The US government was not allowed to tax or raise
a national army
43. Why was Shay’s Rebellion a significant event in the formation of our government? Proved that the Articles of
Confederation were too weak govern the US
44. Describe the major differences between Federalists and Anti-Federalists. Federalists believe in a strong, central
government and Anti-Federalists believe in stronger state governments
45. What were the Federalist Papers and who was the author/authors? Group of essay written to gain support for the
ratification of the Constitution
46. How do Checks and Balances work? No single branch of government has all the power but each branch must rely on
the other two to get laws passed (it was a protection against tyranny)
47. List the 3 Branches of government and the functions each serves. Legislative (writes the laws), Executive (enforces the
laws), Judicial (assures the laws do not overstep the Constitution)
48. Describe the Great Compromise (NJ Plan/VA Plan) and how it affects us today. An agreement to adopt parts of both the
NJ and VA plans and establish a bicameral (2 house) legislature with one house based on equal representation (Senate)
and the other with representation based on population (House of Representatives)
49. How did Montesquieu help to set up the organization of our government? Developed the idea of the separation of
powers
50. How was the issue of slavery dealt with at the Constitutional Convention? Three-Fifths Compromise
51. What is the Bill Of Rights and what does it protect? First 10 Amendments to the Constitution that protected individual
and state rights
52. List the major accomplishments of George Washington. Leader of the Continental Army, President (Chairman) of the
Constitutional Convention, first President of the United States
53. What advice did George Washington give in his Farewell Address? Warned against the development of political parties
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54. Explain what happened with the Whiskey Rebellion. Brewers revolted over the increase in taxes on the production of
whiskey….Washington was able to use the army to end the rebellion (proved that the new Constitution worked)
55. Describe the role Alexander Hamilton played in the formation of the National Bank. Created the idea of the National
Bank and became the 1st Secretary of the Treasury
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EOCT REVIEW QUESTIONS – UNIT 3
SSUSH6 The student will analyze the impact of territorial expansion and population growth and the impact of this growth
in the early decades of the new nation.
56. What was the purpose of the Northwest Ordinance of 1878? Established the process for a territory to become a state
57. Why did Thomas Jefferson want to acquire the port of New Orleans? New Orleans controlled the Mississippi River
58. Why was the Louisiana Purchase such a big deal? Doubled the size of the US
59. Who was sent to explore the purchase? William Clark & Meriwether Lewis
60. Who sold us the Louisiana Purchase and Why? Napoleon Bonaparte (France) because he needed the money to fund his
wars to conquer Europe
61. Explain the events that caused the War of 1812. The number 1 cause was the IMPRESSMENT of American sailors into
service with the British Navy against Napoleonic France
62. What did the War of 1812 prove to the World? That the United States was capable of governing and defending itself
against foreign nations
63. What did the Erie Canal connect and how did it change trade in America? Connected the Great Lakes with the Atlantic
Ocean and opened the American interior to foreign trade
64. What is infrastructure and why is it important to a civilization? The structures and facilities needed (like roads, bridges,
railroads, etc) for a successful economy and society
65. What is the Monroe Doctrine and what did it say? Promise that the United States would view any intervention by
European powers in the Western Hemisphere as a threat to the US
SSUSH7 Students will explain the process of economic growth, its regional and national impact in the first half of the 19th
century, and the different responses to it.
66. Explain the significance of the Industrial Revolution. Changed US society from being a largely agrarian
(agriculture/farming based) to more industrial and commercial (factory based)
67. Describe the major accomplishments of Eli Whitney? Interchangeable parts and the cotton gin
68. What is Manifest Destiny? The idea that the US was destined to occupy all the land between the Atlantic & Pacific
69. Reform Movements
a. Temperance The movement to ban all alcohol in the US (failed)
b. Abolition The movement to ban all slavery in the US
c. Public School Movement to make public education free of charge (led by Horace Mann)
70. Woman’s Movement
a. Suffrage The right to vote
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b. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Leader of the women’s rights movement in the US (along with Lucretia Mott)
c. Seneca Falls Convention First women’s rights convention in US history
71. How was Andrew Jackson unlike most politicians/presidents? Began life very poor but became the “champion of the
common man” in the US……increased the power of the presidency dramatically
72. What is American Nationalism? The idea of the US focusing inwardly to correct and improve American society
SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion.
