mythical eye

59
frank e. blokland atypi reykjavik, friday 6 september 20 Mythical eye Standardization Dynamic rectangle Em-/en-square Rhythm Morphology Fence posting Grid Unit arrangement Cadence units Measurements Reproducing Set letters Systemization Epilogue the mythical eye of the type designer The mythical eye of the type designer (Harmonics, patterns and dynamics in formal typographic representations of the Latin script | The regularization, standardization, systematization, and unitization of roman type since its Renaissance origin until the Romain du Roi)

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Page 1: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

a t y p i r e y k j a v i k , f r i d a y � 6 s e p t e m b e r 2 0 � �

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Mythical eye

Standardization

Dynamic rectangle

Em-/en-square

Rhythm

Morphology

Fence posting

Grid

Unit arrangement

Cadence units

Measurements

Reproducing

Set letters

Systemization

Epilogue

� �

t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

The mythical eyeof the type designer

(Harmonics, patterns and dynamics in formal typographicrepresentations of the Latin script | The regularization,standardization, systematization, and unitization of roman typesince its Renaissance origin until the Romain du Roi)

Page 2: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

a t y p i r e y k j a v i k , f r i d a y � 6 s e p t e m b e r 2 0 � �

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Standardization

Dynamic rectangle

Em-/en-square

Rhythm

Morphology

Fence posting

Grid

Unit arrangement

Cadence units

Measurements

Reproducing

Set letters

Systemization

Epilogue

� 2

t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

‘Having learned and memorised thetrue proportions of roman letter astaught in the manuals of Moille, Pacioliand others, the goldsmiths, punch-cutters and printers relied on their eyesand not upon their measuring tools.’Stanley Morison, Fra Luca de Pacioli of Borgo S. Sepolcro (1933)

Page 3: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

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Standardization

Dynamic rectangle

Em-/en-square

Rhythm

Morphology

Fence posting

Grid

Unit arrangement

Cadence units

Measurements

Reproducing

Set letters

Systemization

Epilogue

� �

t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

‘These gentlemen would have beenwell advised to a single rule which theyestablished, which is chiefly to beguided by the eye, the supreme judge’

Pierre Simon Fournier, Manuel Typographique (1764 – 1766)(on the attempts of Jaugeon and his colleagues to standardizethe design of the Romain du Roi)

Page 4: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

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Standardization

Dynamic rectangle

Em-/en-square

Rhythm

Morphology

Fence posting

Grid

Unit arrangement

Cadence units

Measurements

Reproducing

Set letters

Systemization

Epilogue

� �

t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

‘[…] some indefinable talent in the bestpunch-cutters and type designers whoaimed and continue to aim at opticalharmony.’

Allen Hutt, Fournier, the compleat typographer (1972)(in his attempt to mistify the quality of punch cutters and typedesigners)

Page 5: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

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Standardization

Dynamic rectangle

Em-/en-square

Rhythm

Morphology

Fence posting

Grid

Unit arrangement

Cadence units

Measurements

Reproducing

Set letters

Systemization

Epilogue

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

‘Every collection of graphemes repre-senting an alphabet has its own rules,defined by their specific harmonics,patterns and dynamics. When thegraphemes are commonly acceptedthey define the rules for the conditio-ning of their users and producers.’feb, Modeldoctrine (1987 – 2011)

Page 6: Mythical Eye

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Standardization

Dynamic rectangle

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Grid

Unit arrangement

Cadence units

Measurements

Reproducing

Set letters

Systemization

Epilogue

� 6

t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

Page 7: Mythical Eye

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Systemization

Epilogue

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Page 8: Mythical Eye

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Set letters

Systemization

Epilogue

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Page 9: Mythical Eye

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Set letters

Systemization

Epilogue

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Page 10: Mythical Eye

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

hpHmm m-square

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Page 11: Mythical Eye

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Epilogue

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

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Page 12: Mythical Eye

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

Page 13: Mythical Eye

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

ascenders &descenders

ascenders &descenders

Page 14: Mythical Eye

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

ascenders &descenders

ascenders &descenders

Page 15: Mythical Eye

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

n-square n-square

Page 16: Mythical Eye

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Epilogue

� �6

t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

Page 17: Mythical Eye

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Epilogue

� ��

t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

‘Although not always very literally,the bulk of the roman capitals used byfifteenth-century printers derive fromtitles employed in the books of thatearlier Renaissance whichCharlemagne had directed in the eightcentury.’Stanley Morison, Fra Luca de Pacioli of Borgo S. Sepolcro (1933)

