myco viro.pptx

7/21/2019 MYCO VIRO.pptx

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MICROBIAL WORLDVIRUSBACTERIAFUNGIPARASITE



MYCOLOGY the branch of bioo!" concerne$

%ith the &t'$" of f'n!i( inc'$in! their!enetic an$ bioche)ica *ro*ertie&(their ta+ono)" an$ their '&e toh')an& a& a &o'rcefor tin$er( )e$icine(%ine( chee&e( ,e$ibe )'&hroo)&-(an$ entheo!en&( a& %e a& their$an!er&( &'ch a& *oi&onin!or infection.



FUNGI



INTRODUCTION•

Fungi are eukaryotes• Thallophytes

• Nearly all multicellular(yeasts are unicellular)

• Distinguished from other

kingdoms by:• Nutrition

• Structural organisation

• Growth

•

Reproduction



FUNGAL CELL STRUCTURE



ABSORPTIVE NUTRITION ENABLES FUNG TO LIVE AS DECOMPOSERS ANDS/MBIONTS• F'n!i are heterotro*h& that ac0'ire n'trient& b" ab&or*ti

• Secrete h"$ro"tic en1")e& an$ aci$& to $eco)*o&e co))oec'e& into &i)*er one& that can be ab&orbe$

• S*eciai&e$ into three )ain t"*e&2

• Sa*robe& 3 ab&orb n'trient& fro) $ea$ or!anic )ateri

• Para&itic f'n!i 3 ab&orb n'trient& fro) ce& of i4in! ho&o)e are *atho!enic

• M't'ai&tic f'n!i 3 ab&orb n'trient& fro) a ho&t( b'treci*rocate to bene6t the ho&t



7 T/PES OF FUNGI

• YEASTS

it !ro% a& &in!ece& that re*ro$'ceb" a&e+'a b'$$in!

MOLDS

it !ro% a& on! 6a)ent& ,h"*ha

an$ for a )at,)"cei')-



MOLDS

• Ra*i$" !ro%in! f'n!'%ith no &e+'a &ta!e&

• Ma" $e4eo* into a &ef'n!'&( *ro$'cin!1"!o&*oran!ia( a&cocaor ba&i$iocar*&

• Mo'$& %ith no 8no%n&e+'a &ta!e are 8no%

a& De'tero)"cota ori)*erfect f'n!i2

• Penicillium

• Fa4o'r for b'echee&e&



YEASTS• Unice'ar2 re*ro$'ce

• A&e+'a" b" b'$$in!

• Se+'a" b" *ro$'cin!a&ci or ba&i$ia

• Saccharomyces cerevisia)o&t i)*ortant$o)e&ticate$ f'n!'&2

• Ba8in! an$ bre%in!

• Mo$e or!ani&)

• Can ca'&e *robe)&2

• Rhodotorula2 &ho%erc'rtain&

• Candida2 9thr'&h:



E;TENSIVE SURFACE AREA AND RAPID GROWT<ADAPT FUNGI FOR ABSORPTIVE NUTRITION

• THALLUS- activegrowing vegetativportion

• Basic structuralof fungal vegetati body (mycelium)thehyphae

• HYPHAE-filameor threadlike funstructures



FUNGAL HYPHAE MAY BE

SEPTATE OR ASEPTATE• <"*hae of &e*tate

f'n!i are $i4i$e$ i

ce& b" cro&&%a&cae$ &e*ta

• <"*hae of a&e*taf'n!i ac8 cro&& %,coenoc"tic-

•

Para&itic f'n!i ha4)o$i6e$ h"*haecae$ ha'&toria(%hich *enetrate tho&t ti&&'e b'tre)ain o't&i$e ce

)e)brane



MYCELIA - MASS OR GROUP OF COUNTLESS

INTETWINED </P<AE• AERIAL

MYCELIUM- The *art of !ro%th

that *ro=ect& abo4ethe &'rface of the&'b&trate an$ *ro$'cethe &*ore&

VEGETATIVE

MYCELIUM The *art of !ro%th

that *enetrate& th&'b&trate an$ ab&ofoo$



I PORTANT FUNGI ARE

THER ALLY DI ORPHIC

• Exist as MOLDS in thesaprophytic !ree-"i#in$ state at

a%&ient te%perat're• As YEASTS in host tiss'e at

&o(y te%perat're



RE E BER!

