n5 sample paper ms

Total marks — 60

SECTION 1 — DEMOCRACY IN SCOTLAND AND THE UNITED KINGDOM — 20 marksAttempt ONE part, EITHERPart A Democracy in Scotland Pages 2–4ORPart B Democracy in the United Kingdom Pages 5–7

SECTION 2 — SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM — 20 marksAttempt ONE part, EITHERPart C Social Inequality Pages 8–10ORPart D Crime and the Law Pages 11–13

SECTION 3 — INTERNATIONAL ISSUES — 20 marksAttempt ONE part, EITHERPart E World Powers Pages 14–16ORPart F World Issues Pages 17–19

Before attempting the questions you must check that your answer booklet is for the same subject and level as this question paper.

Read the questions carefully.

On the answer booklet, you must clearly identify the question number you are attempting.

Use blue or black ink.

Before leaving the examination room you must give your answer booklet to the Invigilator. If you do not, you may lose all the marks for this paper.

N5SQ31/N5/01 Modern Studies

Date — Not applicable

Duration — 1 hour and 30 minutes

*SQ31N501*

©

NationalQualicationsSPECIMEN ONLY

MARKS

Page two

SECTION 1 — DEMOCRACY IN SCOTLAND AND THE UNITED KINGDOM — 20 marks

Attempt ONE part, either

Part A — Democracy in Scotland on pages 2–4

OR

Part B — Democracy in the United Kingdom on pages 5–7

PART A — DEMOCRACY IN SCOTLAND

In your answers to Questions 1 and 2 you should give recent examples from Scotland.

Question 1

Groups which try to influence the Scottish Government

Pressure Groups Trades Unions The Media

Choose one of the groups above.

Describe, in detail, two ways in which the group you have chosen tries to influence the Scottish Government.

Question 2

The Additional Member System (AMS), used to elect the Scottish Parliament, has both advantages and disadvantages.

Explain, in detail, the advantages and disadvantages of the Additional Member System (AMS) which is used to elect the Scottish Parliament.

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Page three

Part A (continued)

Question 3

Study Sources 1, 2 and 3 below, then attempt the question which follows.

SOURCE 1

Committees in the Scottish Parliament

Much of the important work of the Scottish Parliament goes on in the many committees set up by the Parliament. In session 2008–09 the committees completed inquiries into a range of subjects, including tourism, child poverty, fuel poverty, and flooding and flood management in Scotland. In addition, the committees’ job is to closely check the work of the Scottish Government and any of its proposed laws. Committee meetings have taken place in venues around Scotland, including Fraserburgh, Ayr and Aberdeen.

Committees can request debating time in the Scottish Parliament to bring issues raised in reports they have published to the attention of a wider audience. The Public Petitions Committee, for example, debated its report on the availability, on the National Health Service (NHS), of cancer treatment drugs. Committees also have the right to put forward Bills, hoping they will become law. One Bill out of the 17 introduced in 2008–09 —on a pension scheme for MSPs—was a Committee Bill.

The membership of the committees is made up of MSPs from every party, with Committee Conveners, who chair meetings, being drawn from different parties. Most committees meet weekly or fortnightly, usually on Tuesdays or on Wednesday mornings, in one of the Scottish Parliament’s committee rooms—or in locations around Scotland. Most meetings are open to the public.

Committees play a central part in the work of the Parliament—taking evidence from witnesses, examining proposed new laws and conducting inquiries. The work of the committees has contributed to the positive view most Scots have of their Parliament, with 70% saying devolution had been good for Scotland after 10 years.

SOURCE 2

Scottish Parliament Committees by Convener’s Party 2008–09

Finance

Economy, Energyand Tourism

Equal Opportunities

Public Audit

Justice

SubordinateLegislation

Rural Affairs andEnvironment

Health and Sport

Standards,Procedures and

Public AppointmentsPublic Petitions

Education, LifelongLearning and

Culture

Local Governmentand Communities

European andExternal Relations

6

5

4

3

2

1

0Labour

Num

ber

ofCo

mm

itte

es

SNP

Transport,Infrastructure andClimate Change

GreenLiberal Democrat Conservative

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Page four

Part A Question 3 (continued)

SOURCE 3

Case Study: Public Petitions Committee

• The public petitions system gives members of the public direct access to policy development and the chance to examine new laws.

• The Public Petitions Committee has nine members: three Labour, three SNP, and one each from the Conservatives, Liberal Democrats and the Green Party.

• The existence of the Public Petitions Committee means the public can raise issues of concern directly with their Parliament.

• During 2008–09, 112 new petitions were lodged; the committee heard oral evidence on 35 new petitions and considered over 200 current petitions.

• The committee launched a year-long inquiry investigating ways to increase public awareness of, and participation in, the petitions process.

• It took forward an inquiry into the availability of cancer treatment drugs on the NHS.• It hosted a debate in the chamber of the Parliament where community groups,

victims, police, medical staff and many others met to discuss knife crime.• The Public Petitions Committee played an important part in the successful law

banning smoking in public places.• The e-petitions system, which allows petitions to be raised online, continued to be

influential, with around two-thirds of petitions being lodged in this way.•Members of the public have lodged over 1,244 petitions in the past ten years.

Using Sources 1, 2 and 3 above, what conclusions can be drawn about committees in the Scottish Parliament?

You should reach a conclusion about each of the following:

•theworkdonebycommittees

•themembershipofcommittees

•publicinvolvementincommittees.

Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources. You should link information within and between sources in support of your conclusions.

Your answer must be based on all three sources.

NOW GO TO SECTION 2 ON PAGE EIGHT

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Page five

PART B — DEMOCRACY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

In your answers to Questions 1 and 2 you should give recent examples from the United Kingdom.

Question 1

Groups which try to influence the United Kingdom Government

Pressure Groups Trades Unions The Media

Choose one of the groups above.

Describe, in detail, two ways in which the group you have chosen tries to influence the UK Government.

Question 2

The First Past the Post system (FPTP), used to elect the United Kingdom Parliament, has both advantages and disadvantages.

Explain, in detail, the advantages and disadvantages of the First Past the Post system (FPTP) which is used to elect the United Kingdom Parliament.

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Page six

Part B (continued)

Question 3


SOURCE 1

Committees in the UK Parliament

Some of the most important work of the House of Commons goes on in the many Select Committees. Select Committees examine the work of Government. They keep a close eye on the expenditure, administration and policy of every Government department. Over the years, this checking role of the Select Committees has become well-established and well-publicised.

Committees are normally made up of backbench MPs. Their membership reflects the strength of each party in the House of Commons. This means the governing party always has a majority. Select Committees can hold meetings in different parts of the country, members of the public can attend, each has its own website and committee meetings are broadcast on television and the Internet.

Committees play a central part in the work of Parliament—taking evidence from witnesses including senior Government members, examining proposed new laws and conducting inquiries. MPs from every party take part in the work of the committees with Committee Chairpersons being drawn from different parties. In 2010, for the first time, Committee Chairs were elected by their fellow MPs.

Most committee reports are unanimous (ie publicly supported by all committee members), reflecting a more non-party way of working. Different parties often work together and try to reach agreement in the committees. While the reputation of Parliament as a whole has suffered in recent years, the work of the Select Committees is seen as a real check on the power of Government.

SOURCE 2

UK Parliament Select Committees by Chairperson’s party 2008–09

2

0Labour Conservative

12

10

8

6

4

Innovation, Universities,Science and Skills;

InternationalDevelopment;

Justice

Business and Enterprise;Culture, Media and Sport;

Defence;Environment, Food and

Rural Affairs;Northern Ireland

Children, Schools andFamilies;

Communities and LocalGovernment;

Energy and ClimateChange;

Foreign Affairs;Health;

Home Affairs;Scottish Affairs;

Transport;Treasury;

Welsh Affairs;Work and Pensions

Liberal Democrats

Num

ber o

f Com

mitt

ees

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Page seven

Part B Question 3 (continued)

SOURCE 3

Case Study: Treasury Select Committee

• The Treasury Select Committee took a leading role in investigating the financial and banking crisis of 2008–09.

• In 2009, the Treasury Select Committee had 14 members: eight Labour, four Conservatives and two Liberal Democrats.

• The Committee chooses its own subjects of inquiry. An inquiry may last for several months and result in a report to the House of Commons; or consist of a single day’s evidence which may be published without a report.

•When the Committee has chosen an inquiry it normally contacts the media outlining the main themes of inquiry and inviting interested individuals, groups and organisations to submit written evidence.

• Parliament has given the Committee the power to send for “persons, papers and records”. It therefore has powers to insist upon the attendance of witnesses, such as Ministers and civil servants, and the production of papers and other material.

•Members of the public are welcome to attend hearings of the Committee.• July 2009, the Treasury Select Committee announced a new inquiry: “Women in the

City” and called for evidence.• At a televised hearing of the Treasury Select Committee, former Royal Bank of

Scotland chief executive, Sir Fred Goodwin, told MPs he “could not be more sorry” for what had happened during the banking crisis.

• The Treasury Select Committee was successful in putting pressure, along with others, on the Government to help those affected by the ending of the 10p rate of income tax.

Using Sources 1, 2 and 3 above, what conclusions can be drawn about committees in the UK Parliament?

You should reach a conclusion about each of the following:

•theworkdonebycommittees

•themembershipofcommittees

•publicinvolvementincommittees.

Your conclusions must be supported by evidence from the sources. You should link information within and between sources in support of your conclusions.

NOW GO TO SECTION 2 ON PAGE EIGHT

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Page eight

SECTION 2 — SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM — 20 marks


Part C — Social Inequality on pages 8–10

OR

Part D — Crime and the Law on pages 11–13

PART C — SOCIAL INEQUALITY


Question 1

Examples of some groups that face inequality

Ethnic minority groups Elderly people Unemployed people

Lone parent families Disabled groups Women

Choose one group from above or another group you have studied.

Describe, in detail, at least two ways in which the Government provides help for the group you have chosen.

Question 2

Many people in the UK have good health while others do not.

Explain, in detail, why many people in the UK have good health while others do not.

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Page nine

Part C (continued)

Question 3


SOURCE 1

Homelessness in Scotland

• In Scotland, it is the responsibility of local councils to help homeless people.• In 2011–12, 45,322 households made homeless applications to their local council in

Scotland. In 2010–11 the figure was 56,350.• In 2011–12, local councils accepted 35,515 of these applications. In 2010–11 the

figure was 38,100.• Police report that the number of people forced onto homeless waiting lists because

of their anti-social neighbours has doubled since 2001.• At present there are 87,000 empty homes of all types across Scotland and 29,300

second and holiday homes which lie empty for much of the year.•Many believe that the homelessness problem worsened due to the introduction of the

“Right to Buy” policy. This allowed council tenants to buy their homes, leaving few decent houses for rental.

• Housing charity Shelter has recently criticised the Scottish Government for cutting the housing budget by 45%. Shelter claims that the most needy and vulnerable groups are suffering.

• In 2012, council waiting lists had almost 188,000 households on them. At the same time there were 7,847 empty council houses.

• In 2011–12, 15,900 new houses were completed in Scotland. This represents a reduction of 38% over the last four years.

• Charities like APEX and SACRO try to help ex-prisoners who find themselves homeless. Both organisations have limited funding.

SOURCE 2

No. Houses

Private companies(10,039)

Local councils(5,861)

0

5,000

10,000

New houses built in Scotland (2011–12)Local council homes sold through

“Right to Buy” since 2001

City Houses sold through “Right to Buy”

Aberdeen 4,345

Dundee 2,017

Edinburgh 3,914

Glasgow 8,566

Rest of Scotland 61,569

Scottish Total 80,411

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Page ten

Part C Question 3 (continued)

SOURCE 3

Article by Daisy Kingscourt, homeless campaigner

Although homelessness is falling in Scotland, it is still a worrying problem. Being without a permanent home causes stress and illness among people. It affects the large number of children involved, damaging their education and their health.

Over one quarter of all the households who apply for homeless status do so as a result of a family dispute. The fact that 5% of homeless people have left prison or some kind of hospital only to find themselves on the streets is a scandal. Homeless Scots do not often match the common view of the homeless, ie a person who has been evicted for not paying their rent or mortgage. In fact, less than 5% of the Scottish homeless are without a home for this reason. Worryingly, 5% of homeless people leave their homes as a result of violence or harassment from their neighbours. Working together, the Government, police and local councils must solve these problems. An easy first step would be to reverse recent Scottish Government spending cuts which are clearly affecting these vulnerable groups.

Using Sources 1, 2 and 3 above explain why the view of Danny Wilson is selective in the use of facts.

“The homeless problem in Scotland is caused by a lack of available houses.”

View of Danny Wilson.

•You should give information that Danny Wilson has selected as it supports his view.

• You should give information that Danny Wilson has not selected as it does not support his view.


NOW GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE FOURTEEN

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Page eleven

PART D — CRIME AND THE LAW


Question 1

The police in the UK try to reduce crime levels.

Describe, in detail, at least two ways in which the police try to reduce crime levels.

Question 2

There are many reasons why people commit crime.

Explain, in detail, why some people commit crime.

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Page twelve

Part D (continued)

Question 3


SOURCE 1

Facts and Viewpoints

The Scottish Government is considering a petition which would mean that any person carrying a knife would be given a mandatory custodial sentence. This would mean that possession of such a weapon would automatically result in the offender being sent to prison or detention centre.

• Community groups have called on the Government to take action to deter young people from carrying knives.

• 1,200 offenders were sentenced for possession of a knife between 2004 and 2009, but only 314 were given custodial sentences.

• Scottish Prisons reported that as a result of overcrowding, offenders were not serving their full sentence and were being released early. Automatic sentences may make this problem worse.

• In 2009, one in five people convicted of carrying a knife in Edinburgh had previously been charged for a similar offence.

• Thirty per cent of young people thought that introducing tougher sentences would reduce knife crime; 53% thought that community sentences were an appropriate punishment for young people found carrying a knife.

• Judges in Scotland think that they should be able to consider the personal circumstances of each case before sentencing.

• A custodial sentence can have a huge impact on the future of young people convicted.• The number of people sent to prison for carrying a knife fell to a five-year low in 2008 because

only one in three offenders were jailed.• In 2009, 78% of youths questioned in Glasgow said that a prison sentence would make them never

carry a knife again.

SOURCE 2

Number of recorded crimes of carrying a knife in Scotland

1998-990

2000

4000

8000

6000

10,000

12,000

Num

ber

Year1999-00

2000-012001-02

2002-032003-04

2004-052005-06

2006-072007-08

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Page thirteen

Part D Question 3 (continued)

SOURCE 3

Evidence of Louise McKay to Scottish Parliament Committee

Locking up people who carry knives is not the answer to tackling this problem. Many of the young people who carry knives are not criminals. Sending these youngsters to prison would simply punish them for the rest of their lives for being young and foolish. Keeping a prisoner locked up costs around £30,000 per year. Even half of this money spent on community projects would help young people realise how much damage they can do themselves and others by carrying a knife. The numbers caught carrying knives in Scotland is falling. Clearly, this Government’s proposal for an automatic prison sentence is not necessary and would be a waste of taxpayers’ money.

Using Sources 1, 2 and 3 above explain why the view of Billy Mackenzie is selective in the use of facts.

Giving anyone caught carrying a knife a prison sentence is a good way to reduce knife crime.

View of Billy Mackenzie.

• You should give information that Billy Mackenzie has selected as it supports his view.

• You should give information that Billy Mackenzie has not selected as it does not support his view.


NOW GO TO SECTION 3 ON PAGE FOURTEEN

8

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Page fourteen

SECTION 3 — INTERNATIONAL ISSUES — 20 marks


Part E—World Powers on pages 14–16

OR

Part F—World Issues on pages 17–19

PART E — WORLD POWERS

In your answers to Questions 1 and 2 you should give recent examples from a world power you have studied.

Question 1

Citizens can participate in politics in many ways.

Describe, in detail, two ways in which citizens from a world power you have studied can participate in politics.

Question 2

Social and economic inequalities exist in all world powers.

Explain, in detail, why social and economic inequalities exist in a world power you have studied.

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Page fifteen

Part E (continued)

Question 3


You are a government adviser. You have been asked to recommend whether the Government should build the Melo Bonte Dam.

Option 1

Build the Melo Bonte Dam

Option 2

Do not build the Melo Bonte Dam

SOURCE 1

Government Signs Contracts for Controversial Rainforest Dam

In July 2010, a South American Government signed contracts for the construction of a massive new hydroelectric dam in their rainforest. Once complete, Melo Bonte will be the world’s third-largest hydroelectric dam. The Minister of Mines and Energy said the Melo Bonte complex, to be built near the mouth of the Celdy River in the northern rainforest, will “play an important role in the development of the area and people displaced by the dam will be compensated”.

The project has raised a storm of protest, with many judges, Hollywood celebrities, environmental pressure groups and organisations representing rainforest residents, opposing it. In April 2010, Avatar director James Cameron and two members of the film’s cast took part in protests about the dam. Protesters say the proposed dam would cause “serious damage” to the rainforest ecosystem and the lives of up to 50,000 rainforest residents could be affected as 500 square kilometres could be flooded.

The Government says the dam is vital for the continued expansion of the economy, as the growing population needs more electricity. The Melo Bonte Dam is expected to provide electricity for 23 million homes. The companies awarded contracts to build the dam will have to pay large amounts to protect the environment. The Government said that most people support the decision to build the dam.

The dam has been defended by some of the rainforest’s residents who hope to benefit from the estimated 18,000 direct jobs and 80,000 indirect jobs the project will create. However, some experts and business representatives in the energy industry also oppose the dam. They say the actual cost will be 60% higher than its US$10·8 billion budget and will only operate at 40% of its capacity due to the drop in water in the Celdy River during the dry season.

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Page sixteen

Part E Question 3 (continued)

SOURCE 2

Results of Opinion Polls

65

60

55

50

45

0Healthservices

Jobs

Perc

enta

ge

Environmentaldamage

What is the main priority facing the country?

Do you agree or disagree with the Government’s decision to build the

Melo Bonte Dam?

All people Rainforest residents

Agree 65% 12%

Disagree 30% 85%

Don’t know 5% 3%

SOURCE 3

Melo Bonte Dam Protests: April–July

April 12 International celebrities attend protests along with over 500 protesters to demand the cancellation of the project to build the Melo Bonte dam.

