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Myeloid Session: Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018

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Page 1: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Myeloid Session:Case Presentation

Adam BaggUniversity of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia

IAPJordan

October 2018

Page 2: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

History

• 86‐year‐old woman• No significant past medical history• Lives alone, rakes her own leaves• Dizzy for several days• Intermittent fevers• Loss of appetite

Page 3: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Laboratory• WBC: 74,000/µl (was 6,000/µl 8 months previously)

– 10% neutrophils– 15% lymphocytes– 4% monocytes– 2% eosinophils– 13% bands– 3% metamyelocytes– 8% myelocytes– 37% promyelocytes– 2% blasts

• Platelets: 81,000/µl

Page 4: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Timeline of Events

Day 0                        8

High DoseHydroxyurea

Presentation (outside hospital)Peripheral blood smear not available for reviewWBC and differential: 74 k/µl, 37% promyelo, 2% blast, 2% eosFISH: t(15;17) PML‐RARA [3/200]

Bone marrow biopsy #1

Therapy

Page 5: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Bone Marrow Aspirate #1 Marked myeloid left shift with increased promyelocytes, myelocytes, and eosinophil precursors. 

No increase in blasts. No morphologically classic leukemic promyelocytes.

Wright‐Giemsa, 50x

Page 6: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Bone Marrow Biopsy #1 Markedly hypercellular

H&E 5x

Page 7: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Bone Marrow Biopsy #1 Prominent bone marrow eosinophilia

H&E 50x

Page 8: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Bone Marrow Biopsy #1 Numerous immature myeloid precursors

H&E 50x

Page 9: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant
Page 10: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Genetic Studies

• Peripheral blood– RT‐PCR for BCR‐ABL1: negative– JAK2 V617F mutation: negative– FISH for t(15;17) PML‐RARA:

• Low positive [3/200]

• Bone marrow #1– Cytogenetics:

• 46,XX,t(8;9)(p22;p24)[20]

Page 11: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Timeline of Events

Day 0                        8                12                                    21                                            35

High DoseHydroxyurea

Presentation (outside hospital)Peripheral blood smear not available for reviewWBC and differential: 74 k/µl, 37% promyelo, 2% blast, 2% eosFISH: t(15;17) PML‐RARA [3/200]

Bone marrow biopsy #1Left‐shifted, eosinophilia46,XX,t(8;9)(p22;p24)[20]

Transfer from outside hospitalPeripheral blood smear #1WBC and differential: 51.4 k/µl, 2% promyelo, 3% blast, 7% eos

Therapy

Page 12: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Peripheral Blood #1

Wright‐Giemsa, 100x

Eosinophilia including eosinophilic precursors (C)

A

B

C

Blasts without morphologic features of leukemic promyelocytes, few granules (A,B)

Page 13: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Karyotype (Peripheral Blood #1)46,XX,t(8;9)(p22;p24)[27]

Page 14: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

FISH (Peripheral Blood #1)t(15;17) PML‐RARA [2/200 interphase cells]

Page 15: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

PML‐RARA, PML Intron 3 BreakpointIdentified by RT‐PCR

Page 16: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Timeline of Events

Day 0                        8                12                                    21                                        35

All‐Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA)

Arsenic Trioxide (ATO)

Presentation (outside hospital)Peripheral blood smear not available for reviewWBC and differential: 74 k/µl, 37% promyelo, 2% blast, 2% eosFISH: t(15;17) PML‐RARA [3/200]

Bone marrow biopsy #1Left‐shifted, eosinophilia46,XX,t(8;9)(p22;p24)[20]

Transfer from outside hospitalPeripheral blood smear #1WBC and differential: 51.4 k/µl, 2% promyelo, 3% blast, 7% eos

Bone marrow biopsy #2

Therapy

High DoseHydroxyurea

Page 17: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Bone Marrow Biopsy #2 Markedly hypercellular

H&E 5x

Page 18: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Bone Marrow Biopsy #2 Numerous immature cells, few eosinophils

H&E 50x

Page 19: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Genetic Studies

• Bone marrow #2 (hemodilute aspirate)

– FISH: negative for t(15;17) PML‐RARA– RT‐PCR: negative for t(15;17) PML‐RARA– Karyotype: 46,XX[6]

Page 20: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Timeline of Events

Day 0                        8                12                                    21                                        35

High DoseHydroxyurea

All‐Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA)

Arsenic Trioxide (ATO)

Presentation (Outside Hospital)Peripheral Blood (Smear Not Available For Review):WBC: 74 k/µl, 37% Promyelo, 2% Blast, 2% EosFISH: t(15;17) PML‐RARA [3/200]

Transfer From Outside HospitalPeripheral Blood #1WBC: 51.4 k/µl, 2% Promyelo, 3% Blast, 7% Eos

Bone Marrow Biopsy #2Hemodilute aspirateLeft‐shifted biopsy46,XX[6]PML‐RARA negative

Bone marrow biopsy #1Left‐shifted, eosinophilia46,XX,t(8;9)(p22;p24)[20]

Page 21: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Timeline of Events

Day 0                        8                12                                    21                                        35