73. How did slavery cause the divisions of sectionalism? Arguments on the ideas of how much each slave should count
toward Congressional representation and the reliance of the Southern economy on slavery
74. Explain Nat Turner’s Rebellion. The most successful slave uprising in US history when Turner led a rebellion of slaves
that killed more than 60 white men, women, and children
75. Describe the importance of the following Abolitionists leaders.
a. William Lloyd garrison Published the Liberator abolitionist newspaper
b. Frederick Douglass Former slave and passionate orator against slavery, publisher of The North Star abolitionist
newspaper, most famous leader of the abolitionist movement
c. Grimke Sisters Leaders of the abolitionist movement that saw the evils of slavery first hand by growing up in South
Carolina
76. Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery in western states and territories. Set a boundary line between
territories that were opened to popular sovereignty and those that were closed to slavery
77. Explain John C. Calhoun’s idea of Nullification. Calhoun believed that if state didn’t agree with a certain Federal law
they could overturn it and refuse to enforce it (this contradicted Andrew Jackson’s belief)
78. Describe the war with Mexico and the Texas situation. The war started over a border dispute between the US and
Mexico, then the US invaded and conquered the Mexican capital and force Mexico to surrender all of her possession in
what would become the southwestern US
79. Explain the Wilmot Proviso. Forbid slavery in the territories gained from Mexico
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EOC REVIEW QUESTIONS – UNIT 4
80. Explain the Compromise of 1850 and its need because of territorial expansion and population growth. It was an
agreement between free and slave states that would admit California as a free state if more territories would be opened
to popular sovereignty
SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of
the Civil War.
81. Explain what happened with Dred Scott and his Supreme Court Case. Dred Scott lost his case and the Supreme Court
ruled that slave were property, not citizens
82. What is Popular Sovereignty? In this instance the idea that the citizens of a territory would decide, by vote, on whether
or not to allow slavery
83. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the failure of popular sovereignty. The Act nullified the Missouri Compromise and
opened all US territories to popular sovereignty. Ultimately this led to a rush of both pro-slavery & anti-slavery settlers
into Kansas and many violent contests for power erupted thereby leading to Kansas receiving the name “Bloody (or
Bleeding) Kansas”
84. Who was John Brown and explain a few of his crazy outbursts. He was a radical abolitionist from Bleeding Kansas who
led a failed raid on the Federal Arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, VA in an attempt to arm slaves and start a slave uprising in the
South
85. Describe President Lincoln’s second inaugural address. Given after his reelection in 1864, Lincoln pushed for a peaceful
reunion of the United States once the Civil War was over with his line “…with malice toward none, and charity for all, let
us bind up this nation’s wounds…”
86. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts Gettysburg speech. Given to dedicate the cemetery established for those soldiers
lost after the Battle of Gettysburg, Lincoln called for Northerners to continue the fight in order to preserve the Union.
Lincoln’s words caused an renewed spirit in the North to continue the war an achieve victory
87. Why did Lincoln suspend habeas corpus? Lincoln suspended a citizen’s right to a trial in 1861 in order to hold
Confederate sympathizers in the North in prison and maintain the confidentiality of the Union plan for the war
88. Describe the roles of these Civil War Leaders.
a. Ulysses Grant Commander of all Union forces
b. Robert E. Lee Commander of all Confederate force
c. “Stonewall” Jackson Lee’s second in command who led Confederate forces to many victories over larger Union forces.
Unfortunately his death by “friendly fire” was a moral and strategic setback for the Confederacy
d. William T. Sherman Commander of Union forces that targeted and captured Atlanta in 1864
e. Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States of America
89. Explain the importance of these Civil War battles.
a. Fort Sumter First shots of the American Civil War
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b. Antietam Bloodiest single day in US history…the Union “victory” allowed for the passage of the Emancipation
Proclamation
c. Vicksburg Gave the Union control of the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in two parts (divide & conquer)
d. Gettysburg Turning point of the Civil War…bloodiest battle in US history
e. Battle for Atlanta The transportation hub of the Confederacy…Atlanta’s fall to Union forces in 1864 was the beginning
of the end for the Confederacy and secured Lincoln’s reelection
90. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation. Despite what it said it did not free any slaves but it
established a moral course for the war by making slavery the primary objective of the war
91. Explain the Northern/Southern Advantages in the Civil War.
a. People The North held the advantage with a much larger population than the South
b. Railroads The North held the advantage with more miles of railroad track and a uniform “gauge” of the tracks (which
would allow a single train to travel anywhere in the North
c. Leadership The South held the advantage with better and more experienced generals such as Robert E. Lee, Stonewall
Jackson, Albert S. Johnston, William J. Hardee, etc.
d. Factories/Industrial Output The North held the advantage many more factories and the North was the center of
industry in the US at the time
e. Food The North held the advantage with the factory system able to produce considerably more food for its soldiers
than the South
SSUSH10 The student will identify legal, political, and social dimensions of Reconstruction.
