n airn a cademy. desk top publishing the dtp example shown to the right is taken from the 2002...

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Department of Technological EducationDepartment of Technological Education

The DTP example shown to the right is taken from the 2002 Higher Graphic Communication Paper, Question 6 and will be used to describe the terminology required for the course.

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Page Layout

The layout of the page in this

example is Portrait Orientation.

Portrait Landscape

The height of the page is larger than the width of the page.

If the page is wider than its height the layout is known as

Landscape Orientation.

Material asked in 2006 Higher paperMaterial asked in 2004 Higher paperMaterial asked in 1996 Higher paper

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Page Layout

The page shown includes a number of different parts to its layout.

The word ‘DECO’ at the top of

the page is called the HEADLINE (or Heading)

The word ‘ORIGINS’ under the

Heading is called the SUB-HEADING.

The text is arranged into 2 COLUMNS.

The page also includes a

GRAPHIC

Material asked in 2007 Higher paperMaterial asked in 2005 Higher paperMaterial asked in 2004 Higher paperMaterial asked in 2002 Higher paperMaterial asked in 2001 Higher paperMaterial asked in 1998 Higher paperMaterial asked in 1996 Higher paperMaterial asked in 1994 Higher paper

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Page Layout

Arranged round the text and graphics there are also other important parts of the publication.

The area to the top of the publication above the header is called the

TOP MARGIN

The area below the text or graphics at the bottom of the page

is called the BOTTOM MARGIN.

The areas to the sides of the publication between the text or graphics and the edge of the page are called the

SIDE MARGINS.

The area between columns is

called the GUTTER

Material asked in 2006 Higher paperMaterial asked in 2005 Higher paperMaterial asked in 2004 Higher paperMaterial asked in 2002 Higher paperMaterial asked in 1998 Higher paperMaterial asked in 1996 Higher paperMaterial asked in 1994 Higher paper

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Page Layout

Other techniques can be used to add style and interest to the publication.

Text which is white on a black or dark background is called a

REVERSE. In this case it is used only for part of the Heading.

The line separating the Heading from the rest of the document is called a

RULE. If this is placed between columns

it is called a COLUMN RULE.

The text indicating the contents

of the graphic is called a CAPTION.

The text at the bottom of the page indicating the page number is

called the FOLIO

Material asked in 2007 Higher paper

Material asked in 2005 Higher paperMaterial asked in 2004 Higher paperMaterial asked in 2003 Higher paperMaterial asked in 2002 Higher paperMaterial asked in 2001 Higher paperMaterial asked in 1998 Higher paperMaterial asked in 1996 Higher paper


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Page Layout

Other techniques can be used to show standard features which apply to all pages rather than being specific to one page only.

Some documents will have a HEADER which usually gives information about the contents of the document or the company who own the document.

Some documents will include a FOOTER which usually gives information about location of where document is saved, date, etc.

NOTE: Footers DO NOT give the page number – This would be called a FOLIO

Nairn Academy – Department of Technology

C://my documents/higher graph com/DTP notes/terminology PPP.ppp

Some documents will include a

BACKGROUND or WATERMARK. An example of this is a company badge which appears on every page of the document or the company’s name


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Page Layout

Other techniques can be used to add style and interest to the publication.

Some areas of the document may not have any content included. This area is called

WHITE SPACE

Other areas of the document may have a picture which does not fit into the column structure and reaches to the edge of the page.

This is called a BLEED.

Graphics used taken from ‘Design and Layout: Understanding and Using Graphics’ by David Dabner

Material asked in 2004 Higher paperMaterial asked in 2003 Higher paperMaterial asked in 2001 Higher paperMaterial asked in 1997 Higher paper

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Page Layout

Page layout is important to try to draw attention to different parts of a document.

The layout of elements on a page, or on facing pages can be done in two ways.

If each of the pages has the same layout – either for text, graphics or both – and each page is a mirror image of each other - the layout is

said to be SYMMETRICAL If each of the pages has the

different layout and is not a mirror image of each other, the layout is

said to be ASYMMETRICAL

Graphics used taken from ‘Design and Layout: Understanding and Using Graphics’ by David Dabner

Material asked in 2006 Higher paperMaterial asked in 1997 Higher paper

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Font and Lettering Styles

The looks of the publication can be affected by the types of font or lettering used.

Fonts can be grouped into 3 distinct styles

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SANS SERIF fonts

DECORATIVE fonts

Point Height

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The various parts of a font are shown below.

The parts which are important to know for this course are:-

point height serifs ascender and descender


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When a font is chosen for a publication the point size is normally chosen.

However, the part of the font which makes the size of the font look larger or smaller tends to be the x- height.

A font with a small x-height will look smaller than a font with a large x-height, even if the point size is the same, as shown below.

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Whichever font is chosen it’s looks can still be changed and altered.

