MYELOPHTHISIC ANEMIA

AARON JOSHUA LOPEZ MLS 3-B

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESISInfiltration of abnormal cells in the BM

Destruction and replacement of normal hematopoietic stem cells.

Cytokines, GFs, other substances are released.Premature release of immature cells.Stem and progenitor cells migrate to the spleen and

liver.

MORPHOLOGYNormocytic and normochromicPeripheral blood

RBC and WBC precursorsLeukoerythroblast

Bone marrowAbnormal cells

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSDizzinessWeaknessPalpitationsFever(evidence of infection)PalenessTachycardia

Hepatosplenomegaly

DIAGNOSISPeripheral blood, CBC, RBC indices

Teardrop cellImmature WBCGiant plateletsLeukoerythroblastosis (RBC and WBC precursors)

Reticulocyte countOften low

Bone marrow examination Confirmatory

PeripheralBone marrow

CASE STUDYA 46-year-old male patient presented with an 8 × 7-cm

ulcerated plaque on his chest, found to be morpheaform basal cell on pathology. Laboratory findings were notable for normocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated LDH. Further work up with bone marrow biopsy revealed tumor cells. This confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic BCC (MBCC) to bone marrow.

REFERENCESBesa, K., “Myelophthisic Anemia.” eMedicine. K. Krishnan (Ed.). (August 2013) Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/204647-overview

Besa, Emmanuel, Ulrich Woermann, and C. Wullstein. "Myelophthisic Anemia." eMedicine. Eds. Koyamangalath Krishnan, et al. 8 Apr. 2002. Medscape. (20 Oct. 2004) Retrieved from http//emedicine.com/med/topic1562.htm

Lichtin, A., “Myelophthisic Anemia.” (May 2013) Retrieved from http://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/hematology-and-oncology/anemias-caused-by-deficient-erythropoiesis/myelophthisic-anemia

Pham CM, Syed AA, Siddiqui HA, Keller RA, Kowalewski C. “Case of metastatic basal cell carcinoma to bone marrow, resulting in myelophthisic anemia.” (April 2013) Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23147353