Page 18: Mythical Eye

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

nnnnnB nnnnnCnnnnnH nnnnn

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Page 19: Mythical Eye

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Page 20: Mythical Eye

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Epilogue

� 20

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Page 21: Mythical Eye

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Page 22: Mythical Eye

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� 22

t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

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Page 23: Mythical Eye

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Page 24: Mythical Eye

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Page 25: Mythical Eye

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� 2�

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Page 26: Mythical Eye

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� 26

t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

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Page 27: Mythical Eye

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Page 28: Mythical Eye

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Page 29: Mythical Eye

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

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nngolden section rectangle golden section rectangle

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ne

Page 30: Mythical Eye

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Page 31: Mythical Eye

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nopgea

Page 32: Mythical Eye

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Page 33: Mythical Eye

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Page 34: Mythical Eye

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Page 35: Mythical Eye

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Page 36: Mythical Eye

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Epilogue

� �6

t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

omibue fence posting

omibuefence posting/unit correction 16 n-units

omibuefence posting/unit correction 32 n-units

omibue Adobe Jenson fitting

a

b

c

d

Page 37: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

a t y p i r e y k j a v i k , f r i d a y � 6 s e p t e m b e r 2 0 � �

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Systemization

Epilogue

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

Cadence_units arrangement

1 A 1 (left and right from x-axis extreme)8 B 3 (left from stem, right from x-axis extreme)3 C 2 (left and right from x-axis extreme)8 D 3 (left from stem, right from x-axis extreme)8 E 2 (left from stem, right from x-axis extreme)8 F 2 (left from stem, right from x-axis extreme)3 G 6 (left from x-axis extreme and right from stem)8 H 8 (left and right from stem)8 I 8 (left and right from stem)6 J 6 (left and right from stem)8 K 1 (left from stem, right from x-axis extreme)8 L 2 (left from stem, right from x-axis extreme)8 M 8 (left and right from stem)8 N 8 (left and right from stem)3 O 3 (left and right from x-axis extreme)8 P 2 (left from stem, right from x-axis extreme)3 Q 3 (left and right from x-axis extreme)8 R 1 (left from stem, right from x-axis extreme)3 S 3 (left and right from x-axis extreme)1 T 1 (left and right from x-axis extreme)6 U 6 (left and right from stem)1 V 1 (left and right from x-axis extreme)1 W 1 (left and right from x-axis extreme)1 X 1 (left and right from x-axis extreme)1 Y 1 (left and right from x-axis extreme)2 Z 2 (left and right from x-axis extreme)

Note: the only area which counts, is within the x-height / the capital spaces are lc + 1

32 n-units / capitals stems and bowls like lower case plus 1 (except for A, K-right, V,V,X,Y)

2 a 6 (left and right from x-axis extreme, right from stem)5 b 2 (left from stem, right from x-axis extreme)2 c 1 (left and right from x-axis extreme)2 d 6 (left and right from x-axis extreme, right from stem)2 e 1 (left and right from x-axis extreme)6 f 1 (left from stem, right from x-axis extreme)2 g 1 (left and right from x-axis extreme)6 h 6 (left and right from stem)6 i 6 (left and right from stem)6 j 5 (left and right from stem)6 k 1 (left from stem, right from x-axis extreme)6 l 6 (left and right from stem)6 m 6 (left and right from stem)6 n 6 (left and right from stem)2 o 2 (left and right from x-axis extreme)6 p 2 (left from stem, right from x-axis extreme)2 q 5 (left from x-axis, right from stem)6 r 1 (left from stem, right from x-axis extreme)3 s 3 (left and right from x-axis extreme)5 t 1 (left from stem, right from x-axis extreme)5 u 5 (left and right from stem)1 v 1 (left and right from x-axis extreme)1 w 1 (left and right from x-axis extreme)1 x 1 (left and right from x-axis extreme)1 y 1 (left and right from x-axis extreme)2 z 2 (left and right from x-axis extreme)3 . 3 (left and right from x-axis extreme)3 , 3 (left and right from x-axis extreme)

Page 38: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

a t y p i r e y k j a v i k , f r i d a y � 6 s e p t e m b e r 2 0 � �

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Systemization

Epilogue

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

Original: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzThe invention of printing from movable types was one of the chief events affecting the his-tory of European civilization. The task of duplicating texts without variance was impossiblebefore Gutenberg equiped the scholar with the accuracy of type. Prejudiced connoisseurs inthe fifteenth century deplored the new mass production of books, but men of letters eagerly hailed the printing press as a method of disseminating knowledge in permanent form; andthe earliest printed books soon rivalled in beauty, as they superseded in economy, the fine manuscripts of their day. The invention of Printing from movable types was one of the chief

