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Wv e wvant to be usefu

..and even interesting

Fast film for simple needs

hisSoVurIg( iiiodlel is demn-

onistr-atirig the KODAK

122 Movie

(ariicr la, low5 st-priced-

nIaI LIt1~ t in the

U .S.A.\. Shec is hasvirig funl,

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riakiiig,. ULLLcator0 S are be-

(lfiliiiii(f to betrexve In the

C laISS eS 1' 11I.iar tcLILtat k-ids

whiom iiobodx has exver

tiIL sted xsrY'tfi aunvithing pro-

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oui a tlieriie like "Por Que6JLiaiito I, ego TIHaCie."

his1 riiav be Ot, inIter eSt to xOuI aS a1 CitiZIri, but xVOnLma

liaxe aII rilti -ivet dill erit and tprotessionlal rise for- the carniera

ill an1 atIster titiie or scienititic iristiUrnierCHitaiori. N'OnI riaV

at to see xxii ch aim a ch1IIIitiaiizee IS uISIng arid inst neceLt a

leInS that can es/Lint natM SegAiierits ill aliiarthropod. I/Lt

VOLI think xVonI don1't hasIV C rOLigli light. Be adsvisest that

lie 1astcst Ot atv aila ble m s/sie filmis, LIaxvIighit iicLtex 41)0. canl

soltaiies HIn 50-foL/t suiper 8 ca.-rti idges for- processing(locaill\ to a blaick-anId bite positsvc. Kou 5\K 4-\ Rexver sat

7 1 i7 s thec rianic. Ma v ir tfi r cislg of it an

c\ psis~'Iii ci at O LIS O tf c ie rit Ko sdaknii1 )Vic camera2','s. OI-tl sthe lows st-pri One I/ct ts riiaiitii_l~1

,Cttiiit Ot thc 4 miri lens tro mi /' 2.7 Ldowni to f 26. (For-

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hi/i/ il/ d(7/5 it/c i/l / ith c e/s ? (vtsi /h (1i ii\k 4 A IR v sir / sitm

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wVsii't tIiiLlc i n the dliertiOu iV et. 13 ct ter k rio ws V sLIS

irors/ i eta rx design at o r/s~sO f co nii pa nlics tesiLl tot c /iim Ietc

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pssckct. riot antenna sir cable. he little caurtriidge Simiply LIis/opsiiito tfhe v ideop/laxer yosL w ill hast\ attatchiCs tLo VOsItu Set.

lfi ist I's too to lit siriste xbO sd \x'S 11t CUr ar t nit.

We' ricestest a geneIric steser ilits/r ili stalting( sirs p/ositisii. W\hichi

is that the bcst thing to havce in the car tr idge is suiper- S mov"ietulrn. For- very fIndmentaCl1 rea~SOInS: supe_)r 8 material Is ex-tant in v5 ast protLisio1n aInd IS alSo_ VCerx Ine\XperISIxve to crea"tefriesh (tor cxamlp/c. re'i/r rlrc camera showi (it Pc/a. For sLib-jet ia'tral thait inerst orec than a single f milxk or- Class-

roomi, at mIItrltitidC Ot processors acr oss the land stand wil mg.2able, and caocr to delivcr as tecw as 5 Lr11iflorm1. StanfdardjiedsnperScoies or dst IIbto Io make the prin't order

500.000 Hinstead ot' _` IS alSO p)ossible sWitli supe-r S. bnt CCeO-niomiics does niot d lcrmlr( a hLuge anddiceic.

Donit we all keep) tel'lingy on Set\Sestht We are mIdixVduaLKS.thait we dion't nccssaii lv Thai eour neiglhbor's petcer encs InIall th rugs, that lit c at thec broadest Common denomminatorsomeitimeis PaIls?

Othertwise. why 'I videcoplaycr at all'?