• Most O)LIGATE ANAERO)ES

• So%e FACULTATI*E ANAERO)ES

• None O)LIGATE ANAERO)ES

•

Or$anic so'rce+ CAR)ON• ,a&itat+ EN*IRONMENT

• Candida albicans+ NORMAL FLORA



FUNGAL TOINSAND ALLERGIES



. /INDS OF FUNGAL DISEASE

>.M"coto+ico&e&

Ca'&e3 In!e&te$ to+in&<e*atoto+in&3 a)anatin an$ *haoi$inA?ato+in3 in!e&te$ to+in *ro$'ce$ b" a&*er!i'& ?a4'&,%hich ca'&e& i4er $a)a!e an$ t')or& in ani)a& an$h')an he*atic carcino)a-

@ERGOTISM3 )"coto+ico&i& ca'&e$ b" )o$ Ca4ice*& *'r*'ra

7. Aer!ie& ea$& to FUNGAL SPORES

@ )anife&te$ *ri)ari" b" an AST<MATIC REACTION ,ra*i$bronchocon&triction )e$iate$ b" I!E-( EOSINOP<ILIA( an$ W<EAL ANDFLARE ,i))e$iate &8in te&t reaction-



LA)ORATORY DIAGNOSIS

>. Direct )icro&co*ic e+a)ination

S*eci)en2 &*'t')( 'n! bio*&" )ateria( &8in &cra*in!&@ &*eci)en i& treate$ %ith > O< to ti&&'e )ateria(

ea4in! the a8ai3re&i&tant f'n!i intact@ &tain2 &*ecia f'n!a &tain

Fin$in!&2a. &*her'e& of Cocci$io$e& i))iti&b. %i$e ca*&'e of Cr"*tococc'& neofor)an& &een in

In$ia In8 *re*aration of &*ina ?'i$

7. C't're of the or!ani&)3 c't're$ on Sabo'ra'$& a!ar

. Seroo!ic te&t&3 te&t for the *re&ence of Ab& in *atient& &er') or &*ina ?'i$ ,'&ef

$ia!no&in! &"&te)ic )"co&e& b't e&& &o in $ia!no&in! other f'n!ainfection&-

3 &i!ni6cant RISE in the Ab titer i& a con6r)ation of $ia!no&i&3 COMLEMENT FI;ATION TEST3 CAPSULAR A!& of Cr"*tococc'& neofro)an& in the &*ina ?'i$ can

$etecte$ b" LATE; AGGLUTINATION TEST



ANTIFUNGAL T,ERA0Y

A)*hotericin B )o&t i)*ortant antif'n!a $r'!5 '&e$ intreat)ent of a 4ariet" of $i&&e)inate$ f'n!a $i&ea&e



MYCOSES



Mycoses - are $i&ea&e& of f'n!a etioo!"

3 co))on an$ a 4ariet" of en4iron)ent

an$ *h"&ioo!ica con$ition& can contrib'tto the $e4eo*)ent of f'n!a $i&ea&e&.

4 Categories:•

Cutaneous• Subcutaneous

• Systemic

• opportunistic



SUPERFICIAL OR CUTANEOUS MYCOSE

• Are fungal infection that infects

only the superficial keratinizedstructures (hair, skin & nails)



A. DERMATOMYCOSES OR DERMATOPHY

• caused by fungi; most common fungal infection of human

• useally refered as " !#A " or ring$orm

• characterized by pruritic papules & %esicles, broken skin, bro

nails



• Example

• Tinea Corpis - ring worm of body• Tinea capitis - ring worm of scalp & ha

• Tinea unguimm - ring worm of nails

• Tinea pedis -ringworm of feet ( athlete's

foot)• Tinea barbae - Ringworm of beard

• Tinea Cruris - ringworm of the groin



3 FUNGI OF DERMATOMYCOSES

' Ei!er"o#$to% Affecting skin & hair

' Mi&rosor'" affecting skin & hair ; Spreaded by animals like dog

*' Tri&#o#$to% affecting skin, hair & nails



LA(ORATORY DIAGNOSIS

• Scrapings of skin or nail placed in + -./ () on a glass sl

sho$ hyphae under microscopy

• Culture on Sabouraud0s agar at room temp de%elop typical h

& Conidia



TREATMENT

• Antifungal creams (undecylenic acid, miconazole, tolnaftate, etc)

• .ral 1riseoful%in

2re%ention

• Centers on keeping the skin dry and cool



TINEA VERSICOLOR / PITYRIASISVERSICOLOR

• S8in $i&ea&e charateri1e$ b" bro%ni&h &ca"( itch" area

b" Malassezia furfur ,Pityrosporum orbicular).