Cadence: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzThe invention of printing from movable types was one of the chief events affecting the historyof European civilization. The task of duplicating texts without variance was impossible beforeGutenberg equiped the scholar with the accuracy of type. Prejudiced connoisseurs in thefifteenth century deplored the new mass production of books, but men of letters eagerly hailed the printing press as a method of disseminating knowledge in permanent form; and theearliest printed books soon rivalled in beauty, as they superseded in economy, the fine manuscripts of their day. The invention of Printing from movable types was one of the chief

Page 39: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

Page 40: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

a t y p i r e y k j a v i k , f r i d a y � 6 s e p t e m b e r 2 0 � �

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Systemization

Epilogue

� �0

t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

nnooennnooen

1

2

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n14 units 14 units

grid fitting

original fitting

12 units

nnooen

Page 41: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

Page 42: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

Page 43: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

Page 44: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

Page 45: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

Page 46: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

Page 47: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

Page 48: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

Page 49: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

a t y p i r e y k j a v i k , f r i d a y � 6 s e p t e m b e r 2 0 � �

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Epilogue

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

Original: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzThe invention of printing from movable types was one of the chief events affecting the historyof European civilization. The task of duplicating texts without variance was impossible beforeGutenberg equiped the scholar with the accuracy of type. Prejudiced connoisseurs in thefifteenth century deplored the new mass production of books, but men of letters eagerly hailedthe printing press as a method of disseminating knowledge in permanent form; and the earliestprinted books soon rivalled in beauty, as they superseded in economy, the fine manuscripts oftheir day. The invention of Printing from movable types was one of the chief events

Cadence: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzThe invention of printing from movable types was one of the chief events affecting the historyof European civilization. The task of duplicating texts without variance was impossible beforeGutenberg equiped the scholar with the accuracy of type. Prejudiced connoisseurs in thefifteenth century deplored the new mass production of books, but men of letters eagerly hailedthe printing press as a method of disseminating knowledge in permanent form; and the earliest printed books soon rivalled in beauty, as they superseded in economy, the fine manuscripts of their day. The invention of Printing from movable types was one of the chief

Page 50: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

a t y p i r e y k j a v i k , f r i d a y � 6 s e p t e m b e r 2 0 � �

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Epilogue

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

Page 51: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

a t y p i r e y k j a v i k , f r i d a y � 6 s e p t e m b e r 2 0 � �

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Epilogue

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

h ij k l n

Page 52: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

a t y p i r e y k j a v i k , f r i d a y � 6 s e p t e m b e r 2 0 � �

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Epilogue

� �2

t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

OHamburgefonstivOHamburgefonstiv

Monotype Bembo: factory spacing

Monotype Bembo: cadence units spacing

Page 53: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

a t y p i r e y k j a v i k , f r i d a y � 6 s e p t e m b e r 2 0 � �

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Epilogue

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

OHamburgefonstivOHamburgefonstiv

Swi�: factory spacing

Swi�: cadence units spacing

Page 54: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

a t y p i r e y k j a v i k , f r i d a y � 6 s e p t e m b e r 2 0 � �

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Epilogue

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

OHamburgefonstivOHamburgefonstivOHamburgefonstiv

Documenta: factory spacing

Documenta: cadence units spacing

Documenta: Kernus spacing

Page 55: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

a t y p i r e y k j a v i k , f r i d a y � 6 s e p t e m b e r 2 0 � �

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Epilogue

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

Page 56: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

a t y p i r e y k j a v i k , f r i d a y � 6 s e p t e m b e r 2 0 � �

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Epilogue

� �6

t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

Page 57: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

a t y p i r e y k j a v i k , f r i d a y � 6 s e p t e m b e r 2 0 � �

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

Page 58: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

a t y p i r e y k j a v i k , f r i d a y � 6 s e p t e m b e r 2 0 � �

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Epilogue

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

‘Conditioning is based on conventionsand subsequently conditioning preser-ves conventions. Thus the snake bitesits own tail; to able to use one’s ‘eye’one has to be educated to look at typein the same way.’feb, Modeldoctrine (1987 – 2011)

Page 59: Mythical Eye

f r a n k e . b l o k l a n d

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Epilogue

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t h e m y t h i c a l e y e o f t h e t y p e d e s i g n e r

The mythical eye of the type designer

(Harmonics, patterns and dynamics in formal typographicrepresentations of the Latin script | The regularization,standardization, systematization, and unitization of roman typesince its Renaissance origin until the Romain du Roi)