The shape of the landD)eC1nIber LOW cOloud COVxersImICIh Of America.I~1 SoOl theSIIOWdr ft Conltour-sVIxilcb the Shape ot thc aind. Ski-timeiNot a g,ood tlillc for pliotogirapliic air SLII'\ Cx to hiett titirihloW to LISe theC arid for Other Outdoor CCI-Cation Or OtherneedCS Of an1 ur ban neCd SOietxV. \rid where riot to tI-ix SIrieit. Not at good tiriiecciCVitIrIrraiigeriiets xwitli good aer i:lStirsVC\ houIseS CoUld be rIiade ri1SLItntarreoSlv. Good tlime is~ai shor-t teie od 'II t lie s pi-)1rigLtSt betoreC theC treeCS teatf 0rt

VtLIon iirSS that. son1 Imax xxat near lx1 a x err tor a trvxIinthealt. I et uIS Senld xOLon ieh1t 1Mow theC nMeIs Ot theC aerH1atStirxexhOuISeS xxvc knrosx. \Iost ot tlciie r atOs iodoLISHiCSSr Iss II -liitS or ie\ istrig( aeialI~ titi0to(eratitiS. JI it tiOSSIhitx theCtilioto"r atihxVOIr ricedi has at cadsk beenI dIone./w0/1cis ii(mtc(' (i//k 1)c pi. 926. 1is h/irsit1 Ko(/UA C tttii/)ili

is is l ic imi / 5),isI's isicc Kodak Piibi ceaitis ji/i is 5 s/s/it.

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S( rENCF, VOL. 170

world" waiting on tables to stay alive,towns whose only building that is notair conditioned is the library-is part-ly a result of the government's laissez-faire attitude toward what is not a

commercial enterprise. The Ford Foun-dation's vice president McNeil Lowryhas noted that artistic standards havebecome "generalized and popularized"when subjected to the laws of themarketplace.The argument that art and the state

don't mix has become nearly obsoletein face of the fact that private sources

are inadequate to supply the financialsupport needed by the arts to experi-ment and flourish. Far from preemptingthe fields in which it operates, NFAHgrants serve as magnets to attract otherfunds, and, for every federal dollarspent, well over $3 in outside money

has been generated. As Keeney says,

"There's nothing like money to attractmoney." The respectability conferredby government endorsement of a pro-

gram is also attractive. One witness atcongressional hearings claimed thatcorporation boards whose philanthropiccontributions had been limited to the"kids and dogs" category were becom-ing emboldened to dip into culturalactivities.

Careful Selection

The NFAH procedure for selectingprojects for funding was meticulouslydesigned to avoid any suggestion ofgovernment manipulation. Once a pro-

gram is designated by an endowment'scouncil, project applications are invited.The staff forwards feasible-looking ap-

plications to selected specialists and toappropriate members of large, multi-disciplinary "peer panels" (whosenames are kept confidential to spare

them harassment) for criticism and rec-

ommendations. The applications thenundergo exhaustive screening by thecouncil, which meets privately fourtimes a year. The chairman must ap-prove the final selections. The responsi-bility for grant selection is diffused bythe requirement that the entire councilmust vote on every sum over $10,000.

Congress has found little cause forcomplaint in the Foundation's mode ofoperation. One exception was an up-roar in the House occasioned by certaincolorful-sounding projects, most notablya study of 19th century comic strips.Several members chose the occasion

to call for a termination of "handouts"to individuals under the arts program,an alarming prospect since grants toindividual artists go to the core of cre-

1182

ative activity. Some observers thinkthat the problem was simply one ofpublic relations-if the comic stripshad been caJed ."visua1 satire," for in-stance, the project would have met withno objections.On the whole, staffs and councils

feel that Congress leans over backwardto avoid imposing its preferences. Still,they look forward to being granted a

permanent lease on life (they were

granted a 3-year extension this year)."We're so small that if Congressmakes any cuts they could kill us," saidone arts council member. "I would likeus to get bigger and feel we were a

permanent part of the scene." The sizeof the budget leaves little leeway formistakes, and staff members feel strong-ly that they must have enough free-dom to take risks. "Congress jumpeddown our throats for including one

example of concrete poetry-poetrywhich relies on visual effect-in a liter-ary anthology [a one-word poem:

Lighght]," said one. "If a scientist does100 experiments and succeeds the101st time he's called a success-butif an artist goofs after 100 successes

he's judged by the failure." The com-

parison, while overdrawn, reflects thedefensive stance humanists have as-

sumed in recent decades in responseto uncritical public support of scienceand technology.The NFAH, for all its hundreds of

programs, remains in the pilot stage.Next year will be the first in which itsbeneficence outstrips that of the FordFoundation's contributions to arts andhumanities, which, this year, amounts toabout $20 million. Witnesses at thisspring's hearings estimated that some

$150 million a year per endowmentwould be required to make a real dentin the country's cultural scene.

But the ball is rolling. The Founda-tion has always had a solid base of bi-partisan support in Congress, and in-siders believe the agency has success-

fully kept its nose above governmentalpolitics. Congressional opposition, al-most entirely limited to the House,has dwindled to some ritualistic carp-ing-and Senator Strom Thurmond(D-S.C.), who 5 years ago labeled thewhole idea unconstitutional, was recent-ly to be found introducing one of thewitnesses at the 1970 hearings. Presscoverage is favorable, particularly forthe more visible activities of the arts

endowment.Some observers, Keeney among them,

think that ultimately the interests ofboth humanists and scientists would be

best served if NFAH and NSF were

merged into a single National Founda-tion for the advancement of research,education, and the arts. (RepresentativeEmilio Daddario's subcommittee recom-

mended a similar body in the formof a National Institute of Researchand Advanced Studies.) Such a bodywould be a public symbol of the inter-relationship of all branches of knowl-edge and could more effectively supportprograms in which the respective pur-

poses of scientists and humanists merge.

Most arts people, however, wouldstrongly resist such a combination sincethey feel their identity and objectiveswould be drowned in a large, multi-purpose organization. A more fruitfulalliance, they suggest, might be with thecultural exchange programs of the StateDepartment.The marriage of convenience, as

many regard it, between the arts andhumanities may one day be dissolvedin a government reshuffle. But rightnow the Foundation is young and happy,and many would agree with a staffmember who calls it "the most excitingthing in government." As a federal agen-

cy devoted to spreading truth andbeauty rather than combating miseryand evil, the Foundation is rare in-deed. And it will have further claimto distinction if its spirited and in-dividualistic approach to its job can

survive bureaucratic maturity.-CONSTANCE HOLDEN

(This concludes a two-part series.)

1RDECENT DEATHSC. Ralph Arthur, 53; president, Fer-

rum Junior College; 13 October.Anna Bartsch-Dunne, 93; former

professor of histology and experimentalphysiology, Howard University; 13October.Myron L. Begeman, 77; professor

emeritus of mechanical engineering,University of Texas; 25 October.Edward B. Blackman, 53; professor

of humanities and education, MichiganState University; 15 October.Raymond B. Blakney, 74; former

president, Olivet College; 24 October.Dan F. Bradley, 41; professor of

polymer chemistry, Polytechnic Insti-tute; 31 October.

Joseph N. Spencer, 62; associate pro-fessor of pharmacology, University ofSouth Dakota School of Medicine; 30September.

SCIENCE, VOL. 170

cation of a symposium of this kind runsthe risk of making the book out of date.However, this volume has the distinctadvantage of providing a unique syn-thesis of the ultrastructural and bio-chemical aspects of a limited range ofinterrelated topics. Because of this inter-relation, it is particularly unfortunatefor the reader that this book does nothave a subject index. Nor does the bookcontain any discussion, and the refer-ences are given without titles or fullpagination. In spite of these shortcom-ings, the volume is of considerable valueboth as an introduction to the field forthe novice and as an important sourceof information and reference materialfor the specialist.

