mysql replication: what's new in mysql 5.7 and mysql 8 · mysql database replication: some...
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MySQL Replication: What's New In MySQL 5.7 and MySQL 8
Luís SoaresSoftware Development DirectorMySQL Replication
Tuesday, 24th April 2018, Santa Clara, CA, USA Percona Live 2018 1
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Safe Harbor Statement
The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.
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Program Agenda
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Introduction
Use Cases
Enhancements in MySQL 8 (and 5.7)
Enhancements in lab.mysql.com
Roadmap
Conclusion
Program Agenda
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2
3
4
4
5
6
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Introduction
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5
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Boom
Web ExplodesTuesday, 24th April 2018, Santa Clara, CA, USA Percona Live 2018
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Today...
– Technology mesh.
– All things distributed.
– Large amounts of data to handle, transform, store.
– Offline periods are horribly expensive, simply unaffordable.
– Go green requires dynamic and adaptative behavior.
– Much more data to store – e.g. social media, “Look at all of my pictures!”; Monitoring – Keeping logs for N years! ; IoT – and much more.
– Moving, transforming and processing data quicker than anyone else means having an edge over competitors.
– It is a zoo. Distributed coordination and monitoring is key.
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Database Replication
Tuesday, 24th April 2018, Santa Clara, CA, USA Percona Live 2018
ServerB
ServerA
App
INSERT ...
INSERT ... INSERT ...
Replication“The process of generating and reproducing multiple copies of data at one or more sites.”,Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation, and Management, Thomas M. Connolly, Carolyn E. Begg, Third Edition, 2002.
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MySQL Database Replication: Overview
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INSERT ...Server
B
binary log
INSERT ...
relay log
INSERT ...Server
A
binary log
App
ReceiverMeta-data
Update
ApplierMeta-data
Update
INSERT ...
Comm. Framework
9
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MySQL Database Replication: Overview
Tuesday, 24th April 2018, Santa Clara, CA, USA Percona Live 2018
INSERT ...Server
B
binary log
INSERT ...
relay log
INSERT ...Server
A
binary log
App
ReceiverMeta-data
Update
ApplierMeta-data
Update
INSERT ...
Persistent
log buffer Threadedapplier
Send, Receive,ACK, NACK,
Heartbeating,...
Comm. Framework
Capturestatements
or datachanges.
Persistentlog buffer
10
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MySQL Database Replication: Some Notes
• Logical replication log recording master changes (binary log).
• Row or statement based format (may be intermixed).
• Each transaction is split into groups of events.
• Control events: Rotate, Format Description, Gtid, and more.
Binary Log
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Layout of the Binary Log.
BEGIN ...E1 E2 COMMIT BEGIN ...E1 E2 COMMITGTID GTID
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Coordination Between Servers
MySQL Database Replication: Some Notes
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A B Since 3.23
A B
semi-synchronous (plugin)
A CB
group replication (plugin)
transactions
transactions
Since 5.5
Since 5.7.17
asynchronous (native)
transactions, membership, coordination
acks
And in MySQL 8 as of 8.0.1
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Use cases
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Clustering Made Practical
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RAISE
eplicate
utomate
ntegrate
cale
nhance
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Replicate
• For highly available infrastructures where:
– the number of servers has to grow or shrink dynamically;
– with as little pain as possible.
Group Replication
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A B C D E
15
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Automate
• Single-primary mode
– Automatic PRIMARY/SECONDARY role assignment
– Automatic new PRIMARY election on PRIMARY failures
– Automatic setup of read/write modes on PRIMARY and SECONDARIES
– Automatic global consistent view of which server is the PRIMARY
Group Replication
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S S S* S P S
Next PrimaryOld Primary
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IntegrateBinary Log
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• Logical replication log
– Extract, transform and load.
– MySQL fits nicely with other technologies.
INSERT ...Server
A
Replication log
App
INSERT ...
Hadoop
Kafka
Solr
Lucene
...
Transform
17
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Scale
• Replicate between clusters
– For disaster recovery
• Read Replicas
– For read-scale out. Deploy asynchronous read replicas connected to the cluster
Asynchronous Replication
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A B C
J K L
D
I
M
Z
.
.
.
.
.
.
18
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InnoDB Cluster
Enhance
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S1 S2 S3 S4 S…
M
M M
MySQL Connector
Application
MySQL Router
MySQL Connector
Application
MySQL Router
MySQL Shell
HA
Rep
licaS
et1
• InnoDB Cluster Integrated Solution
– Group Replication for high availability.