92. Compare and contrast Presidential Reconstruction with Radical Republican Reconstruction. In short, Presidential
Reconstruction focused on a peaceful end to the war and rebuilding of the United States whereas Radical Reconstruction
focused on finding ways to punish the South whom the Radical Republicans blamed for the war
93. What was the goal of the Freedman’s bureau? To provide aide (food, shelter, supplies, education) to freed slaves after
the war
94. Explain the significance of Morehouse College. First school founded by the Freedman’s Bureau
95. Describe the Civil War Amendments.
a. 13th Amendment Abolished slavery in the US
b. 14th Amendment Gave African Americans citizenship in the US
c. 15th Amendment Gave African American men the right to vote
96. Explain Black Codes, the Ku Klux Klan, and other forms of resistance to racial equality during Reconstruction. Black codes
were laws intended to restrict the rights of African Americans after the war…The KKK was a group of white supremacists
who wanted to harass African Americans and restrict their rights through fear
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97. Explain the impeachment of Andrew Johnson in relationship to Reconstruction. Johnson was impeached ultimately due
to his supposed violation of the Tenure of Office Act. In reality however, Johnson was impeached by the Radical
Republicans for refusing to punish the South and institute their view of Radical Reconstruction
98. How did the Compromise of 1877 mark the end of Reconstruction? In order to solve the close and contested election of
1876, members of Congress came to an agreement that if Republican candidate and Union veteran Benjamin Harrison
became president then all Union troops would be removed from the South
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EOC REVIEW QUESTIONS – UNIT 5
SSUSH11 The student will describe the economic, social, and geographic impact of the growth of big business and
technological innovations after Reconstruction.
99. Explain who Andrew Carnegie was and what effect he had on big business The steel baron who brought the Bessemer
process to the US
100. What is the difference between vertical integration and horizontal integration? Vertical is when a company buys out
its competition and Horizontal is when a company out sales its competition and forces them out of business
101. Explain the concept monopoly and trust. Monopoly is complete control over a product or service by a single
company…Trust is a unifying of several companies into one and under the direction of a single person or board of trustees
102. What industry was John D. Rockefeller known for? Oil
103. Who was JP Morgan and how did he try to help the railroad company? The banking baron who created the General
Electric Trust
104. What was the transcontinental railroad? The 1st railroad to connect the east coast and west coast of the US
105. What group of immigrants were known for building the railroads? Chinese & Irish
106. How did railroads effect the development of the western part of the United States? Made moving to the West cheaper
and quicker
107. What were some inventions of Thomas Edison? Phonograph, light bulb, motion picture camera
108. How did these inventions effect society? Improve the quality of life in the US by reducing the amount of labor and
creating new pastimes in society
SSUSH12 The student will analyze important consequences of American industrial growth.
109. What is Ellis Island? Port of entry for European immigrants coming to America
110. Where were most immigrants from that came to Ellis Island? Southern and Eastern Europe
111. How did Ellis Island effect the cities and the job force? Overcrowding in cities led to slums, new immigrants meant a
larger cheap labor force (immigrants typically worked for less money than citizens), immigrants increased the population
which led to greater demand for goods and supplies, elements of foreign cultures enter American society (kindergarten,
hamburgers, pizza, opera, etc.)
112. What was the American Federation of Labor? First organized labor union in US history
113. Who was Samuel Gompers? Founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL)
114. Explain how the expansion of the west impacted Native Americans. As white settlement in western lands increased,
Native American populations decreased
115. Who was Sitting Bull? The Sioux Indian chief who fought a territorial war for land against the US Army
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116. What happened at the Battle of Wounded Knee? Last major conflict between Native Americans and US which ended
Native American resistance to white settlement
117. Describe the Pullman Strike. In an attempt to get higher wages the Pullman Railway Car Company workers started a
strike that quickly turned violent after the company’s owners tried to end the strike. Eventually Federal troops had to be
brought in to end the strike by force. This is the best example of industrial unrest in US history
SSUSH13 The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics in the Progressive Era.