BRUCE S. MCEWENRockefeller University,New York City

Books Received

Advances in Chemical Engineering. Vol.8. Thomas B. Drew, Giles R. Cokelet,John W. Hoopes, Jr., and Theodore Ver-meulen, Eds. Academic Press, New York,1970. xii, 386 pp., illus. $18.50.Alaska Wilderness. Exploring the Cen-

tral Brooks Range. Robert Marshall. Uni-versity of California Press, Berkeley, ed.2, 1970. xlii, 176 pp., illus. + plates.Cloth, $6.95; paper, $2.25.The Analysts of Air Pollutants. W.

Leithe. Translated from the German edi-tion (Stuttgart, 1968) by R. Kondor. AnnArbor-Humphrey, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1970.x, 304 pp., illus. $18.75.

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Ap-plications in Agriculture, Biology, andMedicine. Gary D. Christian and FredricJ. Feldman. Wiley-Interscience, New York,1970. xxii, 490 pp., illus. $16.50.

British Palaeozoic Fossils. Trustees ofthe British Museum (Natural History),London, ed. 3, 1969. x, 208 pp., illus.Paper, 13s. Publication No. 624.

Capital Budgeting. A Quantitative Eval-uation of Investment Alternatives. RobertV. Oakford. Ronald Press, New York,1970. xii, 276 pp., illus. $9.A Child's Mind. How Children Learn

during the Critical Years from Birth toAge Five. Muriel Beadle. Doubleday,Garden City, N.Y., 1970. xxvi, 294 pp.,illus. $6.95.The Chimpanzee. Vol. 3, Immunology,

Infections, Hormones, Anatomy, and Be-havior of Chimpanzees. G. H. Bourne,Ed. University Park Press, Baltimore, Md.,1970. x, 402 pp., illus. $28.50.Contemporary Readings in Psychology.

John M. Foley, Russell A. Lockhart, andDavid M. Messick, Eds. Harper and Row,New York, 1970. x, 470 pp., illus. Paper,$4.95.

Description and Comparison in Cul-tural Anthropology. Ward H. Good-enough. Aldine, Chicago, 1970. xiv, 174

1188

pp., illus. $6.95. The Lewis Henry MorganLectures, 1968.

Developments in Water Quality Re-search. Proceedings of an internationalconference, Jerusalem, June 1969. HillelI. Shuval, Ed. Ann Arbor-Humphrey, AnnArbor, Mich., 1970. xvi, 312 pp., illus.$17.50.

Dominica. A Chance for a Choice.Some Considerations and Recommenda-tions on Conservation of the Island'sNatural Resources. Conservation Founda-tion, Washington, D.C., 1970. 48 pp., illus.Paper, $2.

Eco-Catastrophe. The Editors of Ram-parts. Harper and Row, New York, 1970.xiv, 158 pp., illus. + plates. $3.95.

Effective Study. Francis P. Robinson.Harper and Row, New York, ed. 4, 1970.xiv, 304 pp., illus. Paper, $5.95.

Estimation and Control with QuantizedMeasurements. Renwick E. Curry. M.I.T.Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1970. xiv, 126pp., illus. $10. M.I.T. Research Mono-graph No. 60.

Functions of Mathematical Physics.Barry Spain and M. G. Smith. Van No-strand Reinhold, New York, 1970. xii,208 pp. $12.50. New University Mathe-matics Series.

General Chemistry. Experiment andTheory. Richard H. Eastman. Holt, Rine-hart and Winston, New York, 1970. xxii,602 pp., illus. $13.95.

Genetic Disorders of Man. Richard M.Goodman, Ed. Little, Brown, Boston,1970. xviii, 1010 pp., illus. $38.50.