– Asynchronous Replication for Read Scale-out.
– One-stop shell to deploy and manage the cluster.
– Seamlessly and automatically route the workload to the proper database server in the cluster.
– Hide failures from the application.
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Binary Log Metadata
Enhancements in MySQL 8 (and 5.7)
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3.1
3
20
Operations3.2
Monitoring3.3
Performance3.4
Other3.5
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New Metadata in the Binary LogEasy to extract, transform and load into other systems.
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Gtid_log_eventTransaction length, …Commit timestamps
Table_map eventTypes, primary key, …Sign, charset, …
Write_rowsCommit
ServerA
Binary log
App
INSERT ...
21
• New Metadata
– Easy to decode what is in the binary log.
– Further facilitates connecting MySQL to other systems using the binary log stream.
– Capturing data changes through the binary log is simplified.
– Also more stats showing where the data is/was at a certain point in time.
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Enhancements in MySQL 8 (and 5.7)
Tuesday, 24th April 2018, Santa Clara, CA, USA Percona Live 2018
Binary Log Metadata3.1
3
22
Operations3.2
Monitoring3.3
Performance3.4
Other3.5
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Replicate, Filter, Aggregate, Query
Multi-Source Replication Filters
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A
B
C
users
bio
groups
users
posts
comments
users bio groups posts comments
only users
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Automatic protection against involuntarily tainting of offline replicas
Preventing Updates On Replicas that Leave the Cluster
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B C
A
B CA
A joins a single primary cluster andit allows update operations priorto joining.
A becomes a secondary and isautomatically set to read only.
B C
A
A leaves the group and remainsread only until the DBA reverts.
Backported to 5.7.20
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Choose next primary by assigning election weights to the candidates.
Primary Election Weights
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B CAw=100 w=90w=50
B
CA
w=100
w=90w=50
CAw=90w=50
B is the primary.
B is not in the group anymore.C has higher weight than A.
C is elected the new primary.
Backported to 5.7.20
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AppsApps
New options to fine tune the cluster automatic flow control in 8.0.
Online and Automatic Cluster Performance Management
26Tuesday, 24th April 2018, Santa Clara, CA, USA Percona Live 2018
B CA B CA B CA
B is struggling to keepup.
B is struggling tokeep up.
A and C throttlethemselves automatically.
B is not struggling any more.System adjusted Itself.
B has a chance tocatch up.
Apps
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Enhancements in MySQL 8 (and 5.7)
Tuesday, 24th April 2018, Santa Clara, CA, USA Percona Live 2018
Binary Log Metadata3.1
3
27
Operations3.2
Monitoring3.3
Performance3.4
Other3.6
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Through the entire asynchronous topology
Monitor Lag With Microsecond Precision
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A B C D
How much time does my data take to reachD coming from A?
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From the immediate master
Monitor Lag With Microsecond Precision
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A B C D
How much time does my data originated inA takes to flow from B to C?
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For each stage of the replication applier process
Monitor Lag with Microsecond Precision
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D
Data
Worker ThreadsRelay Log
CoordinatorThread
ReceiverThread
• Per Stage Timestamps
– User can monitor how much time it takes for a specific transaction to traverse the pipeline.
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Version, Role and more
Global Group Stats Available on Every Server
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A B C
A is primary.B, C are secondaries.A: 5.7.20B, C: 8.0.3
A is primary.B, C are secondaries.A: 5.7.20B, C: 8.0.3
A is primary.B, C are secondaries.A: 5.7.20B, C: 8.0.3
• Query one Replica, Get status of all
– Every replica reports group-wide information about roles and versions of the members of the group.
– Also available at any replica are group-wide status.
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Enhancements in MySQL 8 (and 5.7)
Tuesday, 24th April 2018, Santa Clara, CA, USA Percona Live 2018
Binary Log Metadata3.1
3
32
Operations3.2
Monitoring3.3
Performance3.4
Other3.5
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Write set parallelization
Highly Efficient Replication Applier
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0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
Up
dat
es/
seco
nd
Ap
plie
s o
n t
he
Re
plic
a
Number of Clients on the Master
Applier Throughput: Sysbench Update Index
COMMIT_ORDER WRITESET WRITESET_SESSION
Backported to 5.7.22
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Highly Efficient Replication Applier
• WRITESET dependency tracking allows applying a single threaded workload in parallel.
– Delivers the best throughput of the three dependency trackers, at any concurrency level.
