TRAINING REPORTON

DAMODAR VALLEY CORPORATION

MAITHON

Dr.

B.C.

ROY

ENG

INEE

RIN

G C

OLL

EGE

SUBMITTED BY:

• SUBHOJEET SINHA

• U.ROLL-12001613110• CLG-ROLL-1307069

MAITHON DAMKEY OBJECTIVES

FLOOD CONTOL

GENERATION OF

ELECTRIC POWER

IRRIGATION

NAVIGATION &

DRAINAG

E

WATER SUPPLY

TO INDUSTRIES AND DOMESTI

CS

Maithon Hydel

• MAITHON HYDEL POWER STATION (MHPS) IS LOCATED ON THE RIVER BARAKAR.

• FIRST UNDERGROUND POWER STATION. • GENERATING CAPACITY OF 60 MW. • MHPS -1000 FEET BELOW THE WATER LEVEL.TRAINING AT

PUBLIC RELATION OFFICE

CENTRAL LOAD DISPATCH

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION

TRANSMISSION

PUBLIC RELATION OFFICEDVC (Damodar Valley Corporation)a legacy to the people of India, emerged as a culmination of attempts made over a whole century to control the wild and erratic Damodar river. The river spans over an area of 24,235  km2 covering the states of Jharkhand (Dhanbad, Bokaro, Hazaribagh, Koderma, Giridih, Chhatra, Palamau, Rachi, Lohardaga and Doomka) & West Bengal (Burdwan , Hooghly, Howrah, Bankura and Purulia).

OBJECTIVES/PURPOSE : FLOOD CONTROL.

IRRIGATION. WATER SUPPLY- INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC. NAVIGATION & DRAINAGE. GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF

ELECTRICAL ENERGY. AFFORESTATION AND CONTROL OF SOIL EROSION. PROMOTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH, AGRICULTURE,

INDUSTRIAL, ECONOMIC AND GENERAL WELL BEING IN THE VALLEY.

LANDMARKS ACHIEVED :  DVC- FIRST MULTIPURPOSE RIVER VALLEY PROJECT BY THE GOVT. OF INDIA.

DVC- ORGANIZATION GENERATING POWER THROUGH THREE SOURCES- COAL, WATER AND LIQUID FUEL.

FIRST UNDERGROUND HYDEL STATION- MAITHON.

BTPS- NATION’S BIGGEST THERMAL POWER PLANT IN THE 50’S OF THE LAST CENTURY

BTPS BOILERS- FIRST TO BURN UNTAPPED LOW-GRADE COAL IN PULVERIZED FUEL FURNACES.

CTPS- THE FIRST RE-HEAT UNITS IN INDIA, UTILIZING HIGH STEAM PARAMETER.

MTPS- FIRST OF ITS KIND IN EASTERN INDIA WITH TUBE MILLS IN SERVICE FOR ZERO REJECT. DIRECT IGNITION OF PULVERIZED COAL (DIPC) SYSTEM FOR REDUCING OIL CONSUMPTION IN THE BOILER.

-: DVC Infrastructure At A Glance :-

DVC COMMAND AREA 24,235 SQ. KMS

POWER MANAGEMENTTOTAL INSTALLED

CAPACITY 2796.5 MW

THERMAL POWER STATIONS

FIVE CAPACITY 2570 MW

HYDEL POWER STATIONS THREE CAPACITY 144 MW

GAS TURBINE STATION ONE CAPACITY 82.5 MW

SUB-STATIONS AND RECEIVING STATIONS

AT 220 KV– 11 NOS.AT 132 KV– 33 NOS.AT 33 KV– 16 NOS.

TRANSMISSION LINES

220 KV– 1500 CKT KMS 

132 KV– 3415 CKT KMS

33 KV– 1070 CKT KMS

NAME LOCATION EXISTING CAPACITY

HYDELTILAIYA RIVER - BARAKAR

DIST .- HAZARIBAGHSTATE – JHARKHAND

4 MW (2 X 2 MW)

MAITHON RIVER - BARAKARDIST .- BURDHAMANSTATE - WEST BENGAL

63.2 MW(2 X 20 MW)

+(1 X 23.2 MW)

PANCHET RIVER - DAMODARDIST .- DHANBADSTATE – JHANKHAND

80 MW(2 X 40 MW)

TOTAL HYDEL 147.2 MW

GRAND TOTAL (THERMAL + HYDEL) 5857.2 MW

MAITHON HYDEL POWER STATIONMaithon Hydal Power Station is located on the river Barakar 12.9 km above its confluence with the Damodar near the border of Dhanbad and Burdwan districts of the state of Jharkhand and West Bengal respectively. The unique feature of this hydal power station is that it is located underground in the left bank of the river and is the first of its kind in India. The Power station has a total generating capacity of 60 MW with 3 units of 20 MW each.

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF HYDEL POWER STATION

CENTRAL LOAD DISPATCHThe Load Dispatch Department is the nerve centre for the

operation, planning, monitoring and control of the power system. Electricity cannot be stored and has to be produced when it is needed. It is therefore essential that power system is planned and operated optimally & economically. This is the main objective of Load Dispatch Centre.

