na ii ppt module 2
TRANSCRIPT
Module Title: Oxygen Therapy-Set Up and Monitoring Flow Rate
Oxygen Therapy Oxygen is necessary for life. Oxygen is obtained
through inhalation unless a disease process prevents enough oxygen from feeding the body’s tissues.
Every cell in the human body produces the waste product: carbon dioxide (CO2)
CO2 is transported via venous blood to the lungs where it is eliminated through exhaling.
Death results if CO2 levels become too high due to lack of elimination
You will care for many patients who have problems related to the respiratory system.
Oxygen TherapySigns and Symptoms of Decreased Oxygenation:Changes in skin color-dusky, pale, blue or grayChanges in color of lips, nail beds, mucous membranes,
lining of the mouthCool, clammy skinSlow, rapid or irregular breathingShortness of Breath or dyspnea (difficult/labored
breathing)Noisy breathingGasping for breathChanges in mental status- restlessness, confusion,
drowsinessTachycardia
Oxygen TherapyOxygen is a prescription item that requires a
doctor’s orderDoctor will specify method of administration
and amount of flowNA II’s/PCT’s are not permitted to start, stop
or change the flow rate of oxygen unless you are trained in the procedure, permitted to do it in your facility and have an order to make the change
Oxygen Therapy3 Main Oxygen Sources
Wall OxygenCylinder Oxygen
Oxygen Concentrator
Oxygen TherapyWall Oxygen-
In the hospital setting, oxygen is pumped directly into the patient’s room through a wall outlet
A flow meter is plugged into the outlet to control the amount of O2 administered to the patient
After attaching a meter to the outlet, turn the knob to the right (clockwise) to start the flow of O2
Oxygen TherapyO2 flow rate is measured in liters per
minute (l/m)Green is the standard label color
coding for O2May require a humidifier bottle to
moisten the oxygen before it enters the patient. This is done to prevent drying out of the sinuses and nasal passages
Oxygen TherapyHumidifier BottlesUsed with high flow rates of O2Moisten the membranes of the nose, sinuses, throat, and lungs
When operating properly, the water should be bubbling
Oxygen TherapyCan be prefilled/disposable or refillableMust use distilled water in refillable
bottles to prevent Legionnaires diseaseAre not required for flow rates below 5
liters but follow your facility policy for use of humidifier bottles
Bottles should be changed/refilled per facility policy and initialed and dated at the time of the change/refill
Oxygen TherapyCylinder Oxygen:Portable cylinders are used for transporting patients
from one area to another, for emergencies and for other areas without piped in O2.
There are various sizes of portable oxygen tanks. Each tanks requires a specific type of gauge
Gauges show how much oxygen is in the tank and how much pressure the oxygen is under
Portable tanks are considered empty when the pressure reaches 500 pounds.
How long a tank will last depends on the rate of O2 flowPortable tanks should always be secured in a base or
chained to a wall or carrier. Cylinders can explode when dropped.
Oxygen TherapyOxygen Concentrators-Used mainly in long-term care facilitiesDo NOT contain oxygen but convert room air to
oxygen then deliver it to the patientConcentrators are portable and also noisy, hot and
require electricity to runConcentrators can only handle small flow rates of
less than 5 l/mThis is the most economical method of O2 delivery
Oxygen TherapyDelivery methods
Nasal CannulaFace Mask
Trachea Collar
Oxygen TherapyNasal Cannula-Is a small tube with two slightly curved
prongs that fit into the patient’s nostrilsThe curve should point inward when inserted
into the noseUsed for low liter flowsAvailable in adult and pediatric sizesThe type of administration set will be decided
by the doctor based on patient needs
Oxygen Therapy Face Masks-
Simple Mask- fits over the patient’s nose, mouth and chin
Small tube connects the mask to the O2 sourceUsed with high flow rates and for mouth breathersShould NOT be used for flow rates under 5 liters
because it may cause re-breathing of exhaled CO2 and have a smothering effect
Special masks are used for tracheostomy patients
Oxygen TherapyNonrebreathing Mask- is a modification of the
simple mask.Use for patients with sever hypoxemia (insufficient
oxygen in the blood)Has one-way plastic flaps on the sides of the mask
that allow the exhalations to escape but outside air cannot enter
A reservoir bag is connected to the bottom of the mask and should be inflated at all times and should not collapse more than halfway during inspirations
This type of mask increases the amount of O2 delivered to the patient
Oxygen TherapyAir Entrainment Mask/ Venturi Mask-Similar to a simple mask but has a large
plastic tube at the bottom of the mask where it connects to the O2 source
This mask mixes oxygen with room air to obtain the percentage of O2 ordered by the physician
The settings on the mask are changed according to the physician’s order
Do not allow the patient to adjust the settings
Oxygen TherapySafety Guidelines for Oxygen UseBefore initiating Oxygen check room for safetyPost “Oxygen in Use” signs over the bed and on the
door of the room OR according to facility policyAvoid sparks or static electricity which start a fireNever use flammable liquids such as nail polish
remover, adhesive tape remover, vaseline or electrical equipment such as blow dryers, shavers, fans radio or TV and even call bells before checking with the RN
Oxygen SafetySmoking is not allowed in the room Learn how to turn off Oxygen in
case of emergencyRespond to all alarms and strange
noises immediatelyRaise the head of the bed to ease
breathing