Presentation (Outside Hospital)Peripheral Blood (Smear Not Available For Review):WBC: 74 k/µl, 37% Promyelo, 2% Blast, 2% EosFISH: t(15;17) PML‐RARA [3/200]

Transfer From Outside HospitalPeripheral Blood #1WBC: 51.4 k/µl, 2% Promyelo, 3% Blast, 7% Eos

Therapy stopped due to renal failure.Hospice care: comfort measures only

Bone marrow biopsy #1Left‐shifted, eosinophilia46,XX,t(8;9)(p22;p24)[20]

Bone Marrow Biopsy #2Hemodilute aspirateLeft‐shifted biopsy46,XX[6]PML‐RARA negative

High DoseHydroxyurea

All‐Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA)

Arsenic Trioxide (ATO)

Page 22: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Potential Effect of Arsenic Trioxide On Eosinophilia and t(8;9) PCM1‐JAK2

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Eosinophils (Absolute)

Days After Transfer From Outside Hospital

All‐Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA)

Arsenic Trioxide (ATO)

Eosin

ophils (x10

00)/µl

t(8;9)[27]

46,XX[6]

Page 23: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Summary• Available morphology alone (that may have been modified by therapy) did 

not differentiate acute leukemia from myeloproliferative neoplasm

• Identification of t(8;9) PCM1‐JAK2 facilitated the diagnosis of a myeloid neoplasm with eosinophilia and PCM1‐JAK2

• t(15;17) PML‐RARA prompted diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) despite the absence of classic morphology (and absence of initial peripheral blood smear for review)

• Unclear whether APL represented clonal evolution of the “chronic” myeloid neoplasm or whether findings represent a composite neoplasm (either way, most unusual)

• Both the t(8;9), present in 100% of metaphases, as well as peripheral blood and marrow eosinophilia, disappeared following brief Rx with ATO (± ATRA),  hinting at the possible therapeutic potential of this agent

Page 24: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Summary• Available morphology alone (that may have been modified by therapy) did 

not differentiate acute leukemia from myeloproliferative neoplasm

• Identification of t(8;9) PCM1‐JAK2 facilitated the diagnosis of a myeloid neoplasm with eosinophilia and PCM1‐JAK2

• t(15;17) PML‐RARA prompted diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) despite the absence of classic morphology (and absence of initial peripheral blood smear for review)

• Unclear whether APL represented clonal evolution of the “chronic” myeloid neoplasm or whether findings represent a composite neoplasm (either way, most unusual)

• Both the t(8;9), present in 100% of metaphases, as well as peripheral blood and marrow eosinophilia, disappeared following brief Rx with ATO (± ATRA),  hinting at the possible therapeutic potential of this agent

Page 25: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Summary• Available morphology alone (that may have been modified by therapy) did 

not differentiate acute leukemia from myeloproliferative neoplasm

• Identification of t(8;9) PCM1‐JAK2 facilitated the diagnosis of a myeloid neoplasm with eosinophilia and PCM1‐JAK2

• t(15;17) PML‐RARA prompted diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) despite the absence of classic morphology (and absence of initial peripheral blood smear for review)

• Unclear whether APL represented clonal evolution of the “chronic” myeloid neoplasm or whether findings represent a composite neoplasm (either way, most unusual)

• Both the t(8;9), present in 100% of metaphases, as well as peripheral blood and marrow eosinophilia, disappeared following brief Rx with ATO (± ATRA),  hinting at the possible therapeutic potential of this agent

Page 26: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Summary• Available morphology alone (that may have been modified by therapy) did 

not differentiate acute leukemia from myeloproliferative neoplasm

• Identification of t(8;9) PCM1‐JAK2 facilitated the diagnosis of a myeloid neoplasm with eosinophilia and PCM1‐JAK2

• t(15;17) PML‐RARA prompted diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) despite the absence of classic morphology (and absence of initial peripheral blood smear for review)

• Unclear whether APL represented clonal evolution of the “chronic” myeloid neoplasm or whether findings represent a composite neoplasm (either way, most unusual)

• Both the t(8;9), present in 100% of metaphases, as well as peripheral blood and marrow eosinophilia, disappeared following brief Rx with ATO (± ATRA),  hinting at the possible therapeutic potential of this agent

Page 27: Myeloid Session: Case Presentation€¦ · Case Presentation Adam Bagg University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia IAP Jordan October 2018. History •86‐year‐old woman •No significant

Summary• Available morphology alone (that may have been modified by therapy) did 

not differentiate acute leukemia from myeloproliferative neoplasm

• Identification of t(8;9) PCM1‐JAK2 facilitated the diagnosis of a myeloid neoplasm with eosinophilia and PCM1‐JAK2

• t(15;17) PML‐RARA prompted diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) despite the absence of classic morphology (and absence of initial peripheral blood smear for review)

• Unclear whether APL represented clonal evolution of the “chronic” myeloid neoplasm or whether findings represent a composite neoplasm (either way, most unusual)

• Both the t(8;9), present in 100% of metaphases, as well as peripheral blood and marrow eosinophilia, disappeared following brief Rx with ATO (± ATRA),  hinting at the possible therapeutic potential of this agent