Le&ion& are '&'a" notice$ a&h"*o*!)ente$ area& e&*eciat on tanne$

&8in in the &'))er5 e&ion& contain! bothb'$$in! "ea&t ce& h"*hae.

U&'a" the infection i& a&")*to)atic

Occ'r& )ore fre0'ent" in hot( h')i$(%eather



Si$ns an( Sy%pto%s+



$ y p

• The &*ot& are i!hter ,&o)eti)e& $ar8er- than th&'rro'n$in! &8in. The coor of the &*ot& can be%hite( *in8( &a)on( re$( tan( or bro%n.

• The &*ot& can a**ear an"%here on the bo$".

• S*ot& can be $r" an$ &ca".

• S8in )a" itch %here the &*ot& a**ear.

• S*ot& beco)e )ore noticeabe a& the &8in tan&. The "ea&t *re4ent& the &8in fro) tannin!.

• S*ot& !ro% &o%".• A& the "ea&t !ro%&( the &*ot& can co)bine an$

for) *atche& of i!hter ,or $ar8er- &8in.

• The &*ot& )a" $i&a**ear %hen the te)*erat're$ro*& an$ ret'rn in the &*rin! or &'))er %hen

the air !et& %ar) an$ h')i$.



La&oratory Dia$nosis+

• O< ,Pota&&i') h"$ro+i$e- %et )o'nt

• F'n!a c't're

•

1oo(2s "a%p - If the *atient ha& tinea versicolor ( theaHecte$ &8in a**ear& "eo%i&h !reen in coor %hen oo8e$at %ith thi& a)*.



Treat)ent2

To*ica )icona1oe

Note: but the lesions have a tendency torecur & a permanent cure is dicult toachieve)



TINEA NIGRA

• Mani&fe&te$ a& i!ht bro%n to bac8i&h &*ot $'e to )eanin3i8e *

the h"*hae5• Locate$ on the *a)ar an$ *antar &'rface& ca'&e$ b" Cladospo

!ophiala "ernec#ii



• Ca'&ati4e a!ent i& fo'n$ in the &oi tran&)itte$ $'rin! in='r".



Si!n& an$ S")*to)&2

$inea ni%ra ca'&e& a bro%ni&h3bac8 *atch onthe &8in that2

• <a& an irre!'ar &ha*e %ith a $ar8er bor$er

• Ma" be itch" or &ca"

• Ten$& to e+*an$ o4er ti)e

• A tinea ni%ra *atch )a" be )i&ta8en for at"*e of &8in cancer.





Microscopic exa%ination 3 c'"t're o! s4inscrapin$s5



Treat)ent2



Treat)ent2

To*ica 8erato"tic a!ent ,e+a)*e2 &aic"ic aci$-



P'R(• F'n!a infection of the hair characteri1e$ b" no$'e& on

$i&ta &haft.



HISTOPLASMA



<ISTOPLASMA• Di&ea&e2 istoplasma capsulatum that ca'&e&

hi&to*a&)o&i&

• Pro*ertie&2

• i& $i)or*hic f'n!'& that e+i&t a& a )o$ in &oi a& "eti&&'e

•

for)& 7 t"*e& of a&e+'a &*ore&2• t'berc'ate )acroconi$ia

• )icrocon$ia

• Tran&)i&&ion E*i$e)oioo!"2



• Tran&)i&&ion E*i$e)oioo!"2

!ro%& in &oi an$( *artic'ar" if the &oi i&hea4i" conta)inate$ % bir$& $ro**in!&.