April 15 Under pressure from local people and campaigners, local politicians in the area obtain a court injunction to ban companies from bidding to build the dam.

April 17 The Government wins an appeal to overturn the ban in a higher court.

April 18 500 Greenpeace protesters dump three tons of manure in front of the National Electric Energy Agency in the capital city.

May 19 The Government finally wins the court case and awards the US$10 billion contract to a group of nine companies who hope to be transmitting power.

June 17 Kayapo Indians, who live in the rainforest, blockade a major highway disrupting commercial goods traffic.

June 20 Many people who live in the rainforest back the dam because it will generate employment to replace the jobs lost since a clampdown on illegal logging.

July 2 Campaigners say they will continue protesting despite the contract being awarded.

July 15 The companies building the dam agree to pay US$803 million to create parks and help monitor forests and to pay compensation to people affected by the dam.

You must decide which option to recommend, either build the Melo Bonte Dam (Option 1) or do not build the Melo Bonte Dam (Option 2).

(i) Using Sources 1, 2 and 3 above and opposite, which option would you choose?

(ii) Give reasons to support your choice.

(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option.

Your answer must be based on all three sources. 10

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Page seventeen

PART F — WORLD ISSUES

In your answers to Questions 1 and 2 you should give recent examples from a world issue you have studied.

Question 1

International organisations which try to resolve international issues and problems

United Nations Organisation

NATO World Bank

European Union African Union Charities and other NGOs

Describe, in detail, two ways in which international organisations try to resolve an international issue or problem you have studied.

Question 2

International issues and problems have many causes.

Explain, in detail, the causes of an international issue or problem you have studied.

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Page eighteen

Part F (continued)

Question 3


You are an adviser to the European Union (EU). You have been asked to recommend whether Country A or Country B should be allowed to join the EU.

Option 1

Allow Country “A” to join the EU

Option 2

Allow Country “B” to join the EU

Country A and Country B are Candidate Countries hoping to be allowed to join the European Union. Source 1 and 2 contain information about both countries taken from their applications.

SOURCE 1

CANDIDATE COUNTRY “A”

• This country has a small population of 4·5 million people and an average income of only €11,200.

• The police have worked hard to catch drug traffickers. Many have been given long jail sentences.

• Country A allows its citizens many rights and freedoms. It would meet the criteria of the European Convention on Human Rights.

• UNICEF and several large childrens’ charities have criticised Country A for its social care system. Investigations have shown that many elderly people and children are cared for in terrible conditions.

2006 2008 2010 2012(Est)

50

40

30

20

10

0

University Graduates (%)

SOURCE 2

CANDIDATE COUNTRY “B”

• Country B produces 32 million barrels of oil per day and only uses 13 million barrels. It wants to export more.

• Healthcare is poor in Country B. Life expectancy is low at 58 and child mortality is high at 11 per 1,000 live births.

• In Country B, 36% of the population still work on farms. The EU would be asked to spend money to improve agriculture.

• UNESCO has praised the primary education system in Country B as levels of illiteracy have fallen to below 10%.

2006 2008 2010 2012(Est)

4

6

8

10Unemployment (%)

= Candidate country

= EU average

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Page nineteen

Part F Question 3 (continued)

SOURCE 3

EUROPEAN UNION (EU) FACTFILE

• The EU has grown over the years. In 2009, it had 27 member states and a population close to 500 million. Average life expectancy in the EU is 78 years and child mortality is 5 per 1,000 live births. More countries still wish to join.

• 48% of the EU’s budget is spent supporting agriculture and fishing although these industries employ only 4% of the workforce. This support is planned to fall over the next few years and many member governments see this as a necessity.

• The EU’s growing economy needs more university graduates. EU countries are among the most technologically advanced in the world. At the moment, 51% of school leavers go to university.

• Across all member states, schools in the EU have achieved a 96% literacy level. Any country wishing to join must be able to come close to this figure.

• Trade between EU member states contributes to the high standard of living within the EU. On average, a worker in the EU earns €23,100. Several member states are concerned about the number of poor countries applying to join.

• The EU has to import 11 million barrels of oil every day from countries like Russia. Many people in the EU worry that it is too dependent on Russia for oil and would like to admit new members with large oil reserves.

• EU health and welfare systems are among the best in the world. Groups such as the elderly and children are well looked after. Any new members must try to match these standards.

Survey of EU Public Opinion

Question: How important is it that new EU members have:

Unimportant Not very important

Fairly important

Very important

Strict policies on crime? 4% 8% 38% 50%

Low unemployment? 0% 0% 48% 52%

A good record on human rights? 2% 10% 53% 35%

You must decide which option to recommend, either allow Country A to join the EU (Option 1) or allow Country B to join the EU (Option 2).

(i) Using Sources 1, 2 and 3 above, which option would you choose?

(ii) Give reasons to support your choice.

(iii) Explain why you did not choose the other option.

Your answer must be based on all three sources. 10

[END OF SPECIMEN QUESTION PAPER]

N5

Marking Instructions

NationalQualicationsSPECIMEN ONLY

SQ31/N5/01 Modern Studies

©

The information in this publication may be reproduced to support SQA qualifications only on a non-commercial basis. If it is to be used for any other purpose, written permission must be obtained from SQA’s Marketing team on [email protected].

Where the publication includes materials from sources other than SQA (ie secondary copyright), this material should only be reproduced for the purposes of examination or assessment. If it needs to be reproduced for any other purpose it is the user’s responsibility to obtain the necessary copyright clearance.

These Marking Instructions have been provided to show how SQA would mark this Specimen Question Paper.

Part One: General Marking Principles for National 5 Modern Studies

This information is provided to help you understand the general principles you must apply when marking candidate responses to questions in this Paper. These principles must be read in conjunction with the specific Marking Instructions for each question. The marking schemes are written to assist in determining the ‘minimal acceptable answer’ rather than listing every possible correct and incorrect answer. (a) Marks for each candidate response must always be assigned in line with these

general marking principles and the specific Marking Instructions for the relevant question.

(b) Marking should always be positive, ie marks should be awarded for what is correct and not deducted for errors or omissions.

(c) (i) For credit to be given, points must relate to the question asked.

(ii) There are five types of questions used in this question paper:

A Describe, in detail, . . . B Explain, in detail, . . . C What conclusions can be drawn D You must decide which option to recommend E Explain why the view . . . is selective in the use of facts

(iii) For each of the question types in this paper, the following provides an overview of marking principles and an example of its application for each question type.

Questions that assess Knowledge and Understanding (4, 6 or 8 marks) • Award up to three marks for any single description, depending on quality, level of detail,

relevance, accuracy and exemplification. • Award up to four marks for any single explanation, depending on quality, level of detail,

relevance, accuracy, exemplification and answers which show the interaction of various factors.

• List type answer, made up of a series of undeveloped points should be awarded a maximum of 2 marks.

• Full marks can be achieved by any combination of single and developed points in line with specific marking instructions.

• Where candidates are instructed to give specific knowledge and understanding related to a particular topic or issue, markers should refer to the marking instructions for the question.

Questions that assess the evaluation of sources (8 or 10 marks) • Award up to three marks for a developed point depending upon the quality of the

explanation and development of the evidence. • Candidates should be highly credited if they synthesise information within and between

sources. • For full marks, the candidate must refer to all sources in their answer. Award a maximum

of six marks if only two sources are used, maximum of four marks if only one source is used.

Questions that require the candidate to use a limited range of sources and draw valid conclusions from them, with supporting evidence. • Candidates should draw conclusions using the headings/bullet points in the question. • Candidates should be highly credited if they draw conclusions which show interaction

between the sources. Answers which merely repeat the source material without making judgements or drawing conclusions should be awarded zero marks.

• For full marks, three developed conclusions must be given.

• 3 mark conclusion

— Candidate makes an original and insightful conclusion of their own which is supported by more than one piece of valid evidence drawn from two sources or from different parts of the same source. The conclusion will make a judgement and use evaluative terminology.


— Candidate uses a piece of evidence from the source as a conclusion. This conclusion will involve a judgement being made but will not be original to the candidate. For example, the candidate may quote a point directly from a source and use it as a conclusion. The conclusion will be supported by accurate and relevant evidence drawn from the sources.


— Candidate uses the prompts/headings to correctly organise information from the sources but does not reach any overall judgement or conclusion. Even although several pieces of evidence may be listed under the correct heading, limit this type of answer to one mark.

Questions that require the candidate to use a limited range of sources by selecting evidence from them in order to make and justify a decision/recommendation. • For full marks, the candidate must also explain why they have rejected the other option. • Award up to three marks for a justification depending on relevance and development of

the evidence. Candidates should be highly credited if they make justifications which show interaction between the sources.

• For full marks, candidates must justify their decision/recommendation and explain why they have rejected the other option. Answers, which deal with only one decision, should be awarded a maximum of eight marks.

Questions that require the candidate to use a limited range of sources, detecting and explaining instances of exaggeration or selective use of facts, giving developed arguments. • Award up to three marks for a developed explanation depending upon the quality of

argument and accurate use of evidence. • For full marks, candidates must explain why the statement is selective in the use of facts;

otherwise, a maximum of 6 marks should be awarded. Candidates may demonstrate selectivity in the use of facts by using the evidence in the sources to show that evidence has been selected which supports the view and that evidence has not been selected which does not support the view.

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scri

ptio

ns a

re n

eces

sary

for

ful

l m

arks

.

4Can

dida

tes

can

be c

redi

ted

in a

num

ber

of w

ays

up t

o a

max

imum

of

4 m

arks

.

Poss

ible

app

roac

hes

to a

nsw

erin

g th

e qu

esti

on:

Pres

sure

gro

ups

try

to inf

luen

ce t

he S

cott

ish

Gov

ernm

ent

by h

avin

g a

dem

onst

rati

on,

lobb

ying

, pe

titi

ons

and

gett

ing

med

ia a

tten

tion

. [2

mar

ks a

war

ded

in t

otal—

list

typ

e an

swer

] Tra

des

Uni

ons

can

try

to inf

luen

ce t

he G

over

nmen

t by

goi

ng o

n st

rike

, fo

r ex

ampl

e N

HS

doct

ors

have

thr

eate

ned

indu

stri

al a

ctio

n.

[2 m

arks

for

a s

ingl

e po

int

plus

rel

evan

t ex

ampl

e]

New

spap

ers

can

try

to inf

luen

ce t

he G

over

nmen

t by

pri

ntin

g st

orie

s th

at a

re

very

cri

tica

l of

the

Gov

ernm

ent.

Ba

d pu

blic

ity

can

mak

e th

e G

over

nmen

t un

popu

lar,

for

exa

mpl

e w

hen

the

Dai

ly R

ecor

d st

arte

d a

cam

paig

n ag

ains

t or

gani

sed

crim

e ho

ping

tha

t th

e Sc

otti

sh G

over

nmen

t an

d co

urts

wou

ld c

lam

p do

wn.

[3

mar

ks f

or a

dev

elop

ed p

oint

wit

h ex

empl

ific

atio

n]

Cre

dit

refe

renc

e to

asp

ects

of

the

follow

ing:

Pr

essu

re G

roup

s •

Dem

onst

rati

ons/

prot

est,

eg

rece

nt p

rote

sts

by t

he S

DL

and

UAF

outs

ide

the

Scot

tish

Par

liam

ent.

•

Peti

tion

s —in

clud

ing

e-pe

titi

ons

and

subm

issi

ons

to t

he p

etit

ions

com

mit

tee.

•

Act

ions

to

attr

act

med

ia a

tten

tion

, eg

cam

paig

n fo

r sa

fer

cycl

e ro

utes

usi

ng

cele

brit

ies

such

as

Chr

is H

oy in

a m

ass

cycl

e ri

de t

hrou

gh E

dinb

urgh

. •

Lobb

ying

—co

ntac

ting

ele

cted

mem

bers

of

the

parl

iam

ent

in o

rder

to

try

to

gain

the

ir s

uppo

rt.

Thi

s ca

n be

don

e by

pre

ssur

e gr

oups

the

mse

lves

or

they

m

ay e

mpl

oy a

dvis

ors,

ie

prof

essi

onal

lob

byis

ts.

• D

irec

t ac

tion

—di

srup

tive

and

oft

en illeg

al f

orm

s of

pro

test

, eg

the

Fas

lane

pe

ace

cam

p.

Pag

e 5

Trad

es U

nion

s •

Indu

stri

al a

ctio

n su

ch a

s st

rike

s, w

ork

to r

ule,

ove

rtim

e ba

ns.

Thi

s m

ay b

e es

peci

ally

eff

ecti

ve in

the

publ

ic s

ecto

r, e

g pr

opos

ed a

ctio

n by

NH

S do

ctor

s.

• D

emon

stra

tion

s/pr

otes

t—re

cent

dem

onst

rati

ons

orga

nise

d by

tea

chin

g un

ions

. •

Peti

tion

s —in

clud

ing

e-pe

titi

ons

and

subm

issi

ons

to t

he p

etit

ions

co

mm

itte

e.

• Act

ions

to

attr

act

med

ia a

tten

tion

, eg

pri

son

offi

cers

pro

test

ing

outs

ide

thei

r pr

ison

s.

The

Med

ia

• N

ewsp

aper

s su

ppor

ting

/opp

osin

g ca

mpa

igns

by

pres

sure

gro

ups,

eg

rece

nt

high

ligh

ting

of

new

med

ical

tes

ts int

rodu

ced

for

disa

bility

ben

efit

s.

• N

ewsp

aper

s su

ppor

ting

/opp

osin

g a

part

icul

ar p

olit

ical

par

ty d

urin

g el

ecti

on

cam

paig

ns,

eg t

he c

hang

ing

supp

ort

of t

he S

un n

ewsp

aper

in

rece

nt

elec

tion

s.

• N

ewsp

aper

s hi

ghligh

ting

wha

t th

ey s

ee a

s G

over

nmen

t in

com

pete

nce/

achi

evem

ents

, eg

cov

erag

e of

deb

ate

over

con

tinu

atio

n of

un

iver

sal be

nefi

ts.

• Br

oadc

ast

med

ia s

tric

tly

cont

rolled

by

legi

slat

ion

so c

anno

t at

tem

pt t

o in

flue

nce

the

Gov

ernm

ent.

A

ny o

ther

val

id p

oint

tha

t m

eets

the

cri

teri

a de

scri

bed

in t

he g

ener

al

mar

king

inst

ruct

ions

for

thi

s ki

nd o

f qu

esti

on (

see

colu

mn

to le

ft).

Pag

e 6

Part

A

2Aw

ard

up t

o fo

ur m

arks

for

a s

ingl

e ex

plan

atio

n, d

epen

ding

on

qual

ity,

lev

el

of d

etai

l, r

elev

ance

, ac

cura

cy,

exem

plif

icat

ion

and

answ

ers

whi

ch s

how

th

e in

tera

ctio

n of

var

ious

fac

tors

.

8Can

dida

tes

can

be c

redi

ted

in a

num

ber

of w

ays

up t

o a

max

imum

of

8 m

arks

.

Cand

idat

es w

ho o

nly

expl

ain

eith

er a

dvan

tage

s or

dis

adva

ntag

es s

houl

d be

aw

arde

d a

max

imum

of

six

mar

ks.

Poss

ible

app

roac

hes

to a

nsw

erin

g th

e qu

esti

on:

An

adva

ntag

e of

the

add

itio

nal m

embe

r sy

stem

is

that

it

is a

fai

rly

prop

orti

onal

sy

stem

. [1

mar

k]

An

adva

ntag

e of

AM

S is

tha

t it

pro

vide

s be

tter

rep

rese

ntat

ion

as it

give

s vo

ters

a

choi

ce o

f M

SP t

o co

nsul

t.

[2 m

arks

—de

velo

ped

poin

t]

An

adva

ntag

e of

AM

S is

tha

t it

pro

vide

s be

tter

rep

rese

ntat

ion

as it

give

s vo

ters

a

choi

ce o

f M

SP t

o co

nsul

t. In

any

con

stit

uenc

y yo

u ha

ve a

con

stit

uenc

y an

d list

M

SPs.

[3

mar

ks—

wel

l de

velo

ped

poin

t]

An

adva

ntag

e of

AM

S is

tha

t it

is

a sy

stem

whe

re v

oter

s ha

ve t

wo

vote

s.

One

vo

te u

ses

the

firs

t pa

st t

he p

ost

syst

em s

o yo

u ha

ve a

dir

ectl

y el

ecte

d M

SP f

or

the

cons

titu

ency

and

the

oth

er v

ote

uses

the

lis

t sy

stem

to

elec

t re

gion

al M

SPs.

Thi

s m

eans

AM

S pr

ovid

es t

he a

dvan

tage

s of

bot

h sy

stem

s.

[4 m

arks

—de

velo

ped

poin

ts w

ith

som

e de

tail a

nd a

naly

sis]

Cre

dit

refe

renc

e to

asp

ects

of

the

follow

ing:

A

dvan

tage

s•

Mor

e pr

opor

tion

al—

Scot

tish

el

ecti

ons

have

had

a c

lose

r co

rrel

atio

n be

twee

n vo

tes

and

seat

s.

• Ret

ains

ele

men

ts o

f FP

TP

so

Dis

adva

ntag

es•

Too

man

y re

pres

enta

tive

s—12

9 M

SPs

is s

een

by m

any

as a

“to

p he

avy”

sys

tem

. •

Rep

rese

ntat

ives

to

parl

iam

ent

elec

ted

unde

r tw

o di

ffer

ent

Pag

e 7

som

e di

rect

rep

rese

ntat

ion—

vote

rs in

ever

y co

nsti

tuen

cy

know

who

to

cont

act.

•

Gre

ater

cho

ice —

each

vot

er c

an

cont

act

a nu

mbe

r of

MSP

s du

e to

th

e re

gion

al lis

t el

emen

t.

• Sm

alle

r pa

rtie

s ca

n be

suc

cess

ful,

eg

Gre

ens

in S

cott

ish

Parl

iam

ent.

syst

ems

thus

cre

atin

g al

mos

t a

“tw

o ti

er”

syst

em o

f M

SPs.

•

Syst

em m

ore

com

plex

tha

n FP

TP

so m

ay m

ore

diff

icul

t fo

r m

any

vote

rs t

o un

ders

tand

. •

Ret

enti

on o

f FP

TP

elem

ent

still

allo

ws

som

e pa

rtie

s to

dom

inat

e di

spro

port

iona

tely

, eg

SN

P do

min

atin

g th

is b

allo

t.