• WRITESET_SESSION in addition to writesets tracks sessions dependencies as well. Two transactions executed on the same session are always scheduled in execution order on replica servers.
• Fast Group Replication recovery – time to catch up.
Write set parallelization
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Backported to 5.7.22
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Replica quickly online by using WRITESET
Fast Group Replication Recovery
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Sysbench RW at 33% capacity(workload: 9K TPS on 64 threads)
Sysbench RW at 66% capacity(workload: 18K TPS on 64 threads)
Tim
e to
cac
th-u
p p
er t
ime
of
wo
rlo
ad m
issi
ng
(rat
io)
Group Replication Recovery Time: Sysbench Update Index (durable settings)
MySQL 5.7.20 MySQL 8.0.3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Sysbench RW at 33% capacity(workload: 4K TPS on 64 threads)
Sysbench RW at 66% capacity(workload: 8K TPS on 64 threads)
Tim
e to
cac
th-u
p p
er t
ime
of
wo
rlo
ad m
issi
ng
(rat
io)
Group Replication Recovery Time: Sysbench RW (durable settings)
MySQL 5.7.20 MySQL 8.0.3
Backported to 5.7.22
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More transactions per second while sustaining zero lag on any replica
High Cluster Throughput
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8 16 32 64
Number of Clients on the Master
Asynchronous Replication Sustained Throughput(Sysbench Update Index, non-durable settings)
MySQL 5.7 MySQL 8.0.3
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
8 16 32 64
Up
dat
es
pe
r se
con
d
Number of Clients on the Master
Asynchronous Replication Sustained Throughput(Sysbench Update Index, durable settings)
MySQL 5.7 MySQL 8.0.3
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High Cluster Throughput
– At lower thread count, the throughput of the system doubles in MySQL 8.0 compared to MySQL 5.7 on durable settings.
– At lower thread count, the throughput of the system more than doubles in MySQL 8.0 compared to MySQL 5.7 on non-durable settings.
More transactions per second while sustaining zero lag on any replica
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Replicate only changed fields of documents (Partial JSON Updates)
Efficient Replication of JSON Documents
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0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Entire JSON Partial JSON
Byt
es p
er
tran
sact
ion
Binary Log Space Per Transaction
FULL MINIMAL
• Numbers are from a specially designed benchmark:• tables have 10 JSON fields,• each transaction modifies
around 10% of the data
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0,0
500,0
1000,0
1500,0
2000,0
2500,0
1 2 3 4
Tran
sact
ion
s p
er s
eco
nd
Throughput on the Master: Partial JSON vs Complete JSON
4 8 16 32 64
Replicate only fields of the document that changed (Partial JSON Updates)
Efficient Replication of JSON Documents
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Throughput on the Slave: Partial JSON vs Ccomplete JSON
4 8 16 32 64
FULL MINIMAL FULL MINIMAL FULL MINIMAL FULL MINIMAL
COMPLETE JSON PARTIAL JSON COMPLETE JSON PARTIAL JSON
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Enhancements in MySQL 8 (and 5.7)
Tuesday, 24th April 2018, Santa Clara, CA, USA Percona Live 2018
Binary Log Metadata3.1
3
40
Operations3.2
Monitoring3.3
Performance3.4
Other3.5
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Changes to defaults in MySQL 8
• Binary log is on by default.
• Logging of slave updates is on by default.
• Replication metadata is stored in InnoDB tables by default instead of files.
• Row-based applier uses hash scans to find rows instead of table scans.
• Transaction write-set extraction is on by default.
• Binary log expiration is set to 30 days by default.
• Server-id is set to 1 by default instead of 0.
