NEOLITHIC AGE

From the Era of the beginning of the farming to the Metals Age.

NEOLITHIC TECHNOLOGY• The mankind made

new tools as:– Sickle (hoz, para

segar el cereal).– Hand mill (molino

de mano, para moler el cereal).

– A chopper axe ( un hacha de piedra, pero la piedra está pulimentada).

THE DOMESTICATION OF FIRST ANIMALS SPECIES AND PLANTS.

Plants.• Wheat (Trigo).

• Barley (Cebada).

• Lentil (Legumbres como la lenteja).

• Rice (arroz) in Asia.

• Corn (maiz) in America.

Animal species.– VACA (cow).

– OVEJA (sheep).

– CABRA (goat).

– CERDO (pig).

– PERRO (dog).

– One of the last animal species domesticated was the cat.

THE BEGINNING OF POTTERY (cerámica).

• How to make a bowl (vasija):

– 1. Clay (barro).

– 2. Model the clay.

– 3. Make some geometric paintings on the clay or make some lines or basic symbols.

– We use holes on the ground as ovens to cook the bowls.

THE MANKIND BECOME SEDENTARY.

• FIRST VILLAGES: mankind built first houses with a circular form. They hadn't different rooms. In the middle of the house they used to made a circle with stones and they used it as kitchen and heating.

• After a few centuries the mankind built their houses with a rectangular form.

• They began to divide the house in different rooms, one of them for the animals.

NEOLITHIC ARCHAELOGICAL SITES.

• The mankind became sedentary and a farmer and shepperd in the Middle East (actually countries as Iraq, Israel, Palestine, Siria, south Turkey and west Iran).

CHATAL HUYUK (south Turkey).

CHATAL HUYUK' S TEMPLES

-Archeologists found out some houses they identified as temples.

- They found out the rooms decorated with paintings and sculptures of heads of bulls.

- In the Ancient Times the bull was identified with the virility of the man and in general with fecundity.

- Some of the paintings found at Chatal Huyuk show hunting scenes, rituals dance. They also found out some sculptures of heads of bulls, pregnant women and a figure of the “Mother Goddess” (la Diosa Madre).

- Nowadays some villages in Africa are still built with the same structure of Chatal Huyuk. It is a defensive structure.

NEOLITICH ON EAST MEDITERRANEAN SEA :JERICHO

- The village was surrounded by a wall but for first time they built a tower to defend themself.

- Jericho was near the Dead Sea and they used to trade with salt.

- Jericho had already 2.000 people. They were the only one sedentary people around the Dead Sea; the rest of the people were nomads.

- Archaeologists found some skulls decorated as human heads.

- They buried their deads under the ground of the houses.