Any

oth

er r

elev

ant

fact

ual k

ey p

oint

of

know

ledg

e th

at m

eets

the

cri

teri

a de

scri

bed

in t

he g

ener

al m

arki

ng in

stru

ctio

ns f

or t

his

kind

of

ques

tion

(se

e co

lum

n to

left

).

Part

A

3The

can

dida

te is

requ

ired

to

use

a lim

ited

ran

ge o

f so

urce

s an

d dr

aw v

alid

co

nclu

sion

s fr

om t

hem

, w

ith

supp

orti

ng

evid

ence

.

8Can

dida

tes

can

be c

redi

ted

in a

num

ber

of w

ays

up t

o a

max

imum

of

8 m

arks

. Po

ssib

le a

ppro

ache

s to

ans

wer

ing

the

ques

tion

: Th

e w

ork

done

by

com

mit

tees

M

uch

of t

he im

port

ant

wor

k of

the

Par

liam

ent

is d

one

in c

omm

itte

es (

Sour

ce 1

).

Com

mit

tees

on

publ

ic a

udit

, fi

nanc

e, j

usti

ce e

tc (

Sour

ce 2

).

Hos

ted

deba

tes

on k

nife

cri

me

(Sou

rce

3).

[1

mar

k aw

arde

d ov

eral

l —no

con

clus

ion

reac

hed

or j

udge

men

t m

ade.

A s

erie

s of

rel

evan

t po

ints

arr

ange

d un

der

a co

rrec

t he

adin

g.]

• M

uch

of t

he im

port

ant

wor

k of

the

Par

liam

ent

done

in

com

mit

tees

(S

ourc

e 1)

. •

Com

plet

ed inq

uiri

es int

o a

rang

e of

sub

ject

s (S

ourc

e 1)

.

• Rol

e of

scr

utin

isin

g th

e w

ork

of t

he G

over

nmen

t an

d le

gisl

atio

n (S

ourc

e 1)

link

to

para

grap

h 4

(Sou

rce

1).

•

Can

req

uest

deb

atin

g ti

me

(Sou

rce

1) lin

k w

ith

(Sou

rce

3) d

ebat

e on

can

cer

trea

tmen

t dr

ugs.

•

Can

int

rodu

ce leg

isla

tion

—bu

t on

ly o

ne in

2008

-09

(Sou

rce

1).

•

Sour

ce 2

ind

icat

es t

he r

ange

of

area

s of

int

eres

t of

Com

mit

tees

, eg

Fin

ance

,

Pag

e 8

Publ

ic P

etit

ions

, Ju

stic

e (S

ourc

e 2)

. •

2008

-09

Publ

ic P

etit

ion

Com

mit

tee —

112

new

pet

itio

ns lod

ged;

con

side

red

over

200

pet

itio

ns (

Sour

ce 3

).

• In

quir

y in

to a

vailab

ilit

y of

can

cer

trea

tmen

t dr

ugs

(Sou

rce

3) lin

k w

ith

(Sou

rce

1).

•

Hos

ted

deba

tes

on k

nife

cri

me

(Sou

rce

3).

•

Poss

ible

con

clus

ion—

com

mit

tees

do

a lo

t of

wor

k an

d pl

ay a

n im

port

ant

role

in

the

wor

k of

the

Sco

ttis

h Pa

rlia

men

t.

Th

e m

embe

rshi

p of

com

mit

tees

The

mem

bers

hip

of t

he c

omm

itte

es is

mad

e up

of

MSP

s fr

om e

very

par

ty.

Thi

s is

sup

port

ed b

y ev

iden

ce f

rom

Sou

rce

3 w

hich

say

s The

Pub

lic

Peti

tion

s Com

mit

tee

has

9 m

embe

rs;

Labo

ur 3

, SN

P 3,

and

one

eac

h fr

om t

he

Con

serv

ativ

es,

Libe

ral D

emoc

rats

and

the

Gre

en P

arty

.

[2 m

arks

. C

oncl

usio

n gi

ven

but

take

n fr

om S

ourc

e 1 —

supp

orte

d by

acc

urat

e an

d re

leva

nt e

vide

nce

from

Sou

rce

3.]

• M

SPs

from

eve

ry p

arty

are

mem

bers

of

the

com

mit

tees

(So

urce

1).

•

Com

mit

tee

Con

veno

rs,

who

cha

ir m

eeti

ngs,

dra

wn

from

dif

fere

nt p

arti

es

(Sou

rce

1) lin

k w

ith

Sour

ce 2

.

• Con

vene

rs d

raw

n fr

om C

onse

rvat

ive,

Lab

our,

SN

P, L

iber

al D

emoc

rats

and

G

reen

s (S

ourc

e 2)

.

• The

Pub

lic

Peti

tion

s Com

mit

tee

has

9 m

embe

rs;

Labo

ur 3

, SN

P 3,

and

one

ea

ch f

rom

the

Con

serv

ativ

es,

Libe

ral D

emoc

rats

and

the

Gre

en P

arty

(S

ourc

e 3)

.

• Po

ssib

le c

oncl

usio

n—al

l pa

rtie

s pl

ay a

rol

e in

the

Com

mit

tees

.

Publ

ic in

volv

emen

t in

com

mit

tees

M

embe

rs o

f th

e pu

blic

are

abl

e to

get

inv

olve

d in

pol

itic

s th

roug

h th

e co

mm

itte

e sy

stem

. [

orig

inal

con

clus

ion]

Thi

s co

nclu

sion

is

supp

orte

d by

ev

iden

ce f

rom

Sou

rce

1 w

hich

say

s th

at c

omm

itte

e m

eeti

ngs

have

bee

n he

ld

arou

nd S

cotl

and

in p

lace

s su

ch a

s Fr

aser

burg

h, A

yr a

nd A

berd

een.

Thi

s is

fu

rthe

r su

ppor

ted

in S

ourc

e 3

whi

ch s

ays

that

the

Pub

lic

Peti

tion

s Com

mit

tee

syst

em g

ives

mem

bers

of

the

publ

ic d

irec

t ac

cess

to

policy

dev

elop

men

t an

d

Pag

e 9

also

tha

t m

embe

rs o

f th

e pu

blic

hav

e lo

dged

ove

r 1,

244

peti

tion

s in

the

las

t 10

ye

ars.

[3

mar

ks a

war

ded]

• Com

mit

tee

mee

ting

s ha

ve t

aken

pla

ce in

venu

es a

roun

d Sc

otla

nd,

incl

udin

g Fr

aser

burg

h, A

yr a

nd A

berd

een

(Sou

rce

1).

•

Mos

t co

mm

itte

es m

eet

wee

kly

or f

ortn

ight

ly in

one

of t

he S

cott

ish

Parl

iam

ent’

s co

mm

itte

e ro

oms —

or in

loca

tion

s ar

ound

Sco

tlan

d (S

ourc

e 1)

. •

Mos

t m

eeti

ngs

are

open

to

the

publ

ic (

Sour

ce 1

).

• The

pub

lic

peti

tion

s sy

stem

pro

vide

s m

embe

rs o

f th

e pu

blic

wit

h di

rect

ac

cess

to

the

policy

dev

elop

men

t an

d sc

ruti

ny p

roce

ss (

Sour

ce 3

).

• The

exi

sten

ce o

f th

e Pu

blic

Pet

itio

ns C

omm

itte

e m

eans

tha

t pe

titi

oner

s ca

n ra

ise

issu

es o

f co

ncer

n di

rect

ly w

ith

thei

r Pa

rlia

men

t (S

ourc

e 3)

.

• The

com

mit

tee

laun

ched

a y

ear-

long

inq

uiry

inv

esti

gati

ng w

ays

to inc

reas

e pu

blic

aw

aren

ess

of,

and

part

icip

atio

n in

, th

e pe

titi

ons

proc

ess

(Sou

rce

3).

•

The

e-p

etit

ions

sys

tem

, w

hich

allow

s pe

titi

ons

to b

e ra

ised

onl

ine,

co

ntin

ued

to b

e in

flue

ntia

l, w

ith

arou

nd t

wo-

thir

ds o

f pe

titi

ons

bein

g lo

dged

in

thi

s fo

rm (

Sour

ce 3

).

• 1,

244

peti

tion

s ha

ve b

een

lodg

ed b

y m

embe

rs o

f th

e pu

blic

ove

r 10

yea

rs

(Sou

rce

3).

•

Poss

ible

con

clus

ion—

the

com

mit

tees

are

ope

n to

the

pub

lic

and

the

publ

ic

can

part

icip

ate

in a

var

iety

of

way

s.

A

ny o

ther

val

id r

easo

n th

at m

eets

the

cri

teri

a de

scri

bed

in t

he g

ener

al

mar

king

inst

ruct

ions

for

thi

s ki

nd o

f qu

esti

on (

see

colu

mn

to le

ft).

Pag

e 10

Sect

ion

1 G

ener

al m

arki

ng In

stru

ctio

ns f

or t

his

type

of

ques

tion

M

ax

mar

kSp

ecif

ic M

arki

ng In

stru

ctio

ns f

or t

his

ques

tion

Part

B

1Aw

ard

up t

o th

ree

mar

ks f

or a

sin

gle

desc

ript

ion,

dep

endi

ng o

n qu

alit

y, lev

el

of d

etai

l, r

elev

ance

, ac

cura

cy a

nd

exem

plif

icat

ion.

At

leas

t tw

o de

scri

ptio

ns a

re n

eces

sary

for

ful

l m

arks

.

4Can

dida

tes

can

be c

redi

ted

in a

num

ber

of w

ays

up t

o a

max

imum

of

4 m

arks

.

Poss

ible

app

roac

hes

to a

nsw

erin

g th

e qu

esti

on:

Pres

sure

gro

ups

try

to inf

luen

ce t

he U

K G

over

nmen

t by

hav

ing

a de

mon

stra

tion

.

[1 m

ark

for

an a

ccur

ate

but

unde

velo

ped

poin

t]

Tra

des

Uni

ons

can

try

to inf

luen

ce t

he G

over

nmen

t by

goi

ng o

n st

rike

, fo

r ex

ampl

e N

HS

doct

ors

have

thr

eate

ned

indu

stri

al a

ctio

n.

[2 m

arks

for

a s

ingl

e po

int

plus

rel

evan

t ex

ampl

e]

New

spap

ers

can

try

to inf

luen

ce t

he G

over

nmen

t by

pri

ntin

g st

orie

s th

at a

re

very

cri

tica

l of

the

Gov

ernm

ent.

Ba

d pu

blic

ity

can

mak

e th

e G

over

nmen

t un

popu

lar,

for

exa

mpl

e w

hen

som

e ne

wsp

aper

s cr

itic

ised

the

Gov

ernm

ent

for

tryi

ng t

o br

ing

in t

he ‘

past

y ta

x’ a

nd t

he G

over

nmen

t ch

ange

d th

eir

min

d.

[3 m

arks

for

a d

evel

oped

poi

nt w

ith

exem

plif

icat

ion]

Cre

dit

refe

renc

e to

asp

ects

of

the

follow

ing:

Pr

essu

re G

roup

s •

Dem

onst

rati

ons/

prot

est,

eg

rece

nt p

rote

sts

outs

ide

the

Hou

se o

f Com

mon

s co

ncer

ning

stu

dent

fee

s.

• Pe

titi

ons —

incl

udin

g e-

peti

tion

s.

• Act

ions

to

attr

act

med

ia a

tten

tion

, eg

Gre

enpe

ace

cam

paig

n ag

ains

t w

halin

g.

• Lo

bbyi

ng—

cont

acti

ng e

lect

ed m

embe

rs o

f th

e pa

rlia

men

t in

ord

er t

o tr

y to

ga

in t

heir

sup

port

. T

his

can

be d

one

by p

ress

ure

grou

ps t

hem

selv

es o

r th

ey

may

em

ploy

adv

isor

s, ie

prof

essi

onal

lob

byis

ts.

Als

o m

ass

lobb

ying

. •

Dir

ect

acti

on—

disr

upti

ve a

nd o

ften

illeg

al f

orm

s of

pro

test

, eg

the

Fas

lane

pe

ace

cam

p, h

unt

sabo

teur

s, a

nti-

abor

tion

gro

ups.

Tr

ades

Uni

ons

• In

dust

rial

act

ion

such

as

stri

kes,

wor

k to

rul

e, o

vert

ime

bans

. T

his

may

be

Pag

e 11

espe

cial

ly e

ffec

tive

in

the

publ

ic s

ecto

r,eg

str

ike

acti

on b

y N

HS

doct

ors.

•

Dem

onst

rati

ons/

prot

est—

rece

nt d

emon

stra

tion

s or

gani

sed

by t

each

ing

unio

ns.

• Pe

titi

ons—

incl

udin

g e-

peti

tion

s.

• Act

ions

to

attr

act

med

ia a

tten

tion

, eg

blo

ckad

es o

f pe

trol

dep

ots.

Th

e M

edia

•

New

spap

ers

supp

orti

ng/o

ppos

ing

cam

paig

ns b

y pr

essu

re g

roup

s, e

g su

ppor

t of

som

e ne

wsp

aper

s fo

r a

refe

rend

um o

ver

Euro

pe.

• N

ewsp

aper

s su

ppor

ting

/opp

osin

g a

part

icul

ar p

olit

ical

par

ty d

urin

g el

ecti

on

cam

paig

ns,

eg t

he t

radi

tion

al L

abou

r ve

rsus

Tor

y sp

lit

in t

he p

ress

. •

New

spap

ers

high

ligh

ting

wha

t th

ey s

ee a

s G

over

nmen

t in

com

pete

nce/

achi

evem

ents

, eg

Chi

ef W

hip

inci

dent

wit

h po

lice

off

icer

s.

• Br

oadc

ast

med

ia s

tric

tly

cont

rolled

by

legi

slat

ion

so c

anno

t at

tem

pt t

o in

flue

nce

the

Gov

ernm

ent.

Any

oth

er v

alid

poi

nt t

hat

mee

ts t

he c

rite

ria

desc

ribe

d in

the

gen

eral

m

arki

ng in

stru

ctio

ns f

or t

his

kind

of

ques

tion

(se

e co

lum

n to

left

).

Part

B

2Aw

ard

up t

o fo

ur m

arks

for

a s

ingl

e ex

plan

atio

n, d

epen

ding

on

qual

ity,

lev

el

of d

etai

l, r

elev

ance

, ac

cura

cy,

exem

plif

icat

ion

and

answ

ers

whi

ch s

how

th

e in

tera

ctio

n of

var

ious

fac

tors

.

8Can

dida

tes

can

be c

redi

ted

in a

num

ber

of w

ays

up t

o a

max

imum

of

8 m

arks

.

Cand

idat

es w

ho o

nly

expl

ain

eith

er a

dvan

tage

s or

dis

adva

ntag

es s

houl

d be

aw

arde

d a

max

imum

of

six

mar

ks.

Poss

ible

app

roac

hes

to a

nsw

erin

g th

e qu

esti

on:

An

adva

ntag

e of

the

fir

st p

ast

the

post

sys

tem

is

that

it

is e

asy

for

vote

rs t

o un

ders

tand

. [1

mar

k]

An

adva

ntag

e of

FPT

P is

tha

t it

pro

vide

s a

clea

r w

inne

r in

eac

h co

nsti

tuen

cy a

s a

sim

ple

maj

orit

y is

all t

hat

is n

eede

d.

[2 m

arks

—de

velo

ped

poin

t]

Pag

e 12

A d

isad

vant

age

of F

PTP

is t

hat

man

y vo

ters

in

safe

sea

ts f

eel th

at t

heir

vot

e is

w

orth

less

. F

or e

xam

ple,

a L

abou

r su

ppor

ter

in a

saf

e Con

serv

ativ

e co

nsti

tuen

cy

may

not

bot

her

voti

ng a

s La

bour

hav

e ve

ry lit

tle

chan

ce o

f w

inni

ng in

that

sea

t.

[3 m

arks

—w

ell de

velo

ped

poin

t]

A d

isad

vant

age

of F

PTP

is t

hat

in s

afe

cons

titu

enci

es t

he p

arti

es h

ave

a lo

t of

po

wer

in

choo

sing

the

MP.

Fo

r ex

ampl

e, in

a sa

fe L

abou

r se

at lik

e Ki

rkca

ldy

and

Cow

denb

eath

(La

bour

maj

orit

y 23

,000

) it

may

not

mat

ter

who

the

loc

al

Labo

ur p

arty

cho

oses

as

thei

r ca

ndid

ate

as t

he p

arty

has

suc

h a

larg

e m

ajor

ity.

M

any

vote

rs a

lway

s vo

te f

or t

he s

ame

part

y. Thi

s su

gges

ts t

hat

loca

l pa

rty

acti

vist

s ef

fect

ivel

y ch

oose

the

MP

and

not

loca

l vo

ters

. M

argi

nal

cons

titu

enci

es a

ctua

lly

prov

ide

vote

rs w

ith

mor

e po

wer

, eg

Edi

nbur

gh S

outh

w

hich

has

a L

abou

r m

ajor

ity

of 3

00.

[4 m

arks

—de

velo

ped

poin

ts w

ith

som

e de

tail,

anal

ysis

and

exe

mpl

ific

atio

n]

Cre

dit

refe

renc

e to

asp

ects

of

the

follow

ing:

A

dvan

tage

s•

Stra

ight

forw

ard

syst

em m

eans

vo

ters

not

con

fuse

d w

hich

may

m

ake

vote

rs f

eel pa

rt o

f th

e de

moc

rati

c pr

oces

s an

d en

cour

age

part

icip

atio

n.

• D

irec

tly

elec

ted

repr

esen

tati

ve—

one

per

cons

titu

ency

. M

Ps c

an b

e he

ld d

irec

tly

acco

unta

ble

by

cons

titu

ents

. •

Usu

ally

a q

uick

res

ult

is a

chie

ved

whi

ch a

void

s th

e un

cert

aint

y of

so

me

PR s

yste

ms.

•

Extr

emis

t pa

rtie

s su

ch a

s th

e BN

P ha

ve v

ery

litt

le c

hanc

e of

gai

ning

re

pres

enta

tion

.

