naim article11
TRANSCRIPT
Control strategies of the mechanical speed for the wind turbine
N. Cherfia *, D. Kerdoun ** and A. Boumassata **.LGEC – Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Constantine 1 University, 25000 Constantine, AlgeriaPhone: +213780102155, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
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Plan Introduction & objectives
Wind turbine generators (WTGS)
Modeling of different parts of the WECS and power
control
Simulation and results
Conclusion
2
INTRODUCTION
3
Introduction & Objectives
4
• Now day, wind energy has become a viable solution forenergy production, in addition to other renewable energysources. One way of generating electricity from renewablesources is to use wind turbines that convert the energycontained in flowing air into electricity.
• With increased penetration of wind power into electricalgrids, DFIG wind turbines are largely deployed due to theirvariable speed feature and hence influencing systemdynamics. This has created an interest in developingsuitable models for DFIG to be integrated into powersystem studies.
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Introduction & Objectives
• Up to this moment, the amount of wind power integratedinto large‐scale electric power systems only covers a smallpart of the total power system load. The rest of the powersystem load is for the largest part covered by conventionalthermal, nuclear, and hydropower plants.
• This paper presents the modeling and simulation of a windturbine doubly-fed induction generator in wind farm. TheMatlab/Simulink/SimPowerSystems software is used todevelop the model for simulation of wind power systems
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1. Hub controller 11. Blade bearing2. Pitch cylinder 12. Blade3. Main shaft 13. Rotor lock system4. Oil cooler 14. Hydraulic unit5. Gearbox 15. Machine foundation6. Top Controller 16. Yaw gears7. Parking Break 17. Generator8. Service crane 18. Ultra-sonic sensors9. Transformer 19. Meteorological gauges10. Blade Hub
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1617
12
5
12
Nacelle Components
Introduction & Objectives
Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical energy and then into electrical energy.
Grid
kinetic Energy
Mechanical Energy
Electrical Energy
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Introduction & Objectives
The main Objectives of the presentation are:1.Realize a Wind Energy Conversion
System (WECS) with low cost.
2. Control the stator active and reactive powers and extract the maximum power to Prove the efficiency and to demonstrate the performance of the system.
GridPECGeneratorTurbine Gear-box
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WIND TURBINE GENERATORS (WTGs)
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Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs)
GridPECGeneratorTurbine Gear-box
The important parts in this figure are:
Generators & Power Electronic Converters.
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Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs)
2. Variable Speed Wind Turbine (VSWT).
1. Fixed Speed Wind Turbine (FSWT).
WTGs can be classified into two parts:
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Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs)
1. Fixed Speed Wind Turbine (FSWT).
The generator is connected directly to the grid without any intermediate of PEC.
× No active & reactive power control.× Low energy yield.
Gearbox SCIG GridGearbox SCIG Grid
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Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs)
2. Variable Speed Wind Turbine:
Full Scale Frequency Converter (FSFC).
Partial Scale Frequency Converter (PSFC).
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Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs)
VSWT with FSFC :
Wound Rotor Synchronous Generator (WRSG).
Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Generator (PMSG).
× Higher cost on PEC and× they have also large size.
Gearbox WRSG / PMSG GridPEC GridPEC GridPEC GridPEC GridPECGearbox GridPEC GridPEC
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Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs)
VSWT with PSFC :
Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Generator (BDFIG). Brushless Doubly Fed Reluctance Generator (BDFRG).
BDFIG or BDGRG or DFIG
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Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs)
Inconvenient of BDFIG and BDFRG:
Early technical stage.
Complex controllability, design and assembly.
High losses on gear.
And BDFRG is larger size than DFIG16
Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs)
High energy yield.
Advantages of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)
High active/reactive power controllability.
Lower cost on PEC.
Compact size.
Lower losses by PEC.
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Proposed system
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The proposed system is constituted of DFIG & PWM,SVM.
MODELING OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WECS AND POWER CONTROL
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Modeling of different parts of the WECS and Power control
1. Modeling of different parts of the WECS.
2. Power control.
Modeling of different parts of the WECS and Power control
Modeling of the Turbine.
Modeling of the DFIG.
1. Modeling of different parts of the WECS:
VpCRpmtC ppmtpmtpmmP 3
1..2...21.
=== λπρ
Modeling of the Turbine The model is based on the characteristics of steady state power of the turbine :
Modeling of different parts of the WECS and Power control
1. Modeling of different parts of the WECS:
The power coefficient is:
Λ−
−−−Λ
=1
543216)1(),(
cxp ecccccC βββλ
31035.0
08.011
βλ +−
+=
Λ
21,5,0,4.0,116,5.0 654321 ====== cccccc
0 5 10 15 20 25-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
X: 10.01Y: 0.4353
report of the tip speed lambda
Pow
er c
oeffi
cien
t Cp B=2°
B=10°
B=15°
B=5°
B=20°
1
1
vR⋅Ω
=λ
Modeling of different parts of the WECS and Power control
Modeling of the DFIG
++=
−+=
++=
−+=
rdrrqdtd
rqirRrqVrqrrddt
drdirRrdV
sdssqdtd
sqisRsqVsqssddt
dsdisRsdV
ϕωϕ
ϕωϕ
ϕωϕ
ϕωϕ
..