Genetic Resources in Plants. Their Ex-ploration and Conservation. 0. H. Fran-kel, E. Bennett, R. D. Brock, A. H. Bunt-ing, J. R. Harlan, and E. Schreiner, Eds.Published for the International BiologicalProgramme by Davis, Philadelphia, 1970.xxii, 554 pp., illus. + plates. $17.50. IBPHandbook No. 11.

Infrared System Engineering. RichardD. Hudson, Jr. Wiley-Interscience, NewYork, 1969. xxviii, 642 pp., illus. $19.75.Wiley Series in Pure and Applied Optics.An Introduction to Spectroscopic Meth-

ods for the Identification of Organic Com-pounds. Vol. 1, Nuclear Magnetic Reso-nance and Infrared Spectroscopy. F.Scheinmann, Ed. Pergamon, New York,1970. x, 202 pp., illus. Cloth, $7; paper,$4.75.An Introductory Course in Practical

Organic Chemistry. F. D. Gunstone, D. M.Smith, and J. T. Sharp. Methuen, London,1970 (U.S. distributor, Barnes and Noble).xvi, 174 pp., illus. $5.50.

Laboratory Manual for Chemistry. ABrief Introduction. John W. Dawson.Saunders, Philadelphia, 1970. viii, 140 pp.,illus. Paper, $3.75. Saunders Golden Series.Language Development. Form and

Function in Emerging Grammars. LoisBloom. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Mass.,1970. xiv, 270 pp., illus. $8.95. M.I.T.Research Monograph No. 59.

The Law Relating to Activities of Manin Space. S. Houston Lay and Howard J.Taubenfeld. University of Chicago Press,Chicago, 1970. xiv, 334 pp. $17.50.Man and Wildlife. C. A. W. Guggis-

berg. Arco, New York, 1970. 224 pp.,illus. + plates. $12.50.

Materials for Ocean Engineering. KoichiMasubuchi. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge,Mass., 1970. xiv, 544 pp., illus. Paper,$9.50.New Directions in Psychology 4. Ken-

neth H. Craik, Benjamin Kleinmuntz,Ralph L. Rosnow, Robert Rosenthal, J. A.Cheyne, and R. H. Walters. Holt, Rine-hart and Winston, New York, 1970. x,382 pp., illus. Paper, $3.95.

The- New Elementary School Science.Willard J. Jacobson. Van Nostrand Rein-hold, New York, 1970. xii, 580 pp., illus.$8.95.

Nitrenes. Walter Lwowski, Ed. Inter-science (Wiley), New York, 1970. xiv,457 pp., illus. $23.50.Numerical Control. Nils 0. Olesten.

Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1970. xvi,646 pp., illus. $19.95.Numerical Methods that Work. Forman

S. Acton. Harper and Row, New York,1970. xviii, 542 pp., illus. $12.95.The Pencil of Nature. William Henry

Fox Talbot. Da Capo, New York, 1969.Unpaged, illus. $35. A facsimile of the1844-1846 edition with a new introduc-tion by Beaumont Newhall.

Physical Anthropology. T. Dale Stew-art, Ed. University of Texas Press, Aus-tin, 1970. x, 296 pp., illus. $15. Hand-book of Middle American Indians, vol. 9.

Pieces of the Action.- Vannevar Bush.Morrow, New York, 1970. xiv, 366 pp.$8.95.

Preliminary Bibliography of the CholLacandon, Yucatec Lacandon, Chol, Itza,Mopan, and Quejache of the SouthernMaya Lowlands, 1524-1969. Nicolas M.Hellmuth. Museum of Anthropology, Uni-versity of Northern Colorado, Greeley,1970. xviii, 114 pp. Paper, $2. KATUNOB,Occasional Publications in MesoamericanAnthropology, No. 4.The Present Status of the Uto-Aztekan

Languages of Mexico. An Index of DataBearing on Their Survival, GeographicalLocation and Internal Relationships.James R. Jaquith. Museum of Anthropol-ogy, University of Northern Colorado,(ireeley, 1970. 80 pp. Paper, $1.25.KATUNOB, Occasional Publications inMesoamerican Anthropology, No. 5.Recent Progress in Hormone Research.