Dis

adva

ntag

e•

Not

pro

port

iona

l so

man

y vo

ters

fe

el t

heir

vot

es a

re w

aste

d, e

g La

bour

sup

port

er in

a sa

fe

Con

serv

ativ

e se

at.

• En

cour

ages

ele

ctor

ate

to v

ote

tact

ical

ly.

Thi

s ad

vers

ely

affe

cts

the

dem

ocra

tic

natu

re o

f th

e pr

oces

s.

• M

any

MPs

ele

cted

on

a m

inor

ity

of t

he v

ote,

ie

win

ner

take

s al

l.

• Po

ssib

le f

or p

arty

to

form

m

ajor

ity

gove

rnm

ent

on m

inor

ity

of t

he p

opul

ar v

ote.

Pag

e 13

Any

oth

er r

elev

ant

fact

ual k

ey p

oint

of

know

ledg

e th

at m

eets

the

cri

teri

a de

scri

bed

in t

he g

ener

al m

arki

ng in

stru

ctio

ns f

or t

his

kind

of

ques

tion

(se

e co

lum

n to

left

).

Part

B

3The

can

dida

te is

requ

ired

to

use

a lim

ited

ran

ge o

f so

urce

s an

d dr

aw v

alid

co

nclu

sion

s fr

om t

hem

, w

ith

supp

orti

ng

evid

ence

.

8Can

dida

tes

can

be c

redi

ted

in a

num

ber

of w

ays

up t

o a

max

imum

of

8 m

arks

. Po

ssib

le a

ppro

ache

s to

ans

wer

ing

the

ques

tion

: Th

e w

ork

done

by

com

mit

tees

M

uch

of t

he im

port

ant

wor

k of

the

Par

liam

ent

done

in

sele

ct c

omm

itte

es

(Sou

rce

1).

The

re a

re S

elec

t Com

mit

tees

on

lots

of

issu

es (

Sour

ce 2

).

Sele

ct C

omm

itte

es h

ave

the

pow

er t

o in

vest

igat

e w

hat

they

wan

t. (

Sour

ce 3

).

[1 m

ark

awar

ded

over

all —

no c

oncl

usio

n re

ache

d or

jud

gem

ent

mad

e.

A s

erie

s of

rel

evan

t po

ints

arr

ange

d un

der

a co

rrec

t he

adin

g.]

• So

me

of t

he m

ost

impo

rtan

t w

ork

of P

arliam

ent

goes

on

in t

he m

any

Sele

ct

Com

mit

tees

(So

urce

1).

•

Rol

e is

to

“exa

min

e th

e ex

pend

itur

e, a

dmin

istr

atio

n an

d po

licy

of

the

prin

cipa

l G

over

nmen

t de

part

men

ts”

(Sou

rce

1).

•

Ove

r th

e ye

ars,

the

scr

utin

y ro

le o

f th

e Se

lect

Com

mit

tees

has

bec

ome

wel

l-es

tabl

ishe

d an

d w

ell-

publ

icis

ed (

Sour

ce 1

).

• Com

mit

tees

pla

y a

cent

ral pa

rt in

the

wor

k of

the

Par

liam

ent—

taki

ng

evid

ence

fro

m w

itne

sses

inc

ludi

ng s

enio

r G

over

nmen

t m

embe

rs,

scru

tini

sing

le

gisl

atio

n an

d co

nduc

ting

inq

uiri

es (

Sour

ce 1

).

• So

urce

2 ind

icat

es t

he r

ange

of

area

s of

int

eres

t of

Com

mit

tees

, eg

D

efen

ce,

Fore

ign

Aff

airs

, Tre

asur

y (S

ourc

e 2)

.

• The

Tre

asur

y Se

lect

Com

mit

tee

took

a lea

ding

rol

e in

inv

esti

gati

ng t

he

fina

ncia

l an

d ba

nkin

g cr

isis

of

2008

–09

(Sou

rce

3).

•

The

Com

mit

tee

choo

ses

its

own

subj

ects

of

inqu

iry.

•

Parl

iam

ent

has

give

n th

e Com

mit

tee

the

pow

er t

o se

nd f

or “

pers

ons,

pap

ers

and

reco

rds”

. It

the

refo

re h

as p

ower

s to

ins

ist

upon

the

att

enda

nce

of

wit

ness

es,

such

as

min

iste

rs a

nd c

ivil s

erva

nts,

and

the

pro

duct

ion

of p

aper

s an

d ot

her

mat

eria

l (S

ourc

e 3)

.

• Po

ssib

le c

oncl

usio

n —Com

mit

tees

do

a lo

t of

wor

k an

d pl

ay a

n im

port

ant

role

in

the

wor

k of

the

UK

Parl

iam

ent.

Pag

e 14

The

mem

bers

hip

of c

omm

itte

es

The

mem

bers

hip

of t

he c

omm

itte

es is

mad

e up

of

back

benc

h M

Ps f

rom

eve

ry

part

y.

Thi

s is

sup

port

ed b

y ev

iden

ce f

rom

Sou

rce

3 w

hich

say

s The

Tre

asur

y Se

lect

Com

mit

tee

has

8 La

bour

mem

bers

and

tw

o Li

bera

l de

moc

rats

.

[2 m

arks

. Con

clus

ion

give

n ta

ken

from

Sou

rce

1 —su

ppor

ted

by a

ccur

ate

and

rele

vant

evi

denc

e fr

om S

ourc

e 3.

] •

Com

mit

tees

nor

mal

ly c

onsi

st o

f ba

ckbe

nch

mem

bers

(So

urce

1).

•

Mem

bers

hip

refl

ects

the

com

posi

tion

of

the

part

ies

in t

he H

ouse

of

Com

mon

s as

a w

hole

. T

his

mea

ns t

he g

over

ning

par

ty a

lway

s ha

s a

maj

orit

y (S

ourc

e 1)

.

• M

ost

com

mit

tee

repo

rts

are

unan

imou

s, r

efle

ctin

g a

mor

e no

n-pa

rty

way

of

wor

king

. D

iffe

rent

par

ties

oft

en w

ork

toge

ther

and

try

to

reac

h ag

reem

ent

in t

he c

omm

itte

es (

Sour

ce 1

).

• M

Ps f

rom

eve

ry p

arty

tak

e pa

rt in

the

wor

k of

the

com

mit

tees

wit

h Com

mit

tee

Cha

irs

bein

g dr

awn

from

dif

fere

nt p

arti

es (

Sour

ce 1

).

• Cha

irs

draw

n fr

om t

hree

par

ties

, ie

Lab

our,

Con

serv

ativ

e an

d Li

bera

l D

emoc

rats

(So

urce

2).

•

The

Tre

asur

y Se

lect

Com

mit

tee

has

14 m

embe

rs;

Labo

ur 8

, Con

serv

ativ

es 4

, Li

bera

l D

emoc

rats

2 (

Sour

ce 3

).

• Po

ssib

le c

oncl

usio

n—Com

mit

tees

are

mad

e up

of

all pa

rtie

s al

thou

gh

gove

rnin

g pa

rty

(Lab

our

in 2

008-

09)

has

bigg

est

role

.

Publ

ic in

volv

emen

t in

com

mit

tees

M

embe

rs o

f th

e pu

blic

hav

e se

vera

l op

port

unit

ies

to g

et inv

olve

d in

pol

itic

s th

roug

h th

e se

lect

com

mit

tee

syst

em.

[or

igin

al c

oncl

usio

n] T

his

conc

lusi

on is

supp

orte

d by

evi

denc

e fr

om S

ourc

e 1

whi

ch s

ays

that

com

mit

tee

mee

ting

s ha

ve

been

hel

d in

dif

fere

nt p

arts

of

the

coun

try

wit

h th

e pu

blic

att

endi

ng.

The

pu

blic

are

wel

com

e to

att

end

and

can

also

fee

l in

volv

ed t

hrou

gh t

elev

isio

n co

vera

ge,

inte

rnet

bro

adca

st a

nd t

he w

ebsi

te.

The

pub

lic

have

bee

n in

volv

ed

in r

ecen

t Se

lect

Com

mit

tee

inve

stig

atio

ns,

eg F

red

Goo

dwin

and

the

10p

tax

is

sue.

(So

urce

3)

• Se

lect

Com

mit

tees

can

hol

d m

eeti

ngs

in d

iffe

rent

par

ts o

f th

e co

untr

y (S

ourc

e 1)

.

Pag

e 15

• M

embe

rs o

f th

e pu

blic

can

att

end

(Sou

rce

1).

• Ea

ch h

as its

ow

n w

ebsi

te a

nd c

omm

itte

e m

eeti

ngs

are

broa

dcas

t on

te

levi

sion

and

the

Inte

rnet

(So

urce

1).

•

Mem

bers

of

the

publ

ic a

re w

elco

me

to a

tten

d he

arin

gs o

f th

e co

mm

itte

e (S

ourc

e 3)

.

• At

a te

levi

sed

hear

ing

of t

he T

reas

ury

Sele

ct C

omm

itte

e, f

orm

er R

oyal

Ban

k of

Sco

tlan

d ch

ief

exec

utiv

e Si

r Fr

ed G

oodw

in t

old

MPs

he

“cou

ld n

ot b

e m

ore

sorr

y” f

or w

hat

had

happ

ened

dur

ing

the

bank

ing

cris

is (

Sour

ce 3

).

• Po

ssib

le c

oncl

usio

n—pu

blic

doe

s ha

ve s

ome

acce

ss t

o w

ork

of c

omm

itte

es.

A

ny o

ther

val

id r

easo

n th

at m

eets

the

cri

teri

a de

scri

bed

in t

he g

ener

al

mar

king

inst

ruct

ions

for

thi

s ki

nd o

f qu

esti

on (

see

colu

mn

to le

ft).

Pag

e 16

Sect

ion

2 G

ener

al M

arki

ng In

stru

ctio

ns f

or t

his

type

of

ques

tion

M

ax

mar

kSp

ecif

ic M

arki

ng In

stru

ctio

ns f

or t

his

ques

tion

Part

C

1 Aw

ard

up t

o th

ree

mar

ks f

or a

sin

gle

desc

ript

ion,

dep

endi

ng o

n qu

alit

y, lev

el

of d

etai

l, r

elev

ance

, ac

cura

cy a

nd

exem

plif

icat

ion.

At

leas

t tw

o de

scri

ptio

ns a

re n

eces

sary

for

ful

l m

arks

.

6Can

dida

tes

can

be c

redi

ted

in a

num

ber

of w

ays

up t

o a

max

imum

of

6 m

arks

.

Poss

ible

app

roac

hes

to a

nsw

erin

g th

e qu

esti

on:

The

Gov

ernm

ent

prov

ides

the

pen

sion

for

eld

erly

peo

ple.

[1

mar

k —ac

cura

te b

ut u

ndev

elop

ed p

oint

] The

Gov

ernm

ent

trie

s to

hel

p un

empl

oyed

peo

ple

by p

rovi

ding

“Jo

bcen

tre

plus

” w

hich

giv

es t

hem

fre

e in

terv

iew

adv

ice.

[2

mar

ks—

accu

rate

poi

nt w

ith

deve

lopm

ent]

The

Gov

ernm

ent

has

help

ed p

rote

ct e

thni

c m

inor

ity

grou

ps t

hrou

gh t

he E

qual

ity

Act

(20

10).

Thi

s re

plac

es v

ario

us o

ther

law

s ag

ains

t ra

cism

. The

se g

roup

s ca

nnot

be

disc

rim

inat

ed a

gain

st in

any

wal

k of

lif

e, e

g ho

usin

g, e

mpl

oym

ent,

be

nefi

ts,

leis

ure,

law

and

ord

er.

[3 m

arks

—ac

cura

te p

oint

wit

h de

velo

pmen

t an

d ex

empl

ific

atio

n]

Ethn

ic m

inor

ity

grou

ps

• Pr

otec

tion

fro

m d

iscr

imin

atio

n th

roug

h va

riou

s pi

eces

of

legi

slat

ion

now

co

nsol

idat

ed b

y th

e Eq

uality

Act

(20

10).

•

Supp

ort

of v

ario

us a

nti-

raci

st c

ampa

igns

, eg

“O

ne S

cotl

and,

Man

y Cul

ture

s”.

• Var

ious

soc

ial be

nefi

ts p

rovi

ded

to a

ll a

ffec

ted

grou

ps,

eg Inc

ome

Supp

ort,

H

ousi

ng B

enef

it.

Wel

fare

Ref

orm

Act

int

rodu

cing

the

Uni

vers

al B

enef

it a

nd

refo

rmin

g th

e So

cial

Fun

d sy

stem

. El

derl

y pe

ople

•

Prot

ecti

on f

rom

dis

crim

inat

ion

thro

ugh

vari

ous

piec

es o

f le

gisl

atio

n no

w

cons

olid

ated

by

the

Equa

lity

Act

(20

10).

•

Prov

isio

n of

the

Sta

te r

etir

emen

t pe

nsio

n an

d in

trod

ucti

on o

f ne

w

Wor

kpla

ce P

ensi

ons

in 2

012.

•

Var

ious

soc

ial be

nefi

ts p

rovi

ded

to a

ll a

ffec

ted

grou

ps,

eg Inc

ome

Supp

ort,

H

ousi

ng B

enef

it.

Wel

fare

Ref

orm

Act

whi

ch m

akes

big

cha

nges

to

Dis

abilit

y Li

ving

Allow

ance

.

Pag

e 17

• Var

ious

fre

e, u

nive

rsal

ben

efit

s av

aila

ble

to t

he e

lder

ly s

uch

as f

ree

pers

onal

car

e in

Sco

tlan

d an

d fr

ee b

us t

rave

l.

Une

mpl

oyed

•

Var

ious

ser

vice

s pr

ovid

ed b

y Jo

bcen

tre

plus

suc

h as

“Th

e W

ork

Prog

ram

me”

, “W

ork

Clu

bs”,

“En

terp

rise

Clu

bs”

etc.

Job

cent

re p

lus

also

pr

ovid

es a

dvic

e, j

ob s

earc

h fa

ciliti

es a

nd a

cces

s to

ben

efit

s.

• Pr

ovis

ion

of b

enef

its

incl

udin

g th

e ne

w U

nive

rsal

Cre

dit

whi

ch a

ims

to

enco

urag

e cl

aim

ants

bac

k in

to w

ork.

Thi

s w

ill in

volv

e re

form

of

the

Empl

oym

ent

and

Supp

ort

Allow

ance

, Jo

b Se

eker

s Allow

ance

etc

. •

Tra

inin

g/re

trai

ning

opp

ortu

niti

es t

hrou

gh f

urth

er e

duca

tion

and

or

gani

sati

ons

such

as

“Ski

lls

Dev

elop

men

t Sc

otla

nd”

prov

idin

g sc

hem

es lik

e M

oder

n App

rent

ices

hips

and

its

web

site

“M

y w

orld

of

wor

k”.

Lone

par

ent

fam

ilies

•

Prot

ecti

on f

rom

dis

crim

inat

ion

thro

ugh

the

Equa

lity

Act

(20

10).

•

Var

ious

soc

ial be

nefi

ts p

rovi

ded

to a

ll a

ffec

ted

grou

ps,

eg Inc

ome

Supp

ort,

H

ousi

ng B

enef

it.

Wel

fare

Ref

orm

Act

int

rodu

cing

the

Uni

vers

al B

enef

it

whi

ch c

onta

ins

a ch

ildc

are

elem

ent

repl

acin

g Chi

ld T

ax C

redi

t.

• Fr

ee n

urse

ry p

lace

s fo

r th

ree

and

four

-yea

r-ol

ds,

Sure

Sta

rt C

hild

ren’

s Cen

tres

, M

ater

nity

Gra

nts

etc.

D

isab

led

grou

ps

• Pr

otec

tion

fro

m d

iscr

imin

atio

n th

roug

h th

e Eq

uality

Act

(20

10),

rep

laci

ng

vari

ous

piec

es o

f di

sabi

lity

rig

hts

legi

slat

ion.

•

Var

ious

soc

ial be

nefi

ts p

rovi

ded

to a

ll a

ffec

ted

grou

ps,

eg Inc

ome

Supp

ort,

H

ousi

ng B

enef

it.

Wel

fare

Ref

orm

Act

int

rodu

cing

the

Uni

vers

al B

enef

it

whi

ch c

onta

ins

a Pe

rson

al In

depe

nden

ce p

aym

ent.

W

omen

•

Prot

ecti

on f

rom

dis

crim

inat

ion

thro

ugh

the

Equa

lity

Act

(20

10),

rep

laci

ng

vari

ous

piec

es o

f le

gisl

atio

n.

• Var

ious

soc

ial be

nefi

ts p

rovi

ded

to a

ll a

ffec

ted

grou

ps,

eg Inc

ome

Supp

ort,

H

ousi

ng B

enef

it.

Wel

fare

Ref

orm

Act

int

rodu

cing

the

Uni

vers

al B

enef

it

whi

ch w

ill e

ncou

rage

cla

iman

ts b

ack

into

wor

k.

Pag

e 18

Any

oth

er v

alid

poi

nt t

hat

mee

ts t

he c

rite

ria

desc

ribe

d in

the

gen

eral

m

arki

ng in

stru

ctio

ns f

or t

his

kind

of

ques

tion

(se

e co

lum

n to

left

).

Part

C

2 Aw

ard

up t

o fo

ur m

arks

for

a s

ingl

e ex

plan

atio

n, d

epen

ding

on

qual

ity,

lev

el

of d

etai

l, r

elev

ance

, ac

cura

cy,

exem

plif

icat

ion

and

answ

ers

whi

ch s

how

th

e in

tera

ctio

n of

var

ious

fac

tors

.

6Can

dida

tes

can

be c

redi

ted

in a

num

ber

of w

ays

up t

o a

max

imum

of

6 m

arks

. Cre

dit

answ

ers

whi

ch e

xpla

in w

hy p

eopl

e ha

ve g

ood

heal

th o

r ot

hers

do

not

have

goo

d he

alth

or

a co

mbi

nati

on o

f th

e tw

o ap

proa

ches

to

expl

aini

ng t

he

issu

e.

Poss

ible

app

roac

hes

to a

nsw

erin

g th

e qu

esti

on:

Som

e pe

ople

hav

e go

od h

ealt

h be

caus

e th

ey e

at v

eget

able

s.

