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A Seminar Presentation on

Power Quality Innovation in Harmonic Filtering

By

Mr.M.HAMID BAIG10BC1A0218

Under The Esteemed Guidance of

Mrs..UMA MAHESWARI

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

KANDULA OBUL REDDY MEMORIAL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE

KADAPA ,516002

1


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FmnmnObjective

Introduction

Importance of maintaining Power Quality

Power Quality problems

Harmonics

Cause of Harmonics

Effects of Harmonics

Reduction of Harmonics

Conclusion

References

Organization of Presentation

1 unit saved = 1.4 units produced


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OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this seminar on power quality innovation in harmonic filtering is

to decrease the harmonics by using filters thereby increasing the power quality

to increase the utilization of energy.


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Equipment has become less tolerant of voltage quality disturbances.

Production processes has become less tolerant of incorrect operation

of equipment.

Companies have become less tolerant of production stoppages.

Equipment produces more current disturbances than it used to do

due to the use of simple power electronic converters.

Introduction

Reasons for Enormous Increase in the Interest in Power Quality

Power Quality Concerns 1 unit saved = 1.4 units produced

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The concept of powering and groundingelectronic equipment in a manner that is suitable to the

operation of that equipment and compatible with thepremise wiring system and other connected equipment.

-IEEE Std.1100-1999

POWER QUALITY-DEFINITION


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economic necessity.

to avoid disturbances.

The Deregulation of the Electricity market.

Importance of Power Quality


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Effects of Poor Power Quality


Damaging of computer hardware and memory.

Motors fail to start due to low voltages.

Setting and resetting of electronic equipments will be out of

control.

Industrial and domestic loads will get damaged.

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Power Quality Disturbances

Voltage Sag or Dip:

A decrease in voltage to between 10% and 90% of nominal

voltage for one-half cycle to one minute.


Voltage Variations:

Variations in the RMS value or the peak value with amplitude

of less than 10% of the nominal voltage

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It is increase in voltage above 110% of nominal for more

than one minute.


Over Voltage:

Reasons of cause : Load Rejection

Effects : Overheat of electronic equipments

Possible Solutions : Power conditioner


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Under voltage:

Under voltage is a decrease in voltage below 90% of its

nominal value for more than one minute.

Voltage Swell:

A Swell is the opposite of a sag. It is an increase in voltage

above 110% of nominal voltage for one-half cycle to one

minute.

Flicker :

It is a low-frequency phenomenon in which the magnitude of

voltage or frequency will vary , that is perceptible to human

eye.


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Harmonics

What Are Harmonics?

Harmonics are currents or voltages with

frequencies that are integral multiples

of the fundamental power

frequencies.


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Fundamental frequency is 50 Hertz.

Third Harmonic is 3x50 Hz.

Fifth Harmonic is 5x50 Hz, etc.,

Order of Harmonics


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What causes Harmonics?

Non-Linear Loads

Current is notproportional to the applied voltage

Some of the Non-linear loads are:

Static rectifiers

Static Power converters

Static inverters

Static Uninterrupted Power supplies


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How are Harmonics Produced ?

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Effects of Harmonics

Distorted voltage

Over heated Transformers and Motors

Heating of neutral conductors

Low voltage at load ends

High neutral-to-ground voltages at end loads

Communication problems

Current measurement problems( Distorted waveform)


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Reduction of Harmonics

Harmonic Filtration:

Harmonics in AC & DC waveforms are minimized by

following means:

1.Use of DC smoothing reactor.

2.Use of DC harmonic filters.

3.Use of AC harmonic filters.


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DC Smoothing Reactor

Oil insulated reactor having high inductance(0.35H to 1 H)

It is connected in series on the DC side of the converter.

It smoothen the ripple in the DC current.


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AC Filters

AC shunt filters serve dual purpose on AC side:

1.They divert harmonics to earth and reduce the harmonic contents

in main AC network.

2.They provide shunt compensation.


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TUNED AC SHUNT FILTERS

Tuned AC shunt filters are classified into two types:

a)A Single frequency tuned Shunt filters

b)A Double frequency tuned shunt filters


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a)A Single frequency tuned shunt filters


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DC Harmonic Filters1 unit saved = 1.4 units produced

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Harmonic currents and voltage distortion are becoming themost severe and complex electrical challengefor the electricalindustry.

By defining and implementing these solutions users will beprovided with the right quality of power supply for theirrequirements.

By designing and giving complete solutions in the form of filtersand other protection systems for the industrial installation,trouble free operation can be ensured.

Conclusion

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ANSI STD C84.11995, Electric Power System and Equipment-VoltageRating (60 Hz).

IEEE STD 493 -1997, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Design of Reliable

Industrial and Commercial power systems.

IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and commercial

Power Systems.

Journal of international council on electrical engineering vol 1,no 1.pp 13-

Single tuned passive harmonic filter design considering variances of tuning

and quality factor

References

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BY

Hamid baig(Dept.of EEE)

Kandula obul reddy memorialENGINEERING COLLEGE

2/21/2014

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