118. Who was Upton Sinclair and how did his book influence the meatpacking industry? Author of The Jungle that brought
attention to the unsanitary conditions of the meat packing industry and led to the creation of the Pure Food and Drug Act
(which created the Food & Drug Administration, or FDA)
119. Who was Jane Addams and the Hull House? Addams was the founder of the Hull House which supplied shelter, food,
and other aide to immigrants (mainly women) in Chicago
120. Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton? One of the major leaders in the Women’s Rights Movement and founders of the
Seneca Falls Convention
121. What were the Jim Crow laws? Series of laws in the US that tried to restrict the rights of African Americans and
enforce segregation in the US
122. What was the importance of the court case Plessy v. Ferguson? Legalized segregation in the US
123. What was the NAACP and who created it? The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was
started by several key leaders (most notably W.E.B. DuBois) in order to push for equality and the full rights of African
Americans
124. Who is Ida Tarbell? The muckraker who fought against Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company and ultimately was able
to destroy its monopoly on the oil industry (through her book The History of Standard Oil)
125. What is a muckraker? “investigative journalists” who wrote about the abuses and corruption of big businesses and
corportations
126. Who were the progressives? A group of reformers who fought for social & economic justice and against the evils of
industrialization & urbanization in the US by pushing for greater government control over business
127. How did initiative, referendum, and recall and change democracy in the United States? Increased the power and voice
of the American voter
128. How did the labor law reforms change the workplace? Banned child labor, established a minimum wage level, pushed
for better safety in the workplace, provided fair compensation for workers
129. What did city officials do to improve living conditions in cities? Created housing codes and sanitation departments to
lessen the outbreaks of diseases in urban areas
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130. What was the conservation movement and how did Theodore Roosevelt impact this movement The reform movement
to protect natural habits and “green” spaces in America…Teddy Roosevelt impacted the movement by creating the
National Park Service
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EOC REVIEW QUESTIONS – UNIT 6
SSUSH14 The student will explain America’s evolving relationship with the world at the turn of the twentieth century.
131. What did the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 do? Restricted Chinese immigration to America and restricted the rights of
Chinese immigrants already in America
132. Which industry were most Chinese workers involved in? Railroads
133. Why was there a bigger problem with Anti-Asian Sentiments on the West Coast vs the East Coast? More Asian
immigrants came into the West Coast than the East Coast
134. Who was fighting in the Spanish American War? United States (allied with Cuba and the Philippines) against Spain
135. Where was the Spanish American War fought? Cuba and the Philippines
136. Which territories were gained by the US in the Spanish American War? Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam
137. What were some reasons the US government has interest in the Caribbean? Sugar, spices, and creating a quicker route
between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
138. Explain the Roosevelt Corollary and how it is related to the Monroe Doctrine? This was Teddy Roosevelt’s promise that
the US would keep to the Monroe Doctrine by seeing any act of a European country in Latin America as an act of
aggression against the US
139. Who originally tried to build the Panama Canal, and which US President finished the job? France and the US (but both
failed the first time). Eventually, under Teddy Roosevelt’s presidency, the Panama Canal was created
SSUSH15 The student will analyze the origins and impact of U.S. involvement in World War I.
140. Describe the four main causes of WWI. Remember M.A.I.N: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
141. Describe the series of events that moved the US form Neutrality to engagement in WWI. Two big events caused the US
to get involved in WWI: 1) The sinking of the Lusitania (after Germany declared “unrestricted submarine warfare”), and
the discovery of the Zimmerman Note (asking Mexico to ally with Germany and the Central Powers in order to keep the
US from getting involved in Europe)
142. What is Unrestricted Submarine Warfare? Germany’s tactic to use submarines to sink any ship seen on the water
(military or civilian) in an effort to break the Allied blockade of Germany
143. Explain the Domestic impact of WWI. Government created wartime boards to oversee commercial production,
mediate labor disputes/unrest, and improve railway operations in order to support the US war effort
144. What was the Great Migration? Mass migration of African Americans out of the South and into the North due to
increased need for workers in wartime industries
145. Explain the Espionage Act. Placed penalties on spying, interfering, and/or obstructing the war effort in the US
(severely limited the rights to freedom of speech and freedom of the press)
146. What happened to people like Eugene Debs during WWI? He, and others like him was arrested and imprisoned for
speaking out against the war and disenfranchised (most of the rights as citizens were taken away)
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147. Explain Woodrow Wilsons 14 pts Peace Plan. Designed to create a lasting peace around the world and prevent
another world war from happening…called for open and transparent dealings among all countries, freedom of the seas
for all countries, reduction of the militaries of all nations, and creation of a League of Nations to keep the peace and work
out problems between nations
148. Why didn’t the US join the League of Nations after WWI? Congress believed joining would involve the US in all future
conflicts around the world
149. What is the 16th Amendment? Allowed the federal government to collect income tax
150. What is the 17th Amendment? Provided for the direct election of Senators
151. What is the 18th Amendment? Prohibited the production, sale, & consumption of alcohol in the US (Prohibition)
152. What is the 19th Amendment? Gave women the right to vote
SSUSH16 The student will identify key developments in the aftermath of WW I.