High performance replication enabled out-of-the-box
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Other MySQL 8 Replication Enhancements
• Monitoring: Monitor replication even when disk full
• Monitoring: Current query being applied, even for row-based replication
• Monitoring: Replication filters statistics in performance schema
• Monitoring: Group Replication threads instrumented and shown in performance schema
• Monitoring: Group Replication conditional variables and mutexesinstrumented and shown in performance schema
• Recoverability: Recover DDL and binary log together after a crash
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Other MySQL 8 Replication Enhancements
• Operations: Restore global transaction identifiers metadata on a non-empty server
• Operations: Specify binary log file number after RESET MASTER
• Operations: Specify when binary log files are automatically purged (with second precision)
• Operations: SAVEPOINT support when write sets are being extracted
• Operations: P_S table for consistent log positions (replacing potentially expensive FLUSH TABLE WITH READ LOCKS)
• Operations: Support hostnames in Group Replication whitelist
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Backported to 5.7.19
Backported to 5.7.21
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Other MySQL 8 Replication Enhancements
• Troubleshooting: Dynamic and high performance debugging of group replication inter-node messaging
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Enhancements in Labs
Tuesday, 24th April 2018, Santa Clara, CA, USA Percona Live 2018
4
45
Operations4.1
Monitoring4.2
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Enhancements in Labs
Tuesday, 24th April 2018, Santa Clara, CA, USA Percona Live 2018
4
46
Operations4.1
Monitoring4.2
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Automatically Shutdown When Replica Leaves the Group Involuntarily
Automatic Abort Replicas that Leave the Group
47Tuesday, 24th April 2018, Santa Clara, CA, USA Percona Live 2018
B C
A
A shuts itself down, thus becomingeffectively unavailble for both readsand write operations.
B CA
A is a secondary and wasautomatically set to read only.
B C
A
A leaves the group involuntarily(failed to apply changes, networkpartitioned, etc).
http://labs.mysql.com
@@group_replication_exit_state_action={ READ_ONLY | ABORT_SERVER }
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Enhancements in Labs
Tuesday, 24th April 2018, Santa Clara, CA, USA Percona Live 2018
4
48
Operations4.1
Monitoring4.2
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Group Replication Message Cache Memory Usage
• GCS/XCom’s Paxos message cache is instrumented.
• GCS/XCom’s Paxos message cache memory usage is exposed in performance schema.
49Tuesday, 24th April 2018, Santa Clara, CA, USA Percona Live 2018
-- This is a session open on ServerA and the user is reading stats on GCS_Xcom message cacheServerA> select * from memory_summary_global_by_event_name where event_namelike "%GCS_XCom%"\G*************************** 1. row ***************************
EVENT_NAME: memory/group_rpl/GCS_XCom::xcom_cacheCOUNT_ALLOC: 28890317COUNT_FREE: 28840318
SUM_NUMBER_OF_BYTES_ALLOC: 24499151783SUM_NUMBER_OF_BYTES_FREE: 24470424555
LOW_COUNT_USED: 0CURRENT_COUNT_USED: 49999
HIGH_COUNT_USED: 50000LOW_NUMBER_OF_BYTES_USED: 0
CURRENT_NUMBER_OF_BYTES_USED: 28727228HIGH_NUMBER_OF_BYTES_USED: 135676530
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
http://labs.mysql.com
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Roadmap
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5
50
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The Road to MySQL 8 Group Replication and InnoDB Clusters
Tuesday, 24th April 2018, Santa Clara, CA, USA Percona Live 2018
MySQL 5.6.105.6 is GA
MySQL 5.7.95.7 is GAlifecycle interfacesP_S tables for GRserver side changes
GR 0.2.0 labsHello world!
MySQL 5.7.17GR is GA
...
MySQL 8.0.1 DMRGR is released with 8InnoDB Cluster is GALots of replication enhancements
MySQL 8.0.3 RC1bug fixespartial json updatesmonitoring enhancements
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MySQL 8.0.4 RC2bug fixesmonitoring
MySQL 8.0.11 GAbug fixesMySQL 8.0.0 DMR
MySQL 8.0.2 DMRMore replicationenhancements
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MySQL InnoDB Cluster: The End Goal
Tuesday, 24th April 2018, Santa Clara, CA, USA Percona Live 2018
S1 S2 S3 S4 S…
M
M M
MySQL Connector
Application
MySQL Router
MySQL Connector
Application
MySQL Router
MySQL Shell
HA
Rep
licaS
et1
S1 S2 S3 S4 S…
M
M M
MySQL Connector
Application
MySQL Router
HA
Rep
licaS
etN
52
...
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Conclusion
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53
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Conclusion
MySQL 8.0.11 GA is out:
• Performance/efficiency improvements
– Smaller recovery times, faster applier, reduced storage footprint.
• Replication instrumentation
– Enhanced lag monitoring, more introspection into Group Replication stats and threads
• Powerful Dev-Ops– Enhanced multi-source replication filters, controlled primary election and fine tunning
of flow control.
– Improved crash-recovery, new defaults, more flexible GTID handling.
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Where to go from here?
• Packages
– http://www.mysql.com/downloads/
• Documentation– https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/
• Blogs from the Engineers (news, technical information, and much more)
– http://mysqlhighavailability.com
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