• Patho!ene&i& Cinica Fin$in!&2

• inhae$ &*ore& are en!'fe$ b" )acro*ha!e& $e4eo* into "ea&t for)&

• in ti&&'e( * capsulatom occ'r& a& an o4a b'$$i"ea&t in&i$e )acro*ha!e&

• the or!ani&) &*rea$ %i$e" tho'!ho't the bo$"b't )o&t infection& re)ain a&")*to)atic beca'the &)a !ran'o)ato'& foci hea b" caci6catio

• % inten&e e+*o&'re( *ne')onia )a" beco)ecinica" )anife&t



La&oratory Dia$nosis

• in ti&&'e bio*&" or bone )arro% a&*irate&( o4

"ea&t ce& %in )acro*ha!e& are &een)icro&co*ica"

• c't're& on &abo'ra'$J& a!ar &ho% t"*ica&tr'ct're& ,e+. t'berc'ate )acrocon$ria-

• &8in te&t % f'n!a e+tract ,hi&to*a&)in-beco)e& *o&iti4e ,in $'ration- %in 73 %8& oinfection re)ain& for "ear&.



7 &eroo!ic te&t to be '&e$2

• co)*i)ent 6+ation ,CF-3 >27 Ab titer % "ea&t *ha&e A!&

$ia!no&tic• CF titer& fa %hen $i&ea&e beco)e& inacti4e ri&e in

$i&&e)inate$ $i&ea&e.

• i))'no$iH'&ion ,ID-3 $etect& *reci*itatin! Ab&,*reci*itin&- b" for)in! 7 ban$&( M an$ <( in an a!ar

!e $iH'&ion a&&a". – )ore &*eci6c b't e&& &en&iti4e than the CF te&t



Treat)ent an$ Pre4ention

•

no thera*" i& nee$e$ in a&&")*to)atic or )i*ri)ar" infection.

• ora 8etocona1oe3 % *ro!re&&i4e 'n! e&ion&

• a)*hotericin B3 treat)ent of choice in$i&&e)inate$ $i&ea&e

• ora itracona1oe3 '&e$ to treat *')onar" $i&&e)inate$ $i&ea&e



CRY0TOCOCCUS

Di C t i , t i iti -



Di&ea&e2 Cr"*tococco&i& ,e&* cr"*tococca )enin!iti&-3 ca'&e$ b" Cr"*tococc'& neofor)an&

Pro*ertie&2 not $i)or*hic "ea&t are o4a( b'$$in! &'rro'n$e$ b" a %i$e

*o"&acchari$e ca*&'e

Tran&)i&&ion2 "ea&t occ'r %i$e" in nat're !ro%& ab'n$an

containin! bir$ $ro**in!& ,e&* *i!eon- h')an infection re&'t& fro) inhaation of the o

P th i Ci i Fi $i



Patho!ene&i& Cinica Fin$in!&2 L'n! infection K often a&")*to)atic )a" *ro$

*ne')onia Occ'r& )ain" in i))'noco)*ro)i&e$ *er&on&

the or!ani&) $i&&e)inate& to the CNS3)enin!it

LAB D;2 in &*ina ?'i$ )i+e$ %ith INDIA IN

K the "ea&t ce i& &een )icro&co*ica" &'rroa %i$e 'n&taine$ ca*&'e

c't're K CSF &*eci)en &eroo!ic te&t K in infecte$ &*ina ?'i$( CAPSULA

occ'r& in hi!h titer

TREATMENT AND PREVENTION



TREATMENT AND PREVENTION2

co)bination of a)*hotericin B ?'c"to&in ?'cona1oe K '&e$ in AIDS *atient& for on! ter

&'**re&&ion no )ean& of *re4ention



MUCOR AND R,I6O0US

M



M'cor

Morpho"o$y+ &a*ro*h"tic )o$

that are %i$e" fo'n$.• characteri1e$ b" h"*hae !ro%in!in an$ aro'n$ boo$ 4e&&e&.

• Coonie& are fa&t3!ro%in! an$re&e)be %hite3to3!ra" cottoncan$"( $ar8enin! %ith ti)e.

• No rhi1oi$& are for)e$.

Disease+ M'cor)"co&i&,1"!o)"co&i&(*h"co)"co&i&-



*h"co)"co&i&-

Ca'sati#e a$ent2 Rhizopus &*ecie& )o&tco))on ca'&ati4e a!ent.