153. What is Communism? An economic system in which the means of production is controlled by the workers (or in
reality a small, elite group of workers)
154. What is Socialism? An economic system in which the means of production are controlled by the state (or the
government)
155. What is Capitalism? An economic system in which the means of production are controlled by private
businesses/owners for profit
156. What was the Red Scare and how did it lead to immigration restrictions? It was the fear of a communist takeover of
the US…it led to increased restrictions on political ideas and eventually the Quota System (which only allowed a limited
number of immigrants from certain foreign countries)
157. Who is Henry Ford and how did he alter factories? Introduced the assembly line process to the automobile industry
158. How did Radio transform communication in America? Created a common cultural experience for US citizens and
introduced them to mass marketing of goods
159. Describe the Harlem Renaissance. This was the revolution of African American culture through literature and art
a. Louis Armstrong Most famous jazz musician of the Roaring Twenties
b. Jazz The first truly American music style that was popularized in the Roaring Twenties (said to be derived from African
tribal traditions)
c. Langston Hughes Most famous writer/poet of the Roaring Twenties…Came directly out of the Harlem Renaissance
d. Irving Berlin One of the famous musicians of the Roaring Twenties that wrote notable songs like “Blue Skies” and was a
prominent member of Tin Pan Alley
e. Tin Pan Alley The most famous music center of the Roaring Twenties
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EOC REVIEW QUESTIONS – UNIT 7
SSUSH17 The student will analyze the causes and consequences of the Great Depression.
160. What caused the Great Depression? Overproduction, underconsumption, speculation
161. Explain how overproduction and underconsumption contributed to the start of the Great Depression? Too much being
produced and not enough being bought lead to the devaluing of the dollar and an economic crisis
162. Define “buying on margin”. Putting up a little bit of money on your own and borrowing the rest to buy a lot of stock
163. Define stock market speculation. Buying and trading stocks quickly in an attempt to keep from losing profit
164. When was the stock market crash? October 29, 1929
165. How did over-farming and climate factors start the Dust Bowl? Led to a loss of top soil and key nutrients in the soil for
crop growth; this was combined with a major drought that swept over the Midwest worsening the conditions
166. How did the Dust Bowl affect settlement patterns? Caused a migration out of the Great Plains to the coasts (mainly
California)
167. What were Hoovervilles? Shantytowns built by victims of the Depression…they were named after Pres. Herbert
Hoover
168. How did the average American perceive President Hoover’s efforts to fix the Great Depression? Most Americans
thought that Hoover did not do enough to ease the pinch of the Depression
SSUSH18 The student will describe Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal as a response to the depression and compare the ways
governmental programs aided those in need.
169. What was the New Deal? FDR’s reforms to ease the pinch of the Depression
170. What was the TVA, SSA, SEC, FDIC? TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) brought electricity and jobs to the rural parts of
the Southeast US, SSA (Social Security Act) gave pensions and old age benefits to senior citizens who had been hit
especially hard during the Depression, SEC (Securities & Exchange Administration) was meant to restore the confidence of
investors in the stock market by heavily regulating the sale and trade of stocks, FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance
Commission) which guaranteed Federal reimbursement of private funds, up to a certain amount, in case of another
Depression and Stock Market Crash
171. What was FDR’s first 100 Days? Series of reforms put into action by FDR that focused solely on easing the effects of
the Depression and providing economic recovery
172. Explain the Wagner Act? Also known as the National Labor Relations Act it established the precedent of collective
bargaining and protected labor unions from corporate retaliation
173. What was the 2nd New Deal? A second round of reforms meant to further the economic recovery from the
Depression and characterized by the passage of the Social Security Act
174. Who was Eleanor Roosevelt and why was she significant? FDR’s wife and First Lady who became the public face of
FDR’s administration
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175. Who was Huey Long and hoe did he differ from FDR? Governor of Louisiana and FDR’s opponent who pushed his
“Share the Wealth” program talking about wealth redistribution in response to the New Deal
176. What was the Court Packing Bill, and what was its purpose? FDR’s attempt to increase the number of judges serving
on the Supreme Court (replacing judges that didn’t agree with him to those who did) in order to get more of his New Deal
reforms passed into law
177. Why did FDR and Congress pass the Neutrality Acts? In order to keep the US from any practices that might lead the
country into the growing war in Europe and the Pacific (World War II)
SSUSH19 The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World War II, especially
the growth of the federal government.