Vol. 26. Proceedings of a conference,Mont Tremblant, Quebec, August 1969.E. B. Astwood, Ed. Academic Press, NewYork, 1970. xii, 712 pp., illus. $35.

Reconstructing Prehistoric Pueblo So-cieties. William A. Longacre, Ed. Uni-versity of New Mexico -Press, Albuquer-que, 1970. xii, 248 pp., illus. $8.50. Schoolof American Research Advanced SeminarSeries.

Sets. William W. Fairchild and CassiusIonescu Tulcea. Saunders, Philadelphia,1970. x, 122 pp., illus. Paper, $4.50.Theory of Groundwater Flow. A. Ver-

ruijt. Gordon and Breach, New York,1970. x, 190 pp., illus. $10; to libraries,$19.50. Civil Engineering Hydraulics Se-ries.

Traditional Balinese Culture. Jane Belo,Ed. Columbia University Press, NewYork, 1970. xxviii, 422 pp., illus. +plates. Through 31 December 1970,$17.50; thereafter, $20.

SCIENCE, VOL. 170

The SolutionTo OxygenUptake &

Evolution

Uptake rates of 3 to 300ul 02/hr can be monitoredwith 1% accuracy on YSIoxygen instruments, andthe curves plotted on most100 mv recorders.You can use extra small

samples, as little as 1 ml ofsubstrate, add inhibitorsand activators easily, and

complete most experimentsin S to 15 minutes.

Speed is up to 200 timesfaster, and sensitivity upto 25 times greater than

manometric techniques.

Write for specs, plus a

research bibliography.You'll see YSI instruments

are the best solution to

studies of oxygen uptakeand evolution.

1240

cyclical nature of a great part of Hu-ronian sedimentation may be explainedin terms of repeated glacial advanceand retreat.

H. J. Hofmann (University of Mon-treal) provided many excellent exam-

ples of the diversity of life in the Pre-cambrian. He also described a numberof remarkable pseurdofossils, includingstructures from the upper Huronianformerly considered as possible meta-zoans (see cover of Science, 28 April1967). These structures are now inter-preted as sand-filled shrinkage cracks,with corrugations formed by longitu-dinal compression.

J. A. Donaldson (Carleton Univer-sity) summarized paleocurrent data forthe Proterozoic rocks of the CanadianShield and pointed out that, with fewexceptions, the general pattern is centrif-ugal from a point somewhere in Hud-son Bay. It was pointed out that at leastpart of Hudson Bay (Belcher Islands) isunderlain by early Proterozoic rocksand that a source for these sedimentsmust be sought. Donaldson's presenta-tion was a good example of what P. E.Potter and F. J. Pattijohn have called"beyond basin analysis"-paleocurrentanalysis on the continentwide scale.

Presentation together of results fromArchean and Proterozoic areas reem-

phasized the differences between rocksof different ages and, indeed, betweenArchean rocks of different areas. Moredetailed petrographic and paleocurrentstudies of Archean sedimentary rocksare urgently needed if the nature ofgreenstone belts and their relationshipsto the original sedimentary basins are

to be understood. The Proterozoic sedi-mentary rocks, because of their greaterdiversity and their similarity to Phaner-ozoic rocks, provide ample opportunityfor comparison with the younger se-

quences. Precambrian stratigraphersand sedimentologists should be cogni-zant of current developments in thestudy of the Phanerozoic "overburden."Several persons emphasized the needfor interdisciplinary study of the Pre-cambrian.The symposium was sponsored by

the University of Western Ontario, theNational Research Council of Canada,and Denison Mines Limited.

GRANT M. YOUNGDepartment of Geology,University of Western Ontario,London, Canada

Reference

1. F. J. Pettijohn, Btull. Geol. Soc. Amtier. 54,925 (1943).

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