[1 m

ark —

accu

rate

but

und

evel

oped

poi

nt]

Som

e pe

ople

hav

e go

od h

ealt

h be

caus

e th

ey t

ake

regu

lar

exer

cise

whi

ch k

eeps

th

eir

hear

t fi

t an

d st

rong

. [2

mar

ks—

accu

rate

poi

nt w

ith

deve

lopm

ent]

So

me

peop

le h

ave

poor

hea

lth

as t

hey

may

liv

e in

a p

oor

qual

ity

hous

e. If

they

ha

ve ina

dequ

ate

heat

ing

or t

heir

hou

se is

dam

p th

en c

ondi

tion

s like

ast

hma

and

bron

chit

is a

re m

ore

like

ly.

[3 m

arks

—ac

cura

te p

oint

wit

h de

velo

pmen

t an

d ex

empl

ific

atio

n]

Som

e pe

ople

hav

e po

or h

ealt

h du

e to

the

cho

ices

the

y m

ake

in t

he w

ay t

hey

live

the

ir liv

es.

Smok

ers

are

mor

e like

ly t

o de

velo

p lu

ng c

ance

r, d

rink

ers

are

mor

e like

ly t

o da

mag

e th

eir

liver

and

tho

se w

ho a

buse

her

oin

are

mor

e like

ly t

o fa

ll v

icti

m t

o H

IV/A

IDS.

Peo

ple

choo

se t

o do

the

se t

hing

s bu

t th

ey a

re a

lso

link

ed t

o po

vert

y, ie

peop

le w

ho liv

e in

pov

erty

are

mor

e like

ly t

o ch

oose

to

abus

e th

emse

lves

in

thes

e w

ays.

Thi

s is

sho

wn

by t

he f

act

that

lif

e ex

pect

ancy

in

Sco

tlan

d’s

poor

est

area

s is

alm

ost

twen

ty y

ears

les

s th

an in

its

wea

lthi

est

area

s.

[4 m

arks

—re

leva

nt,

accu

rate

poi

nt w

ith

deve

lopm

ent,

ana

lysi

s an

d ex

empl

ific

atio

n]

• Li

fest

yle

fact

ors —

eg t

he e

ffec

ts o

f sm

okin

g, d

rink

/alc

ohol

abu

se,

lack

of

exer

cise

.

• So

cial

and

eco

nom

ic d

isad

vant

ages

—eg

poo

r di

et,

effe

cts

of p

over

ty.

Pag

e 19

• G

eogr

aphy

and

env

iron

men

t—eg

poor

qua

lity

hou

sing

, lim

ited

acc

ess

to

loca

l am

enit

ies,

hig

h le

vels

of

crim

e.

• Age

—The

old

er y

ou a

re t

he m

ore

like

ly y

ou a

re t

o su

ffer

poo

r he

alth

.

• G

ende

r —W

omen

liv

e lo

nger

tha

n m

en b

ut a

re m

ore

like

ly t

o su

ffer

poo

r he

alth

.

• Rac

e—H

igh

inci

denc

e of

hea

rt a

ttac

ks,

stro

kes,

dep

ress

ion

etc

amon

gst

som

e et

hnic

min

orit

ies.

Als

o m

ore

like

ly t

o su

ffer

soc

io-e

cono

mic

di

sadv

anta

ge a

nd t

here

fore

suf

fer

ill he

alth

due

to

this

.

Any

oth

er r

elev

ant

fact

ual k

ey p

oint

of

know

ledg

e th

at m

eets

the

cri

teri

a de

scri

bed

in t

he g

ener

al m

arki

ng in

stru

ctio

ns f

or t

his

kind

of

ques

tion

(se

e co

lum

n to

left

)

Part

C

3 The

can

dida

te is

requ

ired

to

eval

uate

a

lim

ited

ran

ge o

f so

urce

s, d

etec

ting

and

ex

plai

ning

ins

tanc

es o

f ex

agge

rati

on

and/

or s

elec

tive

use

of

fact

s, g

ivin

g de

velo

ped

argu

men

ts.

In

ord

er t

o ac

hiev

e fu

ll m

arks

ca

ndid

ates

mus

t sh

ow e

vide

nce

that

has

be

en s

elec

ted

as it

supp

orts

the

vie

w

and

show

evi

denc

e th

at h

as n

ot b

een

sele

cted

as

it d

oes

not

supp

ort

the

view

. An

answ

er w

hich

dea

ls w

ith

only

one

si

de o

f th

e ex

plan

atio

n sh

ould

be

awar

ded

a m

axim

um o

f 6

mar

ks.

8Can

dida

tes

can

be c

redi

ted

in a

num

ber

of w

ays

up t

o a

max

imum

of

8 m

arks

. Po

ssib

le a

ppro

ache

s to

ans

wer

ing

the

ques

tion

: O

ptio

n 1:

Dan

ny W

ilson

is n

ot s

elec

tive

in h

is v

iew

“Th

e ho

mel

ess

prob

lem

in

Sco

tlan

d is

cau

sed

by a

lack

of

avai

labl

e ho

uses

.”

Can

dida

te s

houl

d gi

ve inf

orm

atio

n th

at D

anny

Wilso

n ha

s se

lect

ed b

ecau

se it

supp

orts

his

vie

w.

Dan

ny’s

vie

w is

not

sele

ctiv

e as

Sou

rce

1 sh

ows

that

the

num

ber

of n

ew h

ouse

s is

dow

n 38

%.

[1 m

ark —

accu

rate

use

of

Sour

ce 1

but

min

imal

dev

elop

men

t]

Dan

ny’s

vie

w is

not

sele

ctiv

e as

Sou

rce

1 sh

ows

that

the

num

ber

of n

ew h

ouse

s bu

ilt

in 2

011/

12 f

ell to

a f

our-

year

-low

of

15,9

00 w

hich

is

not

near

ly e

noug

h to

ta

ckle

the

hug

e nu

mbe

rs w

ho h

ave

been

acc

epte

d as

hom

eles

s —35

,515

ho

useh

olds

acc

ordi

ng t

o So

urce

1.

[2 m

arks

—ac

cura

te a

nd d

etai

led

use

of s

tati

stic

s]

Cre

dit

refe

renc

e to

asp

ects

of

the

follow

ing:

• The

“Rig

ht t

o Bu

y” p

olic

y ha

s re

duce

d th

e nu

mbe

rs o

f av

aila

ble

hom

es b

y 80

,411

[S2

] w

hich

mea

ns f

ewer

“de

cent

hom

es f

or r

enta

l” [

S1].

Pag

e 20

• O

nly

7,84

7 co

unci

l ho

uses

are

em

pty

[S1]

whi

ch is

not

enou

gh c

onsi

deri

ng

that

ove

r 35

,000

hou

seho

lds

have

bee

n ac

cept

ed a

s ho

mel

ess

by o

ur loc

al

coun

cils

. [S

1]

• Cou

ncils

are

not

buildi

ng e

noug

h ne

w h

ouse

s, o

nly

5,86

1 ac

cord

ing

to

Sour

ce 2

. Thi

s is

par

tly

due

to t

he 4

5% c

ut in

the

Scot

tish

Gov

ernm

ent’

s ho

usin

g bu

dget

[S1

] w

hich

sho

uld

be r

ever

sed

[S3]

if

the

prob

lem

s ar

e to

be

tack

led.

Opt

ion

2: D

anny

Wils

on is

sel

ecti

ve in

his

vie

w “

The

hom

eles

s pr

oble

m in

Sc

otla

nd is

cau

sed

by a

lack

of

avai

labl

e ho

uses

.”

Can

dida

te s

houl

d gi

ve inf

orm

atio

n th

at D

anny

Wilso

n ha

s no

t se

lect

ed b

ecau

se

it d

oes

not

supp

ort

his

view

. D

anny

Wilso

n’s

view

is

sele

ctiv

e w

hen

he s

ays

‘the

hom

eles

s pr

oble

m in

Scot

land

is

caus

ed b

y a

lack

of

avai

labl

e ho

uses

’ as

sou

rce

3 sh

ows

that

peo

ple

are

mad

e ho

mel

ess

for

a va

riet

y of

rea

sons

whi

ch h

ave

noth

ing

to d

o w

ith

a sh

orta

ge o

f av

aila

ble

hom

es.

The

se inc

lude

rel

ease

fro

m p

riso

n or

hos

pita

l,

whi

ch a

ccou

nts

for

5% o

f th

e ho

mel

ess.

Alt

houg

h th

is is

only

one

in

twen

ty

peop

le,

the

situ

atio

n ha

s be

en m

ade

wor

se b

y m

assi

ve G

over

nmen

t cu

ts o

f 45

%

whi

ch h

as e

xagg

erat

ed t

he p

robl

em f

or v

ulne

rabl

e gr

oups

[S3

] an

d no

t he

lped

th

e ch

arit

ies

like

SACRO

and

APE

X w

ho h

ave

lim

ited

fun

ding

. [S

1 an

d S3

] [3

mar

ks—

accu

rate

inf

orm

atio

n fr

om t

wo

sour

ces

wit

h so

me

eval

uati

ve

term

inol

ogy

used

reg

ardi

ng t

he s

tati

stic

inc

lude

d, ie

“onl

y on

e in

tw

enty

” an

d “m

assi

ve”]

Cre

dit

refe

renc

e to

asp

ects

of

the

follow

ing:

•

Ove

r 40

% o

f ho

mel

ess

peop

le a

re h

omel

ess

beca

use

of r

easo

ns inc

ludi

ng

bein

g in

tim

idat

ed b

y an

ti-s

ocia

l (S

1) o

r vi

olen

t ne

ighb

ours

(S3

). T

his

acco

unts

for

5% o

f th

e ho

mel

ess

and

is n

ot c

ause

d by

a lac

k of

hou

sing

. •

Som

e pe

ople

bec

ome

hom

eles

s be

caus

e th

ey d

o no

t pa

y th

eir

rent

or

mor

tgag

e. T

his

is a

sm

all fi

gure

(5%

) bu

t it

is

not

caus

ed b

y a

lack

of

hous

ing

as t

here

are

87,

000

empt

y ho

uses

in

Scot

land

and

7,8

47 e

mpt

y co

unci

l ho

uses

. •

Dan

ny is

sele

ctiv

e be

caus

e a

com

pari

son

of a

ll t

ypes

of

empt

y ho

uses

(S1

)

Pag

e 21

(87,

000)

and

the

num

bers

who

are

hom

eles

s (3

5,51

5)sh

ow t

hat

ther

e ar

e m

ore

than

eno

ugh

avai

labl

e ho

uses

to

mee

t de

man

d.

• H

omel

essn

ess

has

fallen

by

2,58

5 ho

useh

olds

sin

ce 2

010–

11,

acco

mpa

nied

by

a f

all in

new

hou

ses.

If a

sho

rtag

e of

hou

ses

was

to

blam

e th

en

hom

eles

snes

s w

ould

hav

e go

ne u

p.

Any

oth

er v

alid

rea

son

that

mee

ts t

he c

rite

ria

desc

ribe

d in

the

gen

eral

m

arki

ng in

stru

ctio

ns f

or t

his

kind

of

ques

tion

(se

e co

lum

n to

left

).

Pag

e 22

Sect

ion

2G

ener

al M

arki

ng In

stru

ctio

ns f

or t

his

type

of

ques

tion

M

ax

mar

kSp

ecif

ic M

arki

ng In

stru

ctio

ns f

or t

his

ques

tion

Part

D

1Aw

ard

up t

o th

ree

mar

ks f

or a

sin

gle

desc

ript

ion,

dep

endi

ng o

n qu

alit

y, lev

el

of d

etai

l, r

elev

ance

, ac

cura

cy a

nd

exem

plif

icat

ion.

At

leas

t tw

o de

scri

ptio

ns a

re n

eces

sary

for

ful

l m

arks

.

6Can

dida

tes

can

be c

redi

ted

in a

num

ber

of w

ays

up t

o a

max

imum

of

6 m

arks

.

Poss

ible

app

roac

hes

to a

nsw

erin

g th

e qu

esti

on:

The

pol

ice

try

to r

educ

e cr

ime

by a

rres

ting

sus

pect

s.

[1 m

ark —

accu

rate

but

und

evel

oped

poi

nt]

The

pol

ice

try

to r

educ

e cr

ime

leve

ls b

y pr

omot

ing

crim

e pr

even

tion

cam

paig

ns

such

as

“Nei

ghbo

urho

od W

atch

”.

[2 m

arks

—ac

cura

te p

oint

wit

h de

velo

pmen

t]

The

pol

ice

try

to r

educ

e cr

ime

leve

ls b

y w

orki

ng in

the

com

mun

ity.

The

y vi

sit

scho

ols

to t

alk

to p

upils

and

som

e sc

hool

s ha

ve “

cam

pus”

off

icer

s w

ho t

ry t

o ge

t to

kno

w p

upils

and

stee

r th

em c

lear

of

trou

ble.

In m

y sc

hool

man

y pu

pils

at

tend

reg

ular

“Bl

ue L

ight

” di

scos

org

anis

ed b

y th

e lo

cal po

lice

off

icer

s.

[3 m

arks

—ac

cura

te p

oint

wit

h de

velo

pmen

t an

d ex

empl

ific

atio

n]

• M

aint

ain

law

and

ord

er b

y ha

ving

foo

t pa

trol

off

icer

s “o

n th

e be

at”.

•

Det

ect

crim

es,

eg c

arry

out

inv

esti

gati

ons,

int

ervi

ew w

itne

sses

, pr

oces

s ev

iden

ce.

Rol

e of

CID

. •

Cri

me

prev

enti

on,

eg v

isit

ing

scho

ols,

Nei

ghbo

urho

od W

atch

.

• H

ighl

y vi

sibl

e pr

esen

ce a

t pu

blic

eve

nts,

eg

secu

rity

at

foot

ball m

atch

es.

• In

itia

tive

s, e

g kn

ife

amne

stie

s.

• W

ork

wit

h co

mm

unit

y gr

oups

and

cha

riti

es s

uch

as A

pex.

A

ny o

ther

val

id p

oint

tha

t m

eets

the

cri

teri

a de

scri

bed

in t

he g

ener

al

mar

king

inst

ruct

ions

for

thi

s ki

nd o

f qu

esti

on (

see

colu

mn

to le

ft).

Pag

e 23

Part

D

2Aw

ard

up t

o fo

ur m

arks

for

a s

ingl

e ex

plan

atio

n, d

epen

ding

on

qual

ity,

lev

el

of d

etai

l, r

elev

ance

, ac

cura

cy,

exem

plif

icat

ion

and

answ

ers

whi

ch s

how

th

e in

tera

ctio

n of

var

ious

fac

tors

.

6Can

dida

tes

can

be c

redi

ted

in a

num

ber

of w

ays

up t

o a

max

imum

of

6 m

arks

.

Poss

ible

app

roac

hes

to a

nsw

erin

g th

e qu

esti

on:

Som

e pe

ople

com

mit

cri

me

beca

use

they

are

bor

ed.

[1

mar

k —ac

cura

te b

ut u

ndev

elop

ed p

oint

] So

me

peop

le c

omm

it c

rim

e be

caus

e th

ey a

re a

ddic

ted

to d

rugs

and

ste

al t

hing

s to

pay

for

the

se.

[2 m

arks

—ac

cura

te p

oint

wit

h de

velo

pmen

t]

Som

e pe

ople

com

mit

cri

me

beca

use

they

are

inf

luen

ced

by t

hose

aro

und

them

. Pe

er p

ress

ure

is v

ery

impo

rtan

t es

peci

ally

am

ongs

t yo

ung

peop

le w

ho f

eel

excl

uded

fro

m s

ocie

ty.

Som

e yo

ung

peop

le c

an b

e en

cour

aged

int

o dr

ug t

akin

g an

d cr

ime

just

for

the

“th

rill”.

[3

mar

ks—

accu

rate

poi

nt w

ith

deve

lopm

ent

and

exem

plif

icat

ion]

Pe

ople

com

mit

cri

me

for

num

erou

s re

ason

s. M

any

offe

nder

s co

me

from

de

priv

ed a

reas

and

fee

l a

sens

e of

hop

eles

snes

s ab

out

thei

r fu

ture

. H

owev

er,

“whi

te c

olla

r cr

ime”

see

ms

to b

e m

otiv

ated

by

gree

d. M

any

very

ric

h pe

ople

in

the

fina

ncia

l in

dust

ries

hav

e be

en g

uilt

y of

the

ft a

nd f

raud

des

pite

the

fac

t th

at

they

app

ear

to h

ave

ever

ythi

ng t

hey

need

. M

any

see

“whi

te c

olla

r cr

ime”

as

inev

itab

le a

s pe

ople

are

bou

nd t

o be

tem

pted

by

the

huge

sum

s of

mon

ey t

hat

they

man

age.

A r

ecen

t ex

ampl

e of

“w

hite

col

lar

crim

e” w

as t

he s

cand

al o

ver

MPs

’ ex

pens

es.

[4 m

arks

—re

leva

nt,

accu

rate

poi

nt w

ith

deve

lopm

ent,

ana

lysi

s an

d ex

empl

ific

atio

n]

• Fa

mily

back

grou

nd,

crim

inal

beh

avio

ur w

ithi

n fa

mily.

•

Peer

pre

ssur

e/ro

le m

odel

s.

• Alie

nati

on f

rom

soc

iety

. •

Poor

env

iron

men

t.

• So

cial

and

eco

nom

ic c

ircu

mst

ance

s.

• Cri

min

al b

ehav

iour

whi

le y

oung

. •

Thr

ill se

ekin

g.

• Res

pons

e to

pov

erty

/eco

nom

ic ine

qual

ity.

Pag

e 24

• G

reed

.•

Opp

ortu

nist

ic c

rim

e.

• Li

nk w

ith

alco

hol/

drug

use

•

Impa

ct o

f vi

olen

t m

edia

. A

ny o

ther

rel

evan

t fa

ctua

l key

poi

nt o

f kn

owle

dge

that

mee

ts t

he c

rite

ria

desc

ribe

d in

the

gen

eral

mar

king

inst

ruct

ions

for

thi

s ki

nd o

f qu

esti

on (

see

colu

mn

to le

ft).

Part

D

3The

can

dida

te is

requ

ired

to

eval

uate

a

lim

ited

ran

ge o

f so

urce

s, d

etec

ting

and

ex

plai

ning

ins

tanc

es o

f ex

agge

rati

on

and/

or s

elec

tive

use

of

fact

s, g

ivin

g de

velo

ped

argu

men

ts.