178. Who was A. Philip Randolph and what did he do? African American labor leader who led the “March on Washington”
to push for minority jobs
179. What happened at Pearl Harbor? The Japanese surprise attack, in an attempt to cripple the US Pacific Fleet and keep
the US out of the war, failed and brought the US into World War II
180. How did WWII affect immigrants living in the U.S.? German, Italian, and Japanese immigrants were stereotyped as
evil, distrusted, and many were seen as possible spies (led to a new wave of nativism in the US)
181. How did Pearl Harbor affect Japanese immigrants? In retaliation and to prevent any form of sabotage the government
order many Japanese Americans rounded up and placed in internment camps
182. What was the Lend-Lease program? The program that allowed the US to give financial and military aid to Allied
countries
183. What was the military significance of the Battle of Midway? It was the turning point in the Pacific Theater of WWII
184. What was the military significance of D-Day? It was the beginning of the Allied push to Berlin and the turning point of
WWII in Europe
185. What was the military significance of the Fall of Berlin? It was the end of WWII in Europe
186. What does it mean to mobilize for war? Every aspect of American life stopped and began focusing and producing for
the war effort
187. What does “war time conversion” mean? Reviving old factories to produce wartime materials and changing
production in factories to help the war effort (for example automobile manufacturers stopped making cars and started
making tanks & warplanes)
188. How did women “win” WWII? As many of the men left to fight the war overseas many women stepped up and took
on the mostly male-dominated jobs left empty yet still vital for the war effort
189. What was the Manhattan Project? The secret operation that developed the atomic bomb
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190. Who was Robert Oppenheimer? The lead scientist for the Manhattan Project
191. Where was the majority of the Manhattan Project conducted? Los Alamos, New Mexico
192. What cities did the U.S. drop atomic bombs on? Hiroshima & Nagasaki
193. Why were these cities chosen? These cities had not been bombed previously and they housed large numbers of
Japanese troops and factories developing war materials
194. Describe a few ways that the war in the Pacific theater was different from the war in Europe?
- The US used the “island hopping” tactic in the Pacific
-Most battles in the Pacific were fought in jungles and out of the way places, in Europe there were many battles
fought in cities
-The Japanese fought a much more unconventional war than the Germans and Italians
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EOC REVIEW QUESTIONS – UNIT 8
SSUSH20 The student will analyze the domestic and international impact of the Cold War on the United States.
195. What was the Marshall Plan? The effort to provide financial aid to any country in Europe if they rejected communism
196. What was the purpose of the Truman Doctrine? To help rebuild European countries after World War II in order to stop
the spread of communism
197. Who changed China in 1949? Mao Zadong
198. What was the Korean War all about? Preventing communism from spreading from North Korea into South Korea and
preventing the Soviet Union from further strengthening
199. How did Joseph McCarthy scare Americans? By claiming that the US State Department had been overrun with
communists and restarting another Red Scare to hunt down suspected communists
200. Describe how Fidel Castro came to power? 1959 Castro and Che Guevara led a communist revolution that took over
Cuba and removed Cuban President Zapata from power
201. Explain the Bays of Pigs? This was a failed attempt to reclaim Cuba and remove Castro from power that was
supported by the US (the failure embarrassed Kennedy’s administration)
202. What was the Cuban Missile Crisis? The attempt by the USSR to put nuclear missiles (aimed at the US) in Cuba that
brought the world to the brink of nuclear war
203. Why was the U.S. in Vietnam? In an attempt to stop communists North Vietnamese forces from conquering South
Vietnam (which was free)
204. What was the Tet Offensive? A major offensive by North Vietnam in 1968 caused increasing resentment to US
involvement in Vietnam
205. Explain 3 ways people protested the Vietnam War? Student protests & burning of draft cards
206. What happened with the Kent State Incident? The violence that erupted at Kent State escalated opposition to US
involvement in Vietnam
207. What was the U2 Incident? A U2 spy plane discovered nuclear missile sites in Cuba that lead to a nuclear stand off
between the US and USSR
SSUSH21 The student will explain the impact of technological development and economic growth on the United States,
1945-1975.