..
..
..
+=+=+=+=
sqiLmrqirLrqsdiLmrdirLrd
rqiLmsqisLsqrdiLmsdisLsd
........
ϕϕϕϕ
−=+=
sqisdVsdisqVsQsqisqVsdisdVsP
....
−= sdisqsqisdpemC ... ϕϕ
1. Modeling of different parts of the WECS:
Modeling of different parts of the WECS and Power control
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT).
2. Power control
Independent control of stator active and reactive power.
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𝜴𝜴𝒕𝒕
β
𝑽𝑽𝒗𝒗 𝟏𝟏𝑮𝑮
𝟏𝟏𝑮𝑮
𝟏𝟏𝑱𝑱𝑱𝑱 + 𝒇𝒇
𝑪𝑪𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆
𝑪𝑪𝒆𝒆
𝑹𝑹𝜴𝜴𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒆
𝑽𝑽𝒗𝒗
𝑪𝑪𝒑𝒑.𝝆𝝆𝟐𝟐
. 𝑱𝑱.𝑽𝑽𝒗𝒗𝟑𝟑.𝟏𝟏𝜴𝜴𝒕𝒕
𝜴𝜴𝒆𝒆
PI G 𝝀𝝀𝒐𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒕𝒕.𝑽𝑽𝒗𝒗
𝑹𝑹
𝑪𝑪𝒕𝒕
𝜴𝜴𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒇𝒇
λ
Control device with control of the speed mechanical
Turbine Multiplier Tree
𝜴𝜴𝒆𝒆
Sbb o+1
PI Controller with Anticipation1.
. 01
+
+
SS aa
τPI Controller with Phase Advance
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT).
Modeling of different parts of the WECS and Power control
2. Power control Independent control of stator active and reactive power.
+++=
−+=
sLsVMsrdirLssdt
rqdirLrqirRrqV
rqirLssdtrddi
rLrdirRrdV
.........
.......
σωσ
σωσ
−=
−=
rdisL
MsV
sLssV
sQ
rqisL
MsVsP
...2
..
ω
The rotor voltages can be written according to the rotor currents as:
And the active and reactive stator powers of the DFIG are expressed by:
0
d,q frame
Stator axis
𝜽𝜽𝒆𝒆
𝜽𝜽𝑱𝑱
𝜽𝜽𝒕𝒕
𝑶𝑶 𝑱𝑱𝒔𝒔
𝑶𝑶 𝒕𝒕𝒔𝒔
𝑶𝑶 𝒕𝒕𝒓𝒓
𝑶𝑶 𝒅𝒅
𝑶𝑶 𝒒𝒒
𝑽𝑽 𝑱𝑱
𝝋𝝋 𝑱𝑱 𝑶𝑶 𝑱𝑱𝒓𝒓
0, == ϕϕϕ sqssd
SIMULATION AND RESULTS
27
28
DFIG
𝜔𝜔𝑟𝑟𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟σ
PI
𝜔𝜔𝑟𝑟𝐿𝐿𝑚𝑚𝜔𝜔𝑠𝑠𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠
𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
PI
𝜔𝜔𝑟𝑟𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟σ
−𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠𝐿𝐿𝑚𝑚𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠
−𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠𝐿𝐿𝑚𝑚𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠
PI
PI
𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2
𝜔𝜔𝑠𝑠𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑠
𝑃𝑃𝑠𝑠
𝑄𝑄𝑠𝑠
𝑖𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
𝑖𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑠𝑠 𝑉𝑉𝑟𝑟𝑠𝑠𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
𝑉𝑉𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
𝑖𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑠𝑠𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
𝑖𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
𝑃𝑃𝑠𝑠𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
𝑄𝑄𝑠𝑠𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
Simulation and resultsThe simulation is done by imposing active and reactive power reference (Pref ,Qref)While the machine is entailed in variable speed
0,. _ == QPP refoptmref η
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0 1 2 3 40
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
time [s]
Mec
hani
cal s
peed
(tr/m
in)
anticipation
0 1 2 3 4-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2x 10
5
time [s]
act
ive
pow
er [W
]
anticipation
PmesPref
0 1 2 3 4-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1x 10
5
time [s]
reac
tive
pow
er [V
AR
]
anticipation
QmesQref
0 1 2 3 40
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
time [s]
Mec
hani
cal s
peed
(tr/m
in)
phase advance
0 1 2 3 4-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2x 10
5
time [s]
act
ive
pow
er [W
]
phase advance
PmesPref
0 1 2 3 4-1
0
1
2
3
4x 10
4
time [s]
reac
tive
pow
er [V
AR
]
phase advance
Qmes
Qref
A. PI Controller with Anticipation
B. PI Controller with Phase Advance
Simulation and results
CONCLUSION
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Conclusion
31
In our work, we have established the model of the machine using its power equations in the dq axis system related to synchronization. We have also developed the method of vector control power of
the machine to know the order.The two methods of maximizing power were almost granny
gives results (speed mechanical, power active and reactive) the only difference and the transient time in the case of PI with big anticipation and compared PI phase advance.
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For your
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