In

ord

er t

o ac

hiev

e fu

ll m

arks

ca

ndid

ates

mus

t sh

ow e

vide

nce

that

has

be

en s

elec

ted

as it

supp

orts

the

vie

w

and

show

evi

denc

e th

at h

as n

ot b

een

sele

cted

as

it d

oes

not

supp

ort

the

view

. An

answ

er w

hich

dea

ls w

ith

only

one

si

de o

f th

e ex

plan

atio

n sh

ould

be

awar

ded

a m

axim

um o

f 6

mar

ks.

8Can

dida

tes

can

be c

redi

ted

in a

num

ber

of w

ays

up t

o a

max

imum

of

8 m

arks

. Po

ssib

le a

ppro

ache

s to

ans

wer

ing

the

ques

tion

: O

ptio

n 1:

Bill

y M

acke

nzie

is n

ot s

elec

tive

in h

is v

iew

, “G

ivin

g an

yone

cau

ght

carr

ying

a k

nife

a p

riso

n se

nten

ce is

a g

ood

way

to

redu

ce k

nife

cri

me.

” Can

dida

te s

houl

d gi

ve inf

orm

atio

n th

at B

illy

Mac

kenz

ie h

as s

elec

ted

beca

use

it

supp

orts

his

vie

w.

Billy’

s vi

ew is

not

sele

ctiv

e as

Sou

rce

2 su

ppor

ts h

is v

iew

bec

ause

the

num

ber

of c

onvi

ctio

ns f

or c

arry

ing

a kn

ife

is h

ighe

r in

200

7/08

com

pare

d w

ith

1998

/99.

[1

mar

k —ac

cura

te u

se o

f so

urce

2 b

ut m

inim

al d

evel

opm

ent]

Bi

lly’

s vi

ew is

not

sele

ctiv

e as

Sou

rce

2 su

ppor

ts h

is v

iew

bec

ause

the

num

ber

of c

onvi

ctio

ns f

or c

arry

ing

a kn

ife

has

rise

n in

mos

t ye

ars

from

199

8/99

whe

n it

w

as a

bout

7,0

00 u

ntil it

reac

hed

a pe

ak in

2006

/07

at o

ver

10,0

00.

[2 m

arks

—ac

cura

te a

nd d

etai

led

use

of s

tati

stic

s]

Cre

dit

refe

renc

e to

asp

ects

of

the

follow

ing:

•

Com

mun

ity

grou

ps h

ave

called

on

the

Gov

ernm

ent

to t

ake

acti

on o

n de

terr

ing

youn

g pe

ople

fro

m c

arry

ing

such

wea

pons

(So

urce

1)

back

ed b

y “P

eopl

e ar

e w

orri

ed a

bout

cri

me.

” (S

ourc

e 3)

.

• The

num

ber

of p

eopl

e se

nt t

o pr

ison

for

car

ryin

g a

knif

e in

pub

lic

fell t

o a

five

-yea

r-lo

w in

2008

whe

n on

ly o

ne in

thre

e of

fend

ers

wer

e ja

iled

(So

urce

1)

bac

ked

by r

ise

in n

umbe

r of

mur

ders

wit

h kn

ives

at

its

peak

(53

%)

Pag

e 25

(Sou

rce

2) s

how

ing

curr

ent

syst

em n

ot w

orki

ng.

• 1,

200

offe

nder

s w

ere

sent

ence

d fo

r po

sses

sion

of

a kn

ife

or o

ffen

sive

w

eapo

n be

twee

n 20

04 a

nd 2

009,

but

onl

y 31

4 w

ere

give

n cu

stod

ial te

rms

(Sou

rce

1) b

acke

d by

per

cent

age

of m

urde

rs w

ith

kniv

es r

isin

g fr

om 3

7% in

2005

to

48%

in

2007

and

han

dlin

g an

off

ensi

ve w

eapo

n ri

sing

fro

m a

roun

d 9,

000

to 1

0,00

0 in

Sou

rce

2.

• In

200

9, o

ne in

five

peo

ple

conv

icte

d of

car

ryin

g a

knif

e or

off

ensi

ve

wea

pon

in E

dinb

urgh

has

pre

viou

sly

been

cha

rged

for

a s

imilar

off

ence

(S

ourc

e 1)

sho

ws

curr

ent

sent

ence

s do

not

det

er t

he c

arry

ing

of k

nive

s.

Thi

s is

bac

ked

by 7

8% o

f G

lasg

ow y

outh

s w

ho s

aid

they

wou

ld s

top

carr

ying

a

knif

e if

the

y w

ere

give

n a

pris

on s

ente

nce

(Sou

rce

1)

Opt

ion

2: B

illy

Mac

kenz

ie is

sel

ecti

ve in

his

vie

w,

“Giv

ing

anyo

ne c

augh

t ca

rryi

ng a

kni

fe a

pri

son

sent

ence

is a

goo

d w

ay t

o re

duce

kni

fe c

rim

e.”

Can

dida

te s

houl

d gi

ve inf

orm

atio

n th

at B

illy

Mac

kenz

ie h

as n

ot s

elec

ted

beca

use

it d

oes

not

supp

ort

his

view

.

Billy

Mac

kenz

ie’s

vie

w is

bein

g se

lect

ive

whe

n it

say

s ‘g

ivin

g al

l pe

ople

cau

ght

carr

ying

a k

nife

a p

riso

n se

nten

ce is

a go

od w

ay t

o re

duce

kni

fe c

rim

e’ a

s on

ly

30% o

f yo

ung

peop

le t

houg

ht t

hat

intr

oduc

ing

toug

her

sent

ence

s w

ould

red

uce

knif

e cr

ime

whi

ch is

quit

e a

smal

l pe

rcen

tage

and

thi

s is

sup

port

ed b

y Lo

uise

M

cKay

who

say

s th

at loc

king

up

peop

le w

ho c

arry

kni

ves

is n

ot t

he a

nsw

er t

o ta

ckling

thi

s pr

oble

m.

[3 m

arks

—ac

cura

te inf

orm

atio

n fr

om t

wo

sour

ces

wit

h so

me

eval

uati

ve

term

inol

ogy

used

reg

ardi

ng t

he s

tati

stic

inc

lude

d, ie

‘onl

y’ a

nd ‘

quit

e a

smal

l pe

rcen

tage

’]

Cre

dit

refe

renc

e to

asp

ects

of

the

follow

ing:

•

Scot

tish

Pri

sons

rep

orte

d th

at a

s a

resu

lt o

f ov

ercr

owdi

ng,

offe

nder

s w

ere

not

serv

ing

thei

r fu

ll s

ente

nce

and

wer

e be

ing

rele

ased

ear

ly (

Sour

ce 1

).

Thi

s sh

ows

that

int

rodu

cing

man

dato

ry s

ente

ncin

g w

ill o

nly

crow

d pr

ison

s fu

rthe

r.

• 30

% o

f yo

ung

peop

le t

houg

ht t

hat

intr

oduc

ing

toug

her

sent

ence

s w

ould

re

duce

kni

fe c

rim

e (S

ourc

e 1)

whi

ch is

a m

inor

ity

back

ed b

y So

urce

3.

Pag

e 26

“Loc

king

up

peop

le is

not

the

answ

er…

”•

53% o

f te

ens

ques

tion

ed t

houg

ht t

hat

com

mun

ity

sent

ence

s w

ere

an

appr

opri

ate

puni

shm

ent

for

youn

g pe

ople

fou

nd c

arry

ing

a kn

ife.

Ba

cked

by

Sou

rce

3. “

Com

mun

ity

proj

ects

wou

ld h

elp

youn

g pe

ople

rea

lise

how

m

uch

dam

age

they

can

do

them

selv

es a

nd o

ther

s by

car

ryin

g a

knif

e. …

” (S

ourc

e 3)

. A

ny o

ther

val

id r

easo

n th

at m

eets

the

cri

teri

a de

scri

bed

in t

he g

ener

al

mar

king

inst

ruct

ions

for

thi

s ki

nd o

f qu

esti

on (

see

colu

mn

to le

ft).

Pag

e 27

Sect

ion

3 G

ener

al m

arki

ng In

stru

ctio

ns f

or t

his

type

of

ques

tion

M

ax

Mar

kSp

ecif

ic M

arki

ng In

stru

ctio

ns f

or t

his

ques

tion

Part

E

1Aw

ard

up t

o th

ree

mar

ks f

or a

sin

gle

desc

ript

ion,

dep

endi

ng o

n qu

alit

y, lev

el

of d

etai

l, r

elev

ance

, ac

cura

cy a

nd

exem

plif

icat

ion.

At

leas

t tw

o de

scri

ptio

ns a

re n

eces

sary

for

ful

l m

arks

.

Ans

wer

s m

ay f

ocus

on

any

one

of t

he

G20

cou

ntri

es a

nd c

andi

date

s w

ill be

ex

pect

ed t

o pr

ovid

e ex

ampl

es f

rom

tha

t co

untr

y.

Ans

wer

s w

hich

do

not

mak

e sp

ecif

ic

refe

renc

e to

a w

orld

pow

er s

houl

d be

aw

arde

d a

max

imum

of

2 m

arks

.

4Can

dida

tes

can

be c

redi

ted

in a

num

ber

of w

ays

up t

o a

max

imum

of

4 m

arks

.

Poss

ible

app

roac

hes

to a

nsw

erin

g th

e qu

esti

on:

Cit

izen

s ca

n pa

rtic

ipat

e in

pol

itic

s by

joi

ning

a p

olit

ical

par

ty.

[1 m

ark —

accu

rate

but

und

evel

oped

poi

nt]

Peop

le in

Aus

tral

ia c

an p

arti

cipa

te in

politi

cs b

y vo

ting

in

elec

tion

s w

hen

they

ar

e 18

or

over

. [2

mar

ks—

accu

rate

poi

nt w

ith

deve

lopm

ent]

Am

eric

an c

itiz

ens

can

part

icip

ate

in p

olit

ics

by j

oini

ng a

n in

tere

st g

roup

tha

t th

ey a

gree

wit

h (e

g th

e N

atio

nal Rif

le A

ssoc

iati

on)

and

help

ing

to c

ampa

ign

for

cert

ain

law

s. T

he N

RA s

uppo

rts

the

righ

t to

ow

n gu

ns in

the

USA

and

cit

izen

s co

uld

take

par

t in

leg

al a

ctiv

itie

s su

ch a

s m

arch

es,

rallie

s, p

etit

ions

, le

tter

w

riti

ng t

o Se

nato

rs e

tc.

[3 m

arks

—ac

cura

te p

oint

wit

h de

velo

pmen

t an

d ex

empl

ific

atio

n]

Cre

dit

refe

renc

e to

asp

ects

of

the

follow

ing:

•

voti

ng in

elec

tion

s at

var

ious

lev

els

• m

embe

rshi

p of

pol

itic

al p

arti

es

• st

andi

ng a

s a

cand

idat

e in

ele

ctio

ns

• fu

ndra

isin

g •

part

y ac

tivi

sm

• in

tere

st g

roup

mem

bers

hip

and

acti

vity

•

prot

est/

dire

ct a

ctio

n A

ny o

ther

val

id p

oint

tha

t m

eets

the

cri

teri

a de

scri

bed

in t

he g

ener

al

mar

king

inst

ruct

ions

for

thi

s ki

nd o

f qu

esti

on (

see

colu

mn

to le

ft).

Pag

e 28

Part

E

2Aw

ard

up t

o fo

ur m

arks

for

a s

ingl

e ex

plan

atio

n, d

epen

ding

on

qual

ity,

lev

el

of d

etai

l, r

elev

ance

, ac

cura

cy,

exem

plif

icat

ion

and

answ

ers

whi

ch s

how

th

e in

tera

ctio

n of

var

ious

fac

tors

.

Ans

wer

s m

ay f

ocus

on

any

one

of t

he

G20

cou

ntri

es a

nd c

andi

date

s w

ill be

ex

pect

ed t

o pr

ovid

e ex

ampl

es f

rom

tha

t co

untr

y.

Ans

wer

s w

hich

do

not

mak

e sp

ecif

ic

refe

renc

e to

a w

orld

pow

er s

houl

d be

aw

arde

d a

max

imum

of

4 m

arks

.

6Can

dida

tes

can

be c

redi

ted

in a

num

ber

of w

ays

up t

o a

max

imum

of

6 m

arks

. Cre

dit

answ

ers

whi

ch e

xpla

in s

ocia

l in

equa

liti

es,

econ

omic

ine

qual

itie

s or

a

com

bina

tion

of

the

two.

Po

ssib

le a

ppro

ache

s to

ans

wer

ing

the

ques

tion

: In

equa

lity

exi

sts

in t

he U

SA a

s so

me

peop

le d

o ba

dly

at s

choo

l.

[1 m

ark —

accu

rate

but

und

evel

oped

poi

nt]

In C

hina

, so

me

peop

le in

rura

l ar

eas

still

rel

y on

tra

diti

onal

met

hods

of

heal

thca

re,

unlike

the

mod

ern

met

hods

and

equ

ipm

ent

in t

he t

owns

. [2

mar

ks—

accu

rate

poi

nt w

ith

deve

lopm

ent]

In

Can

ada,

som

e pe

ople

are

ver

y w

ealt

hy w

hile

oth

ers

have

low

inc

omes

. Can

ada

is a

cap

ital

ist

coun

try

and

so p

eopl

e w

ho s

ucce

ed in

busi

ness

can

be

com

e ve

ry w

ealt

hy.

Oth

er g

roup

s w

ho m

ay h

ave

poor

qua

lific

atio

ns m

ay b

e st

uck

in low

pai

d jo

bs o

r be

rel

iant

on

bene

fits

. [3

mar

ks—

accu

rate

poi

nt w

ith

deve

lopm

ent

and

exem

plif

icat

ion]

M

any

peop

le in

Indi

a liv

e in

ver

y po

or h

ousi

ng c

ondi

tion

s. Ind

ian

citi

es h

ave

grow

n ra

pidl

y in

rec

ent

year

s as

Indi

a is

one

of

the

fast

est

grow

ing

econ

omie

s in

th

e w

orld

. M

any

peop

le liv

e in

poo

rly

cons

truc

ted

shan

ty t

owns

or

slum

s w

hich

ar

e un

safe

and

unh

ealt

hy.

Alt

houg

h so

me

Indi

ans

are

very

ric

h, m

ost

are

poor

an

d w

ork

in u

nski

lled

job

s an

d so

can

onl

y af

ford

to

live

in

thes

e po

or a

reas

. Pe

ople

who

liv

e in

the

se s

lum

s ar

e m

ore

like

ly t

o su

ffer

ill-h

ealt

h, b

e th

e vi

ctim

s of

cri

me

and

expe

rien

ce lac

k of

suc

cess

in

educ

atio

n. T

his

mea

ns t

hat

hous

ing

ineq

ualiti

es w

ill co

ntin

ue

[4 m

arks

—re

leva

nt,

accu

rate

poi

nt w

ith

deve

lopm

ent,

ana

lysi

s an

d ex

empl

ific

atio

n]

Cre

dit

refe

renc

e to

asp

ects

of

the

follow

ing:

•

educ

atio

n in

equa

liti

es

• he

alth

ine

qual

itie

s •

empl

oym

ent/

unem

ploy

men

t •

wea

lth/

pove

rty

Pag

e 29

• ho

usin

g•

gend

er ine

qual

itie

s •

raci

al ine

qual

itie

s •

soci

al c

lass

ine

qual

itie

s

Any

oth

er r

elev

ant

fact

ual k

ey p

oint

of

know

ledg

e th

at m

eets

the

cri

teri

a de

scri

bed

in t

he g

ener

al m

arki

ng in

stru

ctio

ns f

or t

his

kind

of

ques

tion

(se

e co

lum

n to

left

).

Part

E

3The

can

dida

te is

requ

ired

to

eval

uate

a

lim

ited

ran

ge o

f so

urce

s, in

orde

r to

m

ake

and

just

ify

a de

cisi

on/r

ecom

men

dati

on.

The

ca

ndid

ate

mus

t al

so e

xpla

in w

hy t

hey

have

rej

ecte

d th

e ot

her

opti

on.

In

ord

er t

o ac

hiev

e fu

ll m

arks

ca

ndid

ates

mus

t w

hy t

hey

did

not

choo

se t

he o

ther

opt

ion.

An

answ

er

whi

ch d

eals

wit

h on

ly o

ne o

ptio

n sh

ould

be

aw

arde

d a

max

imum

of

8 m

arks

.

10Can

dida

tes

can

be c

redi

ted

in a

num

ber

of w

ays

up t

o a

max

imum

of

10 m

arks

. Po

ssib

le a

ppro

ache

s to

ans

wer

ing

the

ques

tion

: O

ptio

n 1:

Bui

ld t

he M

elo

Bont

e D

am

The

Gov

ernm

ent

shou

ld b

uild

the

Mel

o Bo

nte

Dam

as

it is

vita

l fo

r th

e co

ntin

ued

expa

nsio

n of

the

eco

nom

y, a

s th

e gr

owin

g po

pula

tion

nee

ds m

ore

elec

tric

ity.

[1

mar

k —ev

iden

ce d

raw

n fr

om S

ourc

e 1]

The

Gov

ernm

ent

shou

ld b

uild

the

Mel

o Bo

nte

Dam

as

it is

vita

l fo

r th

e co

ntin

ued

expa

nsio

n of

the

eco

nom

y, a

s So

urce

1 s

ays

that

mos

t pe

ople

sup

port

th

e de

cisi

on t

o bu

ild

the

dam

and

thi

s is

bac

ked

up b

y th

e op

inio

n po

ll in

Sour

ce

2 w

hich

sho

ws

65% o

f al

l pe

ople

agr

ee w

ith

the

deci

sion

to

build

the

dam

. [2

mar

ks—

evid

ence

lin

ked

from

Sou

rce

1 an

d So

urce

2]

Cre

dit

refe

renc

e to

asp

ects

of

the

follow

ing:

•

The

Min

iste

r of

Min

es a

nd E

nerg

y sa

id t

he M

elo

Bont

e co

mpl

ex,

to b

e bu

ilt

near

the

mou

th o

f th

e Cel

dy R

iver

in

the

rain

fore

st,

will “p

lay

an im

port

ant

role

in

the

deve

lopm

ent”

of

the

area

and

peo

ple

disp

lace

d by

the

dam

“w

ill

be c

ompe

nsat

ed.”