The size of fonts are given in

POINTS and the point size can be altered

NAIRN NAIRNNAIRN

NAIRN

NAIRNNAIRN

NAIRN NAIRN

NAIRN NAIRN Fonts can also be changed in

look and can be:

NORMAL, BOLD or ITALIC

They can be COLOURED or

have COLOURED BACKGROUNDS

6 point 8 point 10 point 12 point

14 point 16 point

They can be UNDERLINED or be EMBOSSED

Or they can be

SUPERSCRIPT or SUBSCRIPT


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Text Layout

The layout of text in a column can be altered in four main ways.

Normally text is JUSTIFIED

to the LEFT

However it can also be justified in other ways

The following examples show text justified:-

RIGHT

CENTRE

FULLY

This is an example of text which has been justified to the left. This is an example of text which has been justified to the left. This is an example of text which has been justified to the left.

This is an example of text which has been justified to the right. This is an example of text which has been justified to the right. This is an example of

text which has been justified to the right.

This is an example of text which has been justified to the centre. This is an example of text which has been justified to the centre. This is an example of

text which has been justified to the centre.

This is an example of fully justified text. This is an example of fully justified text. This is an example of fully justified text. This is an example of fully justified text. This is an example of fully justified text.


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Text Layout

There are other more specialised effects that can be used to highlight particular parts of the document.

A large ornate capital letter at the start of a paragraph is called a

DROP CAPITAL

By formatting the paragraph the text can be made to move round other graphics or to overlap a graphic.

This is called TEXT WRAP. There are various different types of text wrap. Two of them are given here as examples

Wrap tight round the edge of a picture.

Wrap to the edge of the picture frame

his is an example of a paragraph which starts with a drop cap letter. This is an example of a paragraph which starts with a drop cap letter. Thisis an example of a paragraph which starts with a

drop cap letter.

This shows text wrap round the edge of a

graphic. This shows text wrap round the edge of a graphic.

This shows text wrap round the edge

of a graphic. This shows text wrap round the edge of a graphic. This shows text wrap round the edge of a graphic.

This shows text wrap to the edge, top and bottom of a graphic. This shows text wrap to the edge, top and bottom of a graphic. This shows text wrap to the edge, top and bottom of a graphic.

This shows text wrap to the edge, top and bottom of a graphic. This shows text wrap to the edge, top and bottom of a graphic.


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Text Layout

There are effects that can be used to change the way the text appears in the paragraph.

The spacing between each line can be adjusted to tighten the text together or to space out the text.

This is called LEADING

The spacing of each letter, or individual letters, can be adjusted to make them closer or further apart. This is

called KERNING.

Leading is the amount of space between each line of text, and this can be varied from the default to a more positive leading which gives more space between lines, or to a negative leading which gives less space between the lines

Leading is the amount of space between each line

of text, and this can be varied from the default to a

more positive leading which gives more space

between lines, or to a negative leading which gives

less space between the lines

Leading is the amount of space between each line of text, and this can be varied from the default to a more positive leading which gives more space between lines, or to a negative leading which gives less space between the lines


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Design Considerations

When trying to design a publication for a client there are various thoughts and decisions to be made.

Some thoughts are listed below, but this is not an exhaustive list and many more could be added.

The Target Market should be considered. Is the publication for fun / serious

readers? Are the readers young / old ? Should the layout be modern /

traditional ? Etc.

The Production Limitations also have to be considered.

Type of paper available Type of printing / photocopying available Number of colours available at printing stage. Binding or stapling of pages.

The Function of the publication should also be considered.

Is it a news based document such as a newsletter ?

Is it a trade journal or business publication ?

Is it a comic ?


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Design Elements

Finally, how each of the design elements fits together will determine how the publication looks and how successful it is.

Proportion – There should be an equal balance between each of the elements of the publication - text blocks and graphics items and white space – and none should be overly dominant.

Unity – Unity describes where elements are placed on a page throughout a publication such as common page layouts, or headers / footers / folios / company logo etc. all placed in the same position throughout the publication, or a common colour or style being used throughout.

Balance - This refers to Symmetrical or Asymmetrical layout of the page(s). Symmetrical is easier to achieve, but may not look as interesting as Asymmetrical layouts.


Dominance – A particular element on a page can be dominant because of its position, size, boldness, colour, etc. The dominant element of a publication should be the main important item which the writer wants the reader to notice. An example of a dominant element can be the Headline / heading or a dramatic picture on a page

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Design Elements (cont.)

Consistency - When designing a series of publications for the same client the use of the same layout, fonts, graphic items, colours, etc in each of the publications will give consistency

Rhythm - is achieved when there is repetition of elements, such as section heads, page numbers, etc that lead through the complete document. Careful positioning of the elements can be used to guide the readers eye through the document.

Flow – Flow describes how information progresses through the document, such as text wrapping round pictures, and the change from page to page. The reader should be able to follow where the article goes without having to hunt for the next part.

Contrast - makes the design interesting and eye-catching. The use of a bold font with a very thin font, or with light and dark areas on the page will give contrast in the publication.


PowerPoint Presentation produced by John McRae, Nairn Academy 2008

n airn a cademy. desk top publishing the dtp example shown to the right is taken from the 2002...

Documents

higher papermaterial

higher paperdesk

page number

graphic material

number of different

important parts

landscape orientation

portrait orientation