208. What is the Baby Boom? Dramatic increase in US births (population) immediately after World War II
209. What is a Levittown? Communities of mass produced housing in the 1950s
210. Why were Levittowns needed? To accommodate the growing number of families moving out of the cities and into the
suburbs
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211. Why did Eisenhower create the Interstate System? To improve national infrastructure and allow for rapid movement
of troops in case a of a Cold War emergency
212. Describe the impact television had presidential debates (Kennedy/Nixon, 1960)? For the 1st time in history television
(and a president’s image) help that candidate win the Presidency (to TV viewers Kennedy won the debate, for radio
listeners Nixon won the debate, Kennedy won the election)
213. How did live TV coverage help the Civil Rights Movement? Caused an increase of support for the Civil Rights
Movement and a push to pass Civil Rights legislation
214. How did A/C change were people could live after the 1950’s? Caused a major migration out of the North and into the
Sunbelt states
215. What was the Space Race? The competition between the US and USSR for who be hold the “firsts” (first in space, first
on moon, etc) into outer space
216. How did the Space Race change American education? Brought a much greater emphasis on the sciences and
mathematics
217. What was the Soviets first satellite? Sputnik I
218. Why did Sputnik scare Americans? Made the USSR a greater perceived threat than was originally thought
219. What did Kennedy promise about the Space Race? To put a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s
220. Who was the first man on the moon? Neil Armstrong
SSUSH21 The student will explain the impact of technological development and economic growth on the United States,
1945-1975.
221. What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965? Ended the use qualification tests to vote
222. What impact did Harry S. Truman have on segregation? Desegregated the US military after WWII
223. What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964? Legally ended segregation in all aspect of US society
224. Who was Martin Luther King Jr. ? Primary leader of the Civil Rights Movement
225. What was the importance of “I Have a Dream “ Speech? Preached against segregation and called for full integration of
US society
226. What was the importance of “letters from a Birmingham Jail”? pushed for the idea of nonviolent resistance
227. Who was Jackie Robinson? First man to integrate major league baseball
228. What was Brown Vs. Board of Education? Outlawed segregation in public schools
229. Who was against this ruling of Brown vs Board of Education? Southern states
230. Who were the Little Rock Five? The first 5 black students to integrate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas
(they required a military escort to get them into the school
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SSUSH22 The student will identify dimensions of the Civil Rights Movement, 1945-1970.
231. What was the Warren Court? The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren who presided over many of the big
landmark decisions of the mid-1900s
232. What specific cases did the Warren Court deal with? Brown v. Board, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of
1965, Gideon v. Wainwright, Miranda v. Arizona
233. What was Miranda vs. Arizona? Ruled that law enforcement must read an accused person their rights before placing
them in custody
234. Who was Robert Kennedy? JFK’s brother, Attorney General under JFK, and Democratic candidate for president in
1968
235. How did the world react to JFK’s death? Reaffirmed the power of the US government, gave Johnson the push he
needed to pass his policies through Congress
236. Who took office when JFK died? Lyndon B. Johnson
237. How is Lyndon B. Johnson? DELETE THIS QUESTION FROM YOUR LIST
238. What is the Great Society? Johnson’s reforms of US society that focused on poverty, education, healthcare
239. Name some of the programs of the Great Society? Medicare, Medicaid, National Endowment for the Arts &
Humanities, Job Corps, Head Start
240. How did the world react to MLK’s assassination? Fragmented the Civil Rights Movement
241. What tragedies occurred in 1968? MLK’s death, Robert Kennedy’s death, protests at the Democratic National
Convention, Tet Offensive
242. What is Medicare? Guaranteed healthcare to all Americans over 65
243. What is Medicaid? Healthcare assistance for the poor
244. What happened at the Democratic National Convention of 1968? Violent anti-Vietnam protests that encouraged more
protests
244. Explain what the Student Non- Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was and the tactics they used (consider sit-in
and freedom rides). A group of students who protested for equal rights through non-violent disobedience
245. Explain what the Southern Christian Leadership Conference was. A groups of working adults and church clergy (pastors
and such) that protested through boycotts
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EOC REVIEW QUESTIONS – UNIT 9
SSUSH24 The student will analyze the impact of social change movements and organizations of the 1960’s.