(So

urce

1).

•

The

Gov

ernm

ent

says

the

dam

is

vita

l fo

r th

e co

ntin

ued

expa

nsio

n of

the

ec

onom

y as

the

cou

ntry

nee

ds m

ore

elec

tric

ity

(Sou

rce

1).

•

The

dam

has

bee

n de

fend

ed b

y so

me

in t

he loc

al p

opul

atio

n w

ho h

ope

to

bene

fit

from

the

est

imat

ed 1

8,00

0 di

rect

job

s an

d 80

,000

ind

irec

t jo

bs t

he

Pag

e 30

Gov

ernm

ent

says

the

pro

ject

wou

ld c

reat

e. (

Sour

ce 1

) •

The

Mel

o Bo

nte

Dam

is

expe

cted

to

prov

ide

elec

tric

ity

to 2

3 m

illion

hom

es.

•

The

Gov

ernm

ent

said

tha

t m

ost

peop

le s

uppo

rt t

he d

ecis

ion

to b

uild

the

da

m (

Sour

ce 1

).

• 65

% o

f th

e po

pula

tion

agr

eed

wit

h th

e G

over

nmen

t’s

deci

sion

to

build

the

Mel

o Bo

nte

Dam

(So

urce

2).

•

June

20,

Man

y in

dige

nous

peo

ple

back

the

dam

bec

ause

it

will ge

nera

te

empl

oym

ent

to r

epla

ce t

he j

obs

lost

sin

ce a

cla

mp

dow

n on

illeg

al log

ging

(S

ourc

e 3)

.

• Ju

ly 1

5, T

he c

ompa

nies

bui

ldin

g th

e da

m a

gree

to

pay

US$

803

million

to

crea

te p

arks

and

hel

p m

onit

or f

ores

ts a

nd t

o pa

y co

mpe

nsat

ion

to p

eopl

e af

fect

ed b

y th

e da

m (

Sour

ce 3

).

Rea

sons

for

rej

ecti

ng o

ther

opt

ion.

I r

ejec

ted

the

opti

on t

o no

t bu

ild

the

dam

as

alth

ough

pro

test

ers

say

the

dam

co

uld

caus

e se

riou

s da

mag

e to

the

rai

nfor

est

and

the

live

s of

up

to 5

0,00

0 ra

info

rest

res

iden

ts c

ould

be

affe

cted

, So

urce

3 s

ays

the

com

pani

es b

uild

ing

the

dam

agr

ee t

o pa

y U

S$80

3 m

illion

to

crea

te p

arks

and

hel

p m

onit

or f

ores

ts a

nd

to p

ay c

ompe

nsat

ion

to p

eopl

e af

fect

ed b

y th

e da

m.

[2 m

arks

] O

ptio

n 2:

Do

not

build

the

Mel

o Bo

nte

Dam

The

Gov

ernm

ent

shou

ld n

ot b

uild

the

Mel

o Bo

nte

Dam

as

prot

este

rs s

ay t

he

prop

osed

dam

wou

ld c

ause

ser

ious

dam

age

to t

he r

ainf

ores

t an

d th

e liv

es o

f up

to

50,

000

rain

fore

st r

esid

ents

cou

ld b

e af

fect

ed (

Sour

ce 1

). In

an o

pini

on p

oll

only

12%

of

rain

fore

st r

esid

ents

agr

eed

and

a la

rge

maj

orit

y of

85%

sai

d th

ey

disa

gree

d w

ith

the

deci

sion

to

build

the

dam

.

[3 m

arks

—ev

iden

ce lin

ked

from

Sou

rce

1 (1

mar

k) w

ith

deta

iled

use

of

evid

ence

fro

m S

ourc

e 2

dem

onst

rati

ng e

valu

ativ

e te

rmin

olog

y (2

mar

ks)]

. Cre

dit

refe

renc

e to

asp

ects

of

the

follow

ing:

A

rgum

ents

to

oppo

se t

he b

uild

ing

of t

he M

elo

Bont

e D

am

• Th

e pr

ojec

t ha

s ra

ised

a s

torm

of

prot

est,

wit

h ju

dges

, H

olly

woo

d ce

lebr

itie

s,

Pag

e 31

envi

ronm

enta

l pre

ssur

e gr

oups

and

loca

l peo

ple

in o

ppos

itio

n (S

ourc

e 1)

. •

In A

pril 2

010,

Ava

tar

dire

ctor

Jam

es C

amer

on a

nd t

wo

mem

bers

of

the

film

’s c

ast,

too

k pa

rt in

prot

ests

. (S

ourc

e 1)

•

Prot

este

rs s

ay t

he p

ropo

sed

dam

wou

ld c

ause

“se

riou

s da

mag

e” t

o th

e ra

info

rest

eco

syst

em,

and

the

live

s of

up

to 5

0,00

0 pe

ople

cou

ld b

e af

fect

ed

as 5

00 s

quar

e ki

lom

etre

s co

uld

be f

lood

ed (

Sour

ce 1

).

• So

me

expe

rts

and

busi

ness

rep

rese

ntat

ives

in t

he e

nerg

y in

dust

ry a

lso

oppo

se

the

dam

. Th

ey s

ay t

he a

ctua

l cos

t w

ill b

e 60

% h

ighe

r th

an it

s U

S$10

.8 b

illio

n bu

dget

and

will

onl

y op

erat

e at

40%

of

its

inst

alle

d ca

paci

ty,

due

to t

he d

rop

in w

ater

in t

he C

eldy

Riv

er d

urin

g th

e dr

y se

ason

(So

urce

1).

•

In a

n op

inio

n po

ll 8

5% o

f ra

info

rest

res

iden

ts d

isag

reed

wit

h th

e G

over

nmen

t’s

deci

sion

to

build

the

Mel

o Bo

nte

Dam

(So

urce

2).

•

Ove

r ha

lf o

f pe

ople

thi

nk t

hat

envi

ronm

enta

l da

mag

e is

the

mai

n pr

iori

ty

faci

ng t

he c

ount

ry.

(Sou

rce

2).

•

62% o

f pe

ople

thi

nk t

he h

ealt

h se

rvic

e is

the

mai

n pr

iori

ty f

acin

g th

e co

untr

y. (

Sour

ce 2

)

• Apr

il 1

2, int

erna

tion

al c

eleb

riti

es a

tten

d pr

otes

ts w

ith

over

500

pro

test

ers

to d

eman

d th

e ca

ncel

lati

on o

f th

e pr

ojec

t to

bui

ld t

he M

elo

Bont

e D

am

(Sou

rce

3).

•

Apr

il 1

5, u

nder

pre

ssur

e fr

om loc

al p

eopl

e an

d ca

mpa

igne

rs,

loca

l po

liti

cian

s ob

tain

a c

ourt

inj

unct

ion

to b

an c

ompa

nies

bid

ding

to

build

the

dam

(So

urce

3).

•

July

2,

Cam

paig

ners

say

the

y w

ill co

ntin

ue p

rote

stin

g de

spit

e th

e co

ntra

ct

bein

g aw

arde

d (S

ourc

e 3)

.

Rea

sons

for

rej

ecti

ng o

ther

opt

ion.

I r

ejec

ted

the

opti

on t

o bu

ild

the

dam

as

ther

e ha

ve b

een

a st

orm

of

prot

ests

fr

om H

olly

woo

d ce

lebr

itie

s an

d en

viro

nmen

tal pr

essu

re g

roup

s an

d or

gani

sati

ons

repr

esen

ting

rai

nfor

est

resi

dent

s. [

1 m

ark

awar

ded

for

use

of o

ne

piec

e of

inf

orm

atio

n fr

om S

ourc

e 1

wit

h no

lin

king

. D

o no

t cr

edit

if

mar

ks

alre

ady

awar

ded

for

this

poi

nt.]

A

ny o

ther

val

id r

easo

n th

at m

eets

the

cri

teri

a de

scri

bed

in t

he g

ener

al

mar

king

inst

ruct

ions

for

thi

s ki

nd o

f qu

esti

on (

see

colu

mn

to le

ft).

Pag

e 32

Sect

ion

3G

ener

al M

arki

ng In

stru

ctio

ns f

or t

his

type

of

ques

tion

M

ax

Mar

kSp

ecif

ic M

arki

ng In

stru

ctio

ns f

or t

his

ques

tion

Part

F

1Aw

ard

up t

o th

ree

mar

ks f

or a

sin

gle

desc

ript

ion,

dep

endi

ng o

n qu

alit

y, lev

el

of d

etai

l, r

elev

ance

, ac

cura

cy a

nd

exem

plif

icat

ion.

At

leas

t tw

o de

scri

ptio

ns a

re n

eces

sary

for

ful

l m

arks

.

Ans

wer

s m

ay f

ocus

on

any

wor

ld iss

ue

and

cand

idat

es w

ill be

exp

ecte

d to

pr

ovid

e ex

ampl

es r

elev

ant

to t

hat

issu

e.

Ans

wer

s w

hich

do

not

mak

e sp

ecif

ic

refe

renc

e to

a r

elev

ant

wor

ld iss

ue

shou

ld b

e aw

arde

d a

max

imum

of

2 m

arks

.

4Can

dida

tes

can

be c

redi

ted

in a

num

ber

of w

ays

up t

o a

max

imum

of

4 m

arks

.

Poss

ible

app

roac

hes

to a

nsw

erin

g th

e qu

esti

on:

The

Wor

ld B

ank

give

s lo

ans

to c

ount

ries

. [1

mar

k —ac

cura

te b

ut u

ndev

elop

ed p

oint

] The

Afr

ican

Uni

on t

ry t

o he

lp s

top

conf

lict

s be

twee

n co

untr

ies

in A

fric

a by

ho

ldin

g pe

ace

talk

s w

ith

thei

r le

ader

s.

[2 m

arks

—ac

cura

te p

oint

wit

h de

velo

pmen

t]

The

Uni

ted

Nat

ions

has

tri

ed t

o he

lp r

efug

ees

in m

any

poor

are

as in

the

wor

ld.

Rec

entl

y, t

hey

have

bee

n pr

ovid

ing

emer

genc

y m

edic

ines

, sh

elte

rs a

nd c

lean

w

ater

to

peop

le in

the

“Hor

n of

Afr

ica”

as

they

suf

fere

d a

very

ser

ious

dro

ught

. M

any

peop

le w

alke

d hu

ndre

ds o

f m

iles

to r

efug

ee c

amps

jus

t to

get

bas

ic f

ood

and

clea

n w

ater

. [3

mar

ks—

accu

rate

poi

nt w

ith

deve

lopm

ent

and

exem

plif

icat

ion]

Cre

dit

refe

renc

e to

asp

ects

of

the

follow

ing:

U

nite

d N

atio

ns O

rgan

isat

ion

The

Uni

ted

Nat

ions

res

pond

s to

inte

rnat

iona

l pro

blem

s la

rgel

y th

roug

h it

s “S

peci

alis

ed A

genc

ies”

. U

NIC

EF

• Age

ncy

invo

lved

in

help

ing

mee

t th

e sp

ecif

ic n

eeds

of

childr

en.

• O

ral Reh

ydra

tion

The

rapy

acr

oss

Afr

ica.

•

Cam

paig

n in

sou

ther

n Afr

ica

to p

reve

nt A

IDS

tran

smis

sion

fro

m m

othe

rs t

o ch

ildr

en—

sett

ing

up c

lini

cs,

scho

ol v

isit

s an

d po

ster

/TV c

ampa

igns

. •

Cam

paig

n to

hel

p ch

ild

sold

iers

in

Suda

n—‘d

e-m

ob’

cam

ps.

WH

O

• Age

ncy

invo

lved

in

help

ing

mee

t Afr

ican

hea

lth

need

s.

• Res

earc

h in

to A

fric

a’s

killer

dis

ease

s su

ch a

s AID

S an

d m

alar

ia.

Pag

e 33

• Bu

ildin

g an

d eq

uipp

ing

of c

linic

s ac

ross

Afr

ica

such

as

rece

ntly

in

Con

go.

• Cam

paig

n to

inc

reas

e th

e nu

mbe

r of

blo

od d

onor

s in

Eth

iopi

a. T

his

also

in

clud

es t

rain

ing

and

educ

atio

n pr

ogra

mm

es.

• O

ngoi

ng v

acci

nati

on p

rogr

amm

es a

gain

st p

olio

acr

oss

Sub-

Saha

ran

Afr

ica.

•

Don

atio

n of

ICT e

quip

men

t to

Afr

ican

hea

lth

min

istr

ies

to h

elp

coor

dina

te

heal

thca

re a

nd u

se o

f he

alth

res

ourc

es.

• Su

ppor

ting

cha

rity

cam

paig

ns t

o do

nate

old

spe

ctac

les

to A

fric

a.

UN

ESCO

•

Age

ncy

invo

lved

in

help

ing

mee

t Afr

ican

edu

cati

on,

cult

ural

and

sci

ence

ne

eds.

•

Sett

ing

up w

orld

her

itag

e si

tes

to p

rote

ct A

fric

an h

erit

age.

•

Tea

cher

tra

inin

g in

Sub

-Sah

aran

Afr

ica

(TTIS

SA)

cam

paig

n.

• The

LIF

E ca

mpa

ign—

Lite

racy

Init

iati

ve f

or E

mpo

wer

men

t.

• The

sch

ool in

a s

uitc

ase

cam

paig

n. A

ll t

he e

quip

men

t to

run

a c

lass

room

an

ywhe

re,

in o

ne b

ag.

• ED

UCAID

S—ca

mpa

ign

to im

prov

e AID

S ed

ucat

ion

acro

ss A

fric

a.

• Ed

ucat

ion

for

all by

201

5. U

NES

CO

’s m

ajor

cam

paig

n to

try

to

mee

t th

e M

ille

nniu

m D

evel

opm

ent

goal

s.

FAO

•

Age

ncy

mai

nly

conc

erne

d w

ith

the

prod

ucti

on o

f fo

od in

Afr

ica

and

in

help

ing

deve

lop

agri

cult

ural

eff

icie

ncy.

•

Rec

ent

cam

paig

n ag

ains

t hi

gh f

ood

pric

es.

• H

elp

for

smal

l fa

rmer

s to

inc

reas

e pr

oduc

tion

, eg

em

erge

ncy

rice

pr

ogra

mm

e in

wes

t Afr

ica.

•

Cam

paig

ns t

o pr

otec

t vu

lner

able

cro

ps a

gain

st v

irus

and

dis

ease

, eg

ca

ssav

a.

• Cam

paig

ns t

o ed

ucat

e fa

rmer

s on

the

use

of

fert

iliz

ers

and

farm

mac

hine

ry.

• Fu

ndin

g of

res

earc

h in

to G

M s

eeds

and

oth

er “

bio-

agri

cult

ure”

. W

FP

• Pr

epar

e re

port

s w

hich

hel

p N

atio

nal G

over

nmen

ts a

nd N

GO

s un

ders

tand

m

ore

clea

rly

wha

t th

e pr

oble

ms

are

wit

h fo

od s

ecur

ity,

nut

riti

on,

heal

th

and

educ

atio

n w

ithi

n a

coun

try.

•

Red

uce

hung

er a

nd u

nder

-nut

riti

on e

very

whe

re.

Pag

e 34

• Sa

ve liv

es a

nd p

rote

ct liv

elih

oods

in

emer

genc

ies

by g

etti

ng f

ood

to w

here

it

is m

ost

need

ed a

nd q

uick

ly.

The

WFP

doe

s th

is b

y la

unch

ing

appe

als

to t

he

inte

rnat

iona

l co

mm

unit

y fo

r fu

nds

and

food

aid

. •

The

WFP

rel

ies

enti

rely

on

volu

ntar

y co

ntri

buti

ons

to f

inan

ce its

ope

rati

ons.

•

Res

tore

and

reb

uild

liv

es a

fter

em

erge

ncie

s.

The

Secu

rity

Cou

ncil

The

UN

Sec

urit

y Cou

ncil is

a sm

all

body

of

fift

een

mem

ber

stat

es (

Five

pe

rman

ent

mem

bers

and

10

non-

perm

anen

t m

embe

rs,

elec

ted

for

two

year

te

rm).

Am

bass

ador

s fr

om t

he f

ifte

en c

ount

ries

can

mee

t at

sho

rt n

otic

e in

re

spon

se t

o gl

obal

sec

urit

y is

sues

. The

y di

scus

s th

ese

mat

ters

and

can

pas

s re

solu

tion

s w

hich

can

inc

lude

milit

ary

inte

rven

tion

, sa

ncti

ons,

pea

ce k

eepi

ng

mis

sion

s, m

edia

tion

etc

.

NA

TO

• N

ATO

has

tri

ed t

o re

spon

d to

ter

rori

sm (

9/11

att

acks

, Lo

ndon

und

ergr

ound

bo

mbi

ngs,

Mad

rid

bom

bing

s, G

lasg

ow a

irpo

rt a

ttac

k) b

y la

unch

ing

oper

atio

ns in

Afg

hani

stan

and

Ira

q as

par

t of

the

“W

ar o

n Ter

ror”

. Als

o in

volv

emen

t in

Lib

ya.

• N

ATO

’s D

efen

ce A

gain

st T

erro

rism

Pro

gram

me

esta

blis

hed

in 2

004.

NATO

ha

s re

spon

ded

to a

ttem

pts

by c

ount

ries

suc

h as

Ira

n to

bui

ld n

ucle

ar

wea

pons

by

intr

oduc

ing

sanc

tion

s on

tra

de e

tc,

wit

h th

e co

oper

atio

n of

the

U

N S

ecur

ity

Cou

ncil.

The

re h

ave

also

bee

n di

plom

atic

dis

cuss

ions

to

furt

her

redu

ce a

nd p

ossi

bly

elim

inat

e en

tire

cla

sses

of

nucl

ear

wea

pons

. •

NATO

has

an

inte

rnat

iona

l na

val fo

rce

patr

olling

pir

acy

“hot

spot

s”

espe

cial

ly o

ff t

he c

oast

of

nort

h-ea

st A

fric

a.

• D

evel

opin

g ne

w m

issi

le d

efen

ce s

yste

ms

to p

rote

ct N

ATO

cou

ntri

es.