A Typical CLD Control Room

 

The objective of Load Dispatch Department

1. Matching the power demand with system integrity, reliability and security of generation and transmission facilities.

2. Regulating the system frequency.

3. Optimum utilization of resources.

4.Quick restoration of normalcy after system disturbances.

Responsibilities of State Load Despatch Centre :. Demand Estimation for operational purpose.

. Scheduling for Merit Order dispatch.

. Regulating Generation Load Balance.

. Schedule for Central Sector Drawl & Regulate it.

. Monitor bilateral power supply agreement.

. Maintain system frequency in 49.0 Hz to 50.5 Hz range.

. Outage planning and monitoring.

. Reactive power management and voltage control.

. Load Shedding Implementation.

. Coordination with RLDC and other constituents.

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM CONSTRUCTIONPROCEDURE OF TSC

PRELIMINARY WORKS•Selection of Route• Reconnaissance Survey• Preliminary Survey• Approvals & Clearances for the Line Route

CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES• Detailed Survey & Plotting of Profile• Tower Spotting & Tower Schedule• Check Survey & Location Marking• Stub Setting• Erection of Towers & Fixing of Accessories• Stringing of Conductors & Earth Wire• Earthing• Protection of Tower Footings• Clear of Right of Way• Final Checking• Testing & Commissioning

TRANSMISSION ROUTE

THE ROUTE OF A TRANSMISSION LINE IS DECIDED FROM THE FOLLOWING MAIN CONSIDERATIONS:SHORTEST LENGTH, HENCE LEAST CAPITAL COST.ROUTE NEAR ROADS FOR EASY APPROACH & ACCESSIBILITY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE.

REQUIREMENT OF FUTURE LOADS NEAR THE PROPOSED ROUTE SO THAT THE LINE CAN EASILY BE CONNECTED TO THE LOADS AND OPTIMAL USE OF LINE.

REQUIRED SEPARATION DISTANCE FROM PARALLEL COMMUNICATION LINES (P&T, RAILWAYS, ETC.) FOR MEETING THE CONDITIONS OF INDUCED VOLTAGE FOR OBTAINING PTCC APPROVAL.

AVOIDING OF FOREST AREAS AS WELL AS WILD LIFE SANCTUARIES AS FAR AS POSSIBLE.

COST OF SECURING AND CLEARING RIGHT OF WAY (ROW). MAINTAINING STATUTORY DISTANCES FROM AIRPORTS / HELIPADS

LATTICE TYPE TOWERA2, S15, B30, C60, D90 – 132&220KV LINEA2, B15, C30, D60 – 400KV LINEWIDE BASE TOWERNARROW BASE TOWERMULTI CIRCUIT TOWERSPECIAL CROSSING TOWER

TOWER USED FOR TRANSMISSION LINE

FOLLOW THE STEPS TO ERECT THE TOWER Erection of Tower body - first storyErection of Tower body - second story upwards Erection of cross armsConclusion: Pulley and guy ropes are the minimum accessories to erect a tower.

STRINGING OF CONDUCTORS AND EARTHWIREHOSTING OF INSULATOR STRING  

• Single / Double suspension insulator strings are used on suspension towers and single / double tension insulator strings are used on angle and dead end towers. This is indicated in the tower schedule.

• Before hoisting, all insulators are cleaned in a manner that will not spoil, injure or scratch the surface of the insulator, but in no case shall any oil be used for the purpose.

• Disc insulators shall be examined for any cracks / chipping, etc. Disc insulators having any hair cracks or chipping or defective glazing or any other defect shall not be used .

ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSIONELECTRIC-POWER TRANSMISSION IS THE BULK TRANSFER

OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY, FROM GENERATING POWER PLANTS TO ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION LOCATED NEAR DEMAND CENTERS.

WHAT IS AN ELECTRIC SUBSTATION?A SUBSTATION IS A PART OF AN ELECTRICAL GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. SUBSTATIONS TRANSFORM VOLTAGE FROM HIGH TO LOW, OR THE REVERSE, USING STEP-UP OR STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMERS.

ELEMENTS OF A SUBSTATION A:PRIMARY POWER LINES' SIDE B:SECONDARY POWER LINES' SIDE 1.PRIMARY POWER LINES 2.GROUND WIRE 3.OVERHEAD LINES 4.TRANSFORMER FOR MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRIC VOLTAGE 5.DISCONNECT SWITCH 6.CIRCUIT BREAKER 7.CURRENT TRANSFORMER 8.LIGHTNING ARRESTER 9.MAIN TRANSFORMER 10.CONTROL BUILDING 11.SECURITY FENCE 12.SECONDARY POWER LINES

33KV SYSTEMNAME OF THE CONSUMERS:

1) IMPEX STEEL (PVT) LTD.(CD-7.0MVA)2) HIRA CONCUST STEEL PVT LTD (CD-7.0MVA)3) CITY ALLOYS PVT. LTD. (CD-3.0MVA)4) BMA STAINLESS LIMITED (CD-12.0MVA)5) JAGDAMBA ISPAT PVT LIMITED (CD-3.0MVA)6) MAA LILORI ISPAT LTD. (CD- 3.0MVA)7) CHHABRA ISPAT PVT. LTD.(CD – 8MVA)

SUBSTATION

SWITCHYARD CONTROL BUILDING

SUBSTATION PARTS AND EQUIPMENT

OUTDOOR SWITCHYARD INCOMING & OUTGOING LINES BUSBARS POWER TRANSFORMERS AND MEASUREMENT TRANSFORMERS INSULATORS CIRCUIT-BEAKERS & ISOLATORS LIGHTNING ARRESTORS GALVANISED STEEL STRUCTURES FOR TOWERS & EQUIPMENT

SUPPORTS. ROADS, RAILWAY TRACK, CABLE TRENCHES PLCC EQUIPMENT INCLUDING LINE TRAP, TUNING UNIT, COUPLING

CAPACITOR, ETC. STATION EARTHING SYSTEM COMPRISING GROUND MAT, RISERS,

AUXILIARY MAT, EARTHING STRIPS, EARTHING SPIKES & EARTH ELECTRODES.

CONTROL CABLES FOR PROTECTION AND CONTROL

FUNCTIONS OF CONTROL ROOM1. ALARM FUNCTIONS2. CONTROL AND INDICATION3. DATA COLLECTION, RECORDING, DISPLAY

IN EVERY SUB-STATION CERTAIN SUPERVISION, CONTROL AND PROTECTION FUNCTIONS ARE NECESSARY. SO A CONTROL BUILDING/CONTROL ROOM IS REQUIRED. THE RELAY AND PROTECTION PANELS AND CONTROL PANELS ARE INSTALLED IN THE CONTROL ROOM.

CONTROL IN SUB-STATION ARE OF TWO CATEGORIES.

1. NORMAL ROUTINE OPERATION BY OPERATORS COMMAND.2. AUTOMATIC OPERATION BY ACTION OF PROTECTIVE RELAYS AND CONTROL SYSTEM

CONTROL BUILDING

Instrument transformer

Current transformer

Potential transformer

CURRENT TRANSFORMER (CT):Current transformers are commonly used in metering and protective relays in the electrical power industry. When current in a circuit is too high to directly apply to measuring instruments, a current transformer produces a reduced current accurately proportional to the current in the circuit, which can be conveniently connected to measuring and recording instruments. A current transformer also isolates the measuring instruments from what may be very high voltage in the monitored circuit.

  

POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER (PT):A potential transformer (PT) is used to transform the high voltage of a power line to a lower value, which is in the range of an ac voltmeter or the potential coil of an ac voltmeter. It is a step down X-mer which step down (minimizing) the voltage to fed the controlling system of the unit for safe value. It is used for protection of the unit and metering also.  

Circuit Breakers:

MAIN FUNCTION OF CIRCUIT BREAKER IS TO SWITCH OFF AND SWITCH ON THE NORMAL CURRENT AND TOP TRIP THE CIRCUIT AT THE OCCURANCE OF ANY FAULT.

CIRCUIT BREAKERS USED IN THIS SUBSTATION:

MINIMUM OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER

Isolators: ISOLATORS GIVE PHYSICAL SEPARATION BETWEEN LIVE PART AND DEAD PART. PHYSICAL SEPARATION CAN BE SEEN BY NAKED EYE FROM A DISTANCE.

Surge/Ligthning Arrestors (LA):SINGLE POLE UNITS CONNECTED BETWEEN BUSBAR AND GROUND. HIGH VOLTAGE SURGES CAUSED BY LIGHTNING OR SWITCHING ARE DISCHARGED EFFECTIVELY TO EARTH.

Bus bars: BUSBARS ARE CONDUCTORS OF ADEQUATE CROSS-SECTION, SUPPORTED ON INSULATORS

PROTECTION & CONTROL:

Objectives of Protection: 

I) TO DISCONNECT THE FAULTY CIRCUIT WITH MINIMUM DAMAGE DUE TO FAULT.II) TO LEAVE THE REST OF THE POWER SYSTEM IN A HEALTHY STATE.III) COST OF REPAIR OF DAMAGE TO BE KEPT MINIMUM.IV) TO RESTRICT POSSIBILITY OF SPREADING AND INVOLVING OTHER EQUIPMENT.V) TO REDUCE TIME THE EQUIPMENT OUT OF SERVICE.VI) TO MINIMIZE COST OF REVENUE LOSS.

Characteristic of Protection: 

I) VERY FASTII) SELECTIVEIII) SENSITIVEIII) STABLE UNDER EXTERNAL FAULT

REFERENCES

• article.wn.com (Generation)• nirmancare.com (Hydro Power Plant)• old.optcl.co.in (Power Grid)• kalkitech.com (block of CLD)• Company Manual (HR Department)• Sub Station Manual