246. Explain what the National Organization of Women (NOW) was? Group that strove to bring women to full equality with
men in US society
247. What were NOW’s primary goals? Passage of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) and the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
248. Describe the different forms of Anti-Vietnam protest. Marches, “teach-ins”, draft dodging, protests
249. Who was Cesar Chavez and what movement was he responsible for creating? Founder of the United Farm Workers
(UFW), beginner of the national immigrant labor reform movement
250. Who was Rachel Carson? Author of Silent Spring and one of the beginners of the environmentalist movement
251 What book did Rachel Carson write and what movements and agencies was it responsible for helping create? Silent
Spring which helped start the Enviornmental Protection Agency (EPA)
252. Describe the rise of the Conservative movement. (Consider the candidacy of Barry Goldwater (1964) and the election of
Richard M. Nixon (1968). The Democratic Party (who was in power in the 1960s) were largely blamed for the civil unrest
and the Vietnam war. In 1968 American’s, seeking to turn society around for the better, elected conservative republican
Richard Nixon to the Presidency
SSUSH25 The student will describe changes in national politics since 1968.
253. Explain the how President Richard M. Nixon assisted in the opening of China. In an attempt to bring Vietnam to a rapid
end, Nixon negotiated to open China (one of North Vietnam’s big supporters) to trade with the US
254. Explain the Watergate scandal and how it led to the political downfall and eventual resignation of President Richard M.
Nixon. In an effort to guarantee his own reelection Nixon hired several spies to discover the plans of the Democrats in the
upcoming election. When this was discovered Nixon resigned his position, in lieu of impeachment. Nixon’s VP, Gerald
Ford, became President and pardoned Nixon of any connection to Watergate
255. Following the Watergate scandal Americans attitudes towards politics began to change- discuss those changes. Began a
progression of growing distrust in the US government
256. Analyze and discuss the presidency of Gerald Ford and its effect on American society. Ford presidency was plagued
with scandal and he lost the majority of his support when he pardoned Nixon from all wrongdoing in Watergate
257. Explain how Roe v. Wade (1973) and the Bakke decision for affirmative action impacted American society? Increased
the amount of civil liberties and civil rights given to every American
258. Explain how President Jimmy Carter used the Camp David Accords to promote peace in the Middle East. Be sure to list
both countries involved in the Camp David Accords. Carter brokered a mid-East peace treaty between Israel and Egypt (the
1st peace treaty between Israel and any middle eastern country
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259. Explain the events of the Iranian Revolution and the role of the United States in the aftermath. Muslim overthrow of
the Iranian government (Ayatollah Khomeini took power in Iran). In response the US gave refuge to overthrown Iranian
president Shah Pahlavi
260. Explain the Iranian Hostage Crisis and how President Jimmy Carter was ineffective in their release which eventually led
to his presidential downfall. In retaliation for Pahlavi being given refuge in the US, Khomeini ordered to takeover of the US
Embassy and the taking of American hostages. Carter had several failed negotiations to get the US hostages released but
all failed because Carter refused to turn over Pahlavi and refused to use military force to release them
261. What were Reaganomics? Reagan’s system of economics commonly known as “trickle-down economics” or supply
side economics that caused an economic boom in the 1980s
262. Explain the Iran- Contra Scandal. US agreed to trade weapons and money to the Iranians in exchange for the last 7
hostages from the Iranian Hostage Crisis which the Iranians in turn gave to the communist backed Contras fighting a
revolution in Nicaragua (this was a big scandal during Reagan’s presidency)
263. Explain the role of Ronald Reagan in the collapse of the Soviet Union. Reagan influenced Soviet leader Gorbachev to
institute capitalist reforms like glasnost & perestroika which would lead to giving Soviet citizens more voice and freedom
in the USSR
264. Explain the relationship between President Bill Clinton and Congress. (Be sure to include NAFTA and the impeachment
and acquittal) Clinton & Congress had a continually deteriorating relationship throughout his terms in office first when
Clinton superseded his powers as president by negotiating a foreign trade agreement (NAFTA) without Congressional
assistance or approval and then his commission of perjury (lying under oath) for his extramarital affair with White House
intern, Monica Lewinsky
265. Explain the 2000 election controversy and the role of the electoral college in the ensuing court case Gore v. Bush. Gore
won the popular vote and bush won the electoral vote (with a controversy happening over the votes in Florida). Bush’s
election with the electoral vote caused many Americans to questions the relevance of the electoral college
266. Explain the conflict in Iraq and how the United States reacted to the 9/11 attacks in Iraq and Afghanistan. In retaliation
for the 9/11 terrorist attacks the US vowed to hunt down Al Queda and other terrorist networks (who had a strong hold
in Afghanistan and has strong support in Iraq) and target any country who supported them