• Cyb

er s

ecur

ity —

A m

ajor

cyb

er-a

ttac

k on

Est

onia

, a

NATO

mem

ber,

in

2007

by

Rus

sian

hac

kers

. Chi

na “

hija

ckin

g” 1

5 pe

r ce

nt o

f th

e w

orld

’s In

tern

et

traf

fic

in 2

010.

Mor

e tr

aini

ng in

cybe

r de

fenc

e fo

r N

ATO

mem

bers

. Be

tter

ea

rly

war

ning

sys

tem

s to

pro

tect

NATO

mem

bers

fro

m c

yber

-att

ack.

W

orld

Ban

k

• The

Wor

ld B

ank

is a

n in

tern

atio

nal fi

nanc

ial in

stit

utio

n th

at p

rovi

des

loan

s to

dev

elop

ing

coun

trie

s fo

r ca

pita

l pr

ogra

ms.

•

The

Wor

ld B

ank

fund

s pr

ojec

ts a

imed

at

tack

ling

pov

erty

, in

crea

se f

orei

gn

Pag

e 35

inve

stm

ent

in p

oor

coun

trie

s, inc

reas

e in

tern

atio

nal tr

ade

etc.

• H

aiti

was

hel

ped

to r

ebui

ld h

ousi

ng a

nd inf

rast

ruct

ure,

ICT t

rain

ing

has

been

pr

ovid

ed in

man

y Afr

ican

cou

ntri

es,

bank

s in

cou

ntri

es s

uch

as N

epal

hav

e be

en s

uppo

rted

thr

ough

the

wor

ldw

ide

rece

ssio

n.

• Lo

ans

have

bee

n pr

ovid

ed a

cros

s th

e w

orld

to

supp

ort

educ

atio

n, m

edic

ine

and

clea

n w

ater

pro

ject

s.

Euro

pean

Uni

on

• Co-

oper

atio

n be

twee

n m

embe

r st

ates

, eg

Iris

h fi

nanc

ial cr

isis

or

Gre

ek

fina

ncia

l ba

ilou

t. A

ttem

pts

to c

reat

e in

tern

atio

nal ec

onom

ic s

tabi

lity.

•

Reg

iona

l ai

d br

ingi

ng inv

estm

ent

and

jobs

, eg

inf

rast

ruct

ure

into

pla

ces

like

s th

e H

ighl

ands

and

Isl

ands

hel

ping

ine

qual

itie

s ac

ross

the

Uni

on.

Free

dom

of

mov

emen

t al

so h

elps

to

solv

e in

equa

lity

. Reg

iona

l ai

d be

nefi

ts

Euro

pe’s

poo

rer

nati

ons.

•

Att

empt

s th

roug

h th

e CFP

and

CAP

to s

afeg

uard

foo

d su

pplies

and

to

cons

erve

fis

h st

ocks

. •

The

EU

tri

es t

o pr

omot

e pe

ace

and

secu

rity

and

has

bec

ome

invo

lved

in

area

s ou

tsid

e Eu

rope

in

rece

nt y

ear.

In 2

004,

Euf

or t

ook

over

pea

ce k

eepi

ng

in B

osni

a-H

erze

govi

na p

rovi

ding

ove

r 6,

000

troo

ps.

The

Eur

opea

n D

efen

ce

Forc

e (E

DF)

has

als

o be

en inv

olve

d in

the

Dem

ocra

tic

Rep

ublic

of C

ongo

, G

eorg

ia,

Indo

nesi

a, S

udan

and

Pal

esti

ne.

Mos

t re

cent

ly t

he E

U w

as inv

olve

d in

Lib

ya.

• H

uman

itar

ian

aid

is g

iven

(eg

Lib

ya)

in p

artn

ersh

ip w

ith

the

UN

and

oth

er

NG

Os.

It a

ssis

ts r

efug

ees,

tre

ats

the

inju

red,

pre

vent

s hu

man

rig

hts

abus

es

and

mee

ts o

ther

bas

ic n

eeds

. •

The

EU

tri

es t

o cr

eate

job

s an

d pr

ospe

rity

acr

oss

its

mem

ber

stat

es t

hrou

gh

the

Euro

pean

Sin

gle

Cur

renc

y.

A

fric

an U

nion

•

Org

anis

atio

n of

Afr

ican

cou

ntri

es w

hich

aim

s to

pro

mot

e an

d im

prov

e pe

ace

and

secu

rity

, im

prov

e th

e so

cio/

econ

omic

liv

es o

f Afr

ican

s an

d pr

omot

e de

moc

racy

and

hum

an r

ight

s.

• The

AU

has

bee

n ce

ntra

l to

the

fig

ht a

gain

st A

IDS.

The

y ha

ve s

uppo

rted

ed

ucat

ion

prog

ram

mes

as

wel

l as

fun

ding

tre

atm

ent

cent

res

and

trai

ning

sp

ecia

list

sta

ff.

• The

AU

tri

ed t

o he

lp n

egot

iate

a p

eace

ful se

ttle

men

t to

the

Lib

yan

civi

l w

ar

Pag

e 36

in 2

011.

The

AU

has

bee

n in

volv

ed in

“con

flic

t re

solu

tion

” du

ring

sev

eral

Afr

ican

war

s.

• AU

tro

ops

have

bee

n ac

tive

as

peac

ekee

pers

and

as

com

bata

nts

in S

omal

ia,

figh

ting

aga

inst

al-

Shab

ab.

• The

AU

has

cap

ture

d, d

etai

ned

and

trie

d su

spec

ted

war

cri

min

als

from

va

riou

s Afr

ican

con

flic

ts.

Char

itie

s an

d ot

her

NG

Os

• Ex

pect

ref

eren

ce t

o ch

arit

ies

such

as

Oxf

am,

Save

the

Chi

ldre

n, T

he R

ed

Cro

ss e

tc.

• M

edic

al a

id,

nurs

es,

doct

ors,

med

icin

es.

• Fo

od a

id,

prov

ided

dur

ing

tim

es o

f cr

isis

suc

h as

dro

ught

or

civi

l w

ar.

• Em

erge

ncy

relief

dur

ing

refu

gee

cris

is,

eg f

ood,

cle

an w

ater

, va

ccin

atio

ns,

shel

ter,

oth

er m

edic

al t

reat

men

ts.

A

ny o

ther

val

id p

oint

tha

t m

eets

the

cri

teri

a de

scri

bed

in t

he g

ener

al

mar

king

inst

ruct

ions

for

thi

s ki

nd o

f qu

esti

on (

see

colu

mn

to le

ft)

Part

F

2Aw

ard

up t

o fo

ur m

arks

for

a s

ingl

e ex

plan

atio

n, d

epen

ding

on

qual

ity,

lev

el

of d

etai

l, r

elev

ance

, ac

cura

cy,

exem

plif

icat

ion

and

answ

ers

whi

ch s

how

th

e in

tera

ctio

n of

var

ious

fac

tors

.

Ans

wer

s m

ay f

ocus

on

any

wor

ld iss

ue

and

cand

idat

es w

ill be

exp

ecte

d to

pr

ovid

e ex

ampl

es r

elev

ant

to t

hat

issu

e.

Ans

wer

s w

hich

do

not

mak

e sp

ecif

ic

refe

renc

e to

a r

elev

ant

wor

ld iss

ue

shou

ld b

e aw

arde

d a

max

imum

of

4 m

arks

.

6Can

dida

tes

can

be c

redi

ted

in a

num

ber

of w

ays

up t

o a

max

imum

of

6 m

arks

.

Poss

ible

app

roac

hes

to a

nsw

erin

g th

e qu

esti

on:

Pove

rty

has

caus

ed a

lot

of

ille

gal im

mig

rati

on.

[1 m

ark —

accu

rate

but

und

evel

oped

poi

nt]

Man

y pe

ople

hav

e be

en f

orce

d to

lea

ve t

heir

hom

es a

nd b

ecom

e re

fuge

es in

Afr

ica,

due

to

a se

riou

s fa

min

e an

d ci

vil w

ar.

[2 m

arks

—ac

cura

te p

oint

wit

h de

velo

pmen

t]

Man

y sh

ips

have

bee

n hi

jack

ed b

y pi

rate

s in

the

Indi

an O

cean

. M

any

of t

hese

pi

rate

s ha

ve c

ome

from

Som

alia

whe

re t

here

is

no r

eal go

vern

men

t an

d pe

ople

ar

e de

sper

atel

y po

or.

Tou

rist

yac

hts

are

seen

as

an e

asy

targ

et a

nd s

ever

al

Brit

ish

tour

ists

hav

e be

en k

idna

pped

and

hel

d fo

r ra

nsom

. [3

mar

ks—

accu

rate

poi

nt w

ith

deve

lopm

ent

and

exem

plif

icat

ion]

Pag

e 37

Ter

rori

sm is

a m

ajor

pro

blem

, ca

used

by

feel

ings

of

inju

stic

e am

ong

som

e gr

oups

. In

the

las

t te

n ye

ars

som

e ex

trem

ists

hav

e be

com

e so

ang

ry a

t th

e U

SA’s

dom

inat

ion

of t

he w

orld

tha

t th

ey h

ave

targ

eted

the

ir b

uild

ings

and

ci

tize

ns.

Sev

eral

US

offi

cial

s w

ere

rece

ntly

kille

d in

Lib

ya.

Al Q

aeda

is

an

orga

nisa

tion

tha

t ha

s vo

wed

to

atta

ck t

he U

SA a

nd its

allie

s (s

uch

as t

he U

K) a

s th

ey c

laim

the

y ar

e “a

nti-

Mus

lim

”.

Oth

er t

erro

rist

org

anis

atio

ns e

xist

, in

clud

ing

extr

emis

ts in

Nor

ther

n Ir

elan

d w

ho s

till o

ppos

e Br

itis

h go

vern

men

t in

U

lste

r.

[4 m

arks

—re

leva

nt,

accu

rate

poi

nt w

ith

deve

lopm

ent,

ana

lysi

s an

d ex

empl

ific

atio

n]

Cre

dit

refe

renc

e to

asp

ects

of

the

follow

ing:

Po

vert

y •

war

•

unfa

ir t

rade

•

poor

edu

cati

on

• po

or h

ealt

h •

lack

of

fore

ign

inve

stm

ent

• fe

w n

atur

al e

cono

mic

res

ourc

es

War

•

land

dis

pute

•

religi

ous

disp

ute

• id

eolo

gica

l di

sput

es

• hi

stor

ical

dis

pute

s •

expa

nsio

n am

biti

ons

of g

over

nmen

ts

Pira

cy

• po

vert

y •

brea

k do

wn

of law

and

ord

er in

cert

ain

part

s of

Afr

ica

Pag

e 38

Dis

ease

(H

IV /

AID

S is

like

ly b

ut n

ot t

he o

nly

acce

ptab

le c

onte

xt)

• po

or h

ealt

h ed

ucat

ion

• tr

adit

iona

l co

mm

unit

ies

susp

icio

us o

f m

oder

n m

edic

al p

ract

ices

•

litt

le a

vailab

ilit

y of

dru

gs/t

reat

men

ts/t

rain

ed s

taff

•

poor

die

t •

poor

hou

sing

•

poor

san

itat

ion

A

ny o

ther

rel

evan

t fa

ctua

l key

poi

nt o

f kn

owle

dge

that

mee

ts t

he c

rite

ria

desc

ribe

d in

the

gen

eral

mar

king

inst

ruct

ions

for

thi

s ki

nd o

f qu

esti

on (

see

colu

mn

to le

ft).

Part

F

3The

can

dida

te is

requ

ired

to

eval

uate

a

lim

ited

ran

ge o

f so

urce

s, in

orde

r to

m

ake

and

just

ify

a de

cisi

on/r

ecom

men

dati

on.

The

ca

ndid

ate

mus

t al

so e

xpla

in w

hy t

hey

have

rej

ecte

d th

e ot

her

opti

on.

In

ord

er t

o ac

hiev

e fu

ll m

arks

ca

ndid

ates

mus

t sa

y w

hy t

hey

did

not

choo

se t

he o

ther

opt

ion.

An

answ

er

whi

ch d

eals

wit

h on

ly o

ne o

ptio

n sh

ould

be

aw

arde

d a

max

imum

of

8 m

arks

.

10Can

dida

tes

can

be c

redi

ted

in a

num

ber

of w

ays

up t

o a

max

imum

of

10

mar

ks.

Poss

ible

app

roac

hes

to a

nsw

erin

g th

e qu

esti

on:

For

opti

on 1

: Co

untr

y A

Cou

ntry

A s

houl

d be

allow

ed t

o jo

in t

he E

U a

s m

any

drug

dea

lers

hav

e be

en

sent

to

pris

on.

[1 m

ark —

one

piec

e of

evi

denc

e fr

om o

ne s

ourc

e]

I rej

ecte

d th

e se

cond

opt

ion

(allow

ing

coun

try

B to

joi

n) a

s ov

er o

ne t

hird

(36

%)

of its

pop

ulat

ion

still w

ork

in a

gric

ultu

re.

Thi

s is

nin

e ti

mes

the

lev

el in

the

EU

(4%)

whi

ch w

ould

not

allow

the

EU

to

redu

ce its

hug

e ex

pend

itur

e on

ag

ricu

ltur

e w

hich

sta

nds

at a

lmos

t ha

lf o

f th

e en

tire

bud

get

(48%

). M

any

of t

he

EU m

embe

rs s

ee a

dro

p in

thi

s 48

% a

s es

sent

ial.

[3

mar

ks—

accu

rate

inf

orm

atio

n fr

om t

wo

sour

ces

wit

h so

me

eval

uati

ve

com

men

t]

• Cou

ntry

A’s

pol

ice

have

don

e w

ell in

cla

mpi

ng d

own

on d

rug

traf

fick

ing.

Acc

ordi

ng t

o th

e EU

opi

nion

sur

vey,

88%

of

Euro

pean

s sa

w t

his

as f

airl

y im

port

ant

or v

ery

impo

rtan

t.

Pag

e 39

• 88

% o

f re

spon

dent

s in

the

sur

vey

also

saw

a g

ood

hum

an r

ight

s re

cord

as

fair

ly o

r ve

ry im

port

ant.

Cou

ntry

A w

ould

mee

t th

e cr

iter

ia f

or t

he E

CH

R.

• U

nive

rsit

y en

tran

ts in

Cou

ntry

A h

ave

been

gro

win

g in

num

ber

and

are

gett

ing

clos

e to

the

EU

ave

rage

of

51%.

The

EU

’s e

cono

my

need

s m

ore

univ

ersi

ty g

radu

ates

. A

gain

st o

ptio

n 1:

Cou

ntry

A

• Se

vera

l m

embe

r st

ates

hav

e be

com

e co

ncer

ned

abou

t th

e nu

mbe

r of

poo

r co

untr

ies

who

are

app

lyin

g to

joi

n th

e EU

. C

ount

ry A

’s a

vera

ge inc

ome

(11,

200)

is

less

tha

n ha

lf o

f th

e EU

ave

rage

(23

,100

).

• The

EU

tak

es g

ood

care

of

vuln

erab

le g

roup

s, lik

e ch

ildr

en.

Cou

ntry

A

wou

ld s

trug

gle

to m

eet

thes

e st

anda

rds

as s

how

n in

a r

ecen

t U

NIC

EF

inve

stig

atio

n, w

hich

cri

tici

zed

it f

or “

terr

ible

con

diti

ons”

. Fo

r op

tion

2:

Coun

try

B Cou

ntry

B s

houl

d be

allow

ed t

o jo

in t

he E

U a

s it

pro

duce

s 32

million

bar

rels

of

oil an

d th

e EU

doe

sn’t

wan

t to

rel

y on

Rus

sia.

[2

mar

ks—

evid

ence

lin

ked

from

Sou

rce

1 an

d So

urce

2]

I rej

ecte

d co

untr

y A a

s it

s av

erag

e in

com

e is

€11

,200

. In

the

EU

it

is €

23,1

00.

[2 m

arks

aw

arde

d fo

r us

e of

tw

o pi

eces

of

evid

ence

fro

m d

iffe

rent

sou

rces

. D

o no

t cr

edit

if

mar

ks a

lrea

dy a

war

ded

for

this

poi

nt in

just

ific

atio

n of

cho

ice.

] •

Cou

ntry

B is

self

-suf

fici

ent

in o

il a

nd is

alre

ady

prod

ucin

g 19

mill

ion

barr

els

per

day

mor

e th

an it

uses

. E

U d

epen

denc

e on

Rus

sia

wou

ld b

e re

duce

d.

Thi

s w

ould

be

good

as

man

y w

ould

lik

e to

adm

it c

ount

ries

wit

h oi

l re

serv

es.

• 10

0% in

the

surv

ey s

aid

that

low

une

mpl

oym

ent

was

fai

rly

impo

rtan

t or

ver

y im

port

ant.

The

gra

ph s

how

s th

at C

ount

ry B

’s u

nem

ploy

men

t ra

te is

cons

iste

ntly

les

s th

an t

he E

U a

vera

ge.

• Cou

ntry

B h

as b

een

prai

sed

for

redu

cing

illit

erac

y ra

tes

to b

elow

10%

. T

his

is c

omin

g cl

ose

to t

he lev

els

achi

eved

by

scho

ols

in t

he E

U.

Pag

e 40

Aga

inst

opt

ion

2: C

ount

ry B

• Cou

ntry

B h

as a

hug

e ag

ricu

ltur

al ind

ustr

y.

Ove

r on

e th

ird

of w

orke

rs a

re

empl

oyed

in

this

sec

tor.

Thi

s w

ould

mak

e it

dif

ficu

lt t

o re

duce

the

EU

’s

agri

cult

ure

budg

et,

whi

ch t

he m

embe

r st

ates

see

as

nece

ssar

y.

• Cou

ntry

B h

as p

oor

heal

th c

are.

Li

fe e

xpec

tanc

y is

tw

enty

yea

rs b

elow

the

EU

ave

rage

and

inf

ant

mor

tality

rat

e is

mor

e th

an d

oubl

e.

Any

oth

er v

alid

rea

son

that

mee

ts t

he c

rite

ria

desc

ribe

d in

the

gen

eral

m

arki

ng in

stru

ctio

ns f

or t

his

kind

of

ques

tion

(se

e co

lum

n to

left

).

[EN

D O

F SP

ECIM

EN M

ARK

ING

INST

RUCT

ION

S]

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