0atho$enesis an( c"inica"7 (i



7n(in$s

• In4a$e ti&&'e& ofi))'noco)*ro)i&e$ ho&t

• Prooiferate in the %a& of boo$

4e&&e& e&*ecia" of the *rena&a&in'&e&( 'n!( or !'t an$ re&'t inti&&'e necro&i&

La&oratory (ia$nosis

S i &i i



Speci%en &iopsy- or!ani&) are&een )icro&co*ica" a&

non&e*arate h"*hae %ith broa$(irre!'ar %a& an$ branche& thatfor) )ore or e&& at ri!ht an!e&

C'"t're- sho8s co"onies 8ispore containe( 8ithin an



spore containe( 8ithin anspora$i'%

Treat%ent an( pre#ention



Treat%ent an( pre#ention

•

If the $ia!no&i& i& )a$e ear"( treat)ent of the$i&or$er( *'& a$)ini&tration of a)*hotericin Ban$ &'r!ica re)o4a of necrotic infecte$ ti&&'eha& re&'te$ in &o)e e)i&&ion c'r4e&.

• a4oi$ the '&e of conta)inate$ )e$ica ban$a!ean$ other e0'i*)ent to *re4ent c'taneo'&$i&ea&e5 fre0'ent" chec8 the %o'n$,&- it )a"ca'&e c'taneo'& )'cor)"co&i&.

Rhi9op's - tr'e f'n!i %ith %e3

$e4eo*e$ )"cei') %ith chitin in



$e4eo*e$ )"cei') %ith chitin intheir ce %a&.

Disease : "!o)"co&i&

Ca'sati#e a$ent- Rhi1o*'& arrhi1'

Morpho"o$y • Non &e*tate or &carce" &e*tate

broa$ h"*hae %ith $ia)eter ran!in! fro) >



broa$ h"*hae %ith $ia)eter ran!in! fro) >)( rhi1oi$&( &*oran!io*hore&( &*oran!ia( an$&*oran!io&*ore& are *re&ent5

Morpho"o$y



• Rhi1oi$& are fo'n$ at the *oint%here the &toon& an$

&*oran!io*hore& )eet

0atho$enesis an( c"inica"7n(in$s



7n(in$s

•In4a$e ti&&'e& ofi))'noco)*ro)i&e$ ho&t

• Prooiferate in the %a& of boo$4e&&e& e&*ecia" of the *rena&a&in'&e&( 'n!( or !'t an$ re&'t inti&&'e necro&i&

Treat%ent an(ti



pre#ention

• If the $ia!no&i& i& )a$e ear"( treat)ent of the$i&or$er( *'& a$)ini&tration of a)*hotericin Ban$ &'r!ica re)o4a of necrotic infecte$ ti&&'eha& re&'te$ in &o)e e)i&&ion c'r4e&.

• a4oi$ the '&e of conta)inate$ )e$ica ban$a!ean$ other e0'i*)ent to *re4ent c'taneo'&$i&ea&e5 fre0'ent" chec8 the %o'n$,&- it )a"ca'&e c'taneo'& )'cor)"co&i&.



Rhi9op's+



• Atho'!h thi& !enera can ca'&e $i&ea&e( the" are a&oco))on" fo'n$ a& a conta)inant.

• Coonie& !ro% ra*i$" an$ re&e)be cotton can$". Coonie

$ar8en %ith a!e( beco)in! !ra" or "eo%3bro%n. There4er&e i& %hite.

• M"ceia are )ar8e$ b" n')ero'& &toon& connectin! !ro'

of on! &*oran!io*hore&.

• S*oran!io*hore& are '&'a" 'nbranche$( on!( an$

ter)inate in a co')ea an$ a $ar8 ro'n$ &*oran!i')

containin! o4a coore&& to bro%n &*ore&.• Stoon& bear ar!e rhi1oi$& %hich are fo'n$ i))e$iate"

a$=acent to the &*oran!io*hore in the no$a *o&ition.

• Co')ea an$ &*oran!i') coa*&e ea&i" after $i&char!in

&*ore&.

myco viro.pptx

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