my reading on octg-api5ct

Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang

My Reading on OCTG- API5CTThe Key Points13th May 2016


API5CT

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong


Land Drilling


Offshore Drilling

Fion Zhang at Xitang1st April 2016



SME- Subject Matter Expert我们的大学,其实应该聘请这些能干的退休教授. 或许在职的砖头怕被排斥.http://cn.bing.com/videos/search?q=Walter+Lewin&FORM=HDRSC3https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiEHVhv0SBMpP75JbzJShqw

http://www.yumpu.com/zh/browse/user/charliechonghttp://issuu.com/charlieccchong


http://greekhouseoffonts.com/Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang


The Magical Book of Tank Inspection ICP


闭门练功


API5CT


Specification for Casing and TubingAPI SPECIFICATION 5CTNINTH EDITION, JULY 2011EFFECTIVE DATE: JANUARY 1, 2012

International standards for tubingThe American Petroleum Institute (API) has numerous manufacturing requirements for tubing. Many API standards have also been adopted by the International Standards Organization (ISO). This article discusses these standards and considerations when selecting tubing.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong http://petrowiki.org/International_standards_for_tubing

Purchasing tubingThe tubing purchaser and designer should be aware of API requirements and testing procedures (see API Spec. 5CT). All tubing should meet API minimum requirements. In critical wells, the purchaser may want to receive and review the manufacturer’s test results. For tubing used in sour wells (wells with H2S content greater than 0.05 psi partial pressure), the specific sour service requirements should be reviewed.

When placing orders for tubing to be manufactured in accordance with API Spec. 5CT, the purchaser should consult API Spec. 5CT Sec. 4.


At a minimum, the following requirements should be specified on the purchase order:

• The specification (API/ISO) • Quantity • Size designation[• outside diameter (OD), normally in inches] • Weight designation • Grade and type • End finish (type of connection) • Range length • Seamless or electric weld • Delivery date • Shipping instructions

API tubing specifications contain several provisions that are optional for the purchaser and other stipulations that are by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. Some of these added provisions may be critical to a particular application; therefore, familiarity with API/ISO tubing specifications is needed.


Tubing connectors and jointsAPI developed specifications for three different connectors for use as tubing joints:

External-upset tubing and coupling Non-upset tubing and couplings Integral-joint tubing

API Spec. 5CT includes an illustration of API tubing joint connections. All three connections have tapered and round thread forms with either 8 or 10 threads/in., depending on the size. When casing is used as tubing, long-thread coupling/short-thread coupling and buttress-thread coupling connections can be specified.


Figure D.1 .— Short round-thread casing and coupling


Figure D.2 .— Long round-thread casing and coupling


Figure D.3 .— Buttress-thread casing and coupling


Figure D.4 .— Non-upset tubing and coupling


Figure D.5 .— External-upset tubing and coupling


Figure D.6 .— Rounded nose for external-upset tubing


Figure D.7 .— Integral-joint tubing


The API external-upset-end (EUE) tubing connection is widely used because it is a good, serviceable connection in most wells. The EUE joint has a designed joint strength in tension and pressure strength greater than that of the pipe body and, therefore, is considered a 100% joint efficient connection. For proper lubrication and sealing, the joint requires a good thread compound as outlined in API RP 5A3. To improve the seal performance of API EUE tubing in high-pressure service, a grooved coupling, which accepts nonmetallic seal rings, is sometimes used in the coupling (see API Spec. 5CTSR 13). To provide more clearance, API special clearance EUE couplings are available. API EUE joints come in OD sizes of 1.050 to 4.500 in.


API non-upset (NUE) tubing is used much less than EUE tubing. The cost of NUE is only slightly less than EUE, and the joint strength is substantially less. The coupling joint diameter of NUE is less than EUE, which offers some advantages when clearance is small. API NUE joints are available in sizes of 1.050 to 4.500 in.


API integral-joint tubing is available in OD sizes of 1.315 to 2.063 in. API integral-joint tubing has a 10-round form with a joint strength that is less than the body minimum yield, which restricts its use. The small OD of integral-joint tubing permits its use inside larger tubing strings or in wells as unloading or vent strings. The couplings should meet all the minimum requirements outlined in API Spec. 5CT. API Spec. 5B3 and API RP 5B14 cover threading, gauging, and thread inspection.


Several proprietary (non-API) connections are available. These joints are useful when greater leak resistance or more clearance is needed than that provided by the standard API joints. These specialty joints obtain their improved properties through the following:


These specialty joints obtain their improved properties through the following: ■ Unique thread profiles ■ A torque shoulder ■ Metal-to-metal seals ■ Seal rings ■ Internal upsets ■ External upsets ■ Integral joints ■ etc.

Tubing reference tables, which summarize the available non-API tubing joints and tubing, are published yearly in trade magazines such as World Oil. Many operators commonly use these proprietary connections in critical wells. Before ordering or using a specific proprietary tubing connection in a critical well, the suitability of such a connection for a particular application must be assessed by either a review of service history or a comprehensive connection test program such as ISO 13679. See API RP 5C7 for guidelines on use of Coiled Tubing.


Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong http://www.worldoil.com/magazine/current-issue

Process of manufactureTubing made to API specifications uses (1) seamless SMLS or (2) electric-weld processes EW.

Seamless pipe is defined as a wrought steel tubular product made without a welded seam. It is manufactured by hot-working steel or, if necessary, by subsequently cold-finishing the hot-worked product to produce the desired shape, dimensions, and properties. Because of the nature of the manufacturing, the cross section of the tubing wall area may be slightly eccentric and the tubing slightly oval and not perfectly straight. Electric-welded pipe has one longitudinal seam formed by electric-resistance or electric-induction welding without the addition of filler metal. The edges to be welded are pressed together mechanically, and the heat for welding is generated by the resistance to flow of electric current. The weld seam of electric welded pipe is heat-treated after welding to a minimum temperature of 1,000°F (540°C) or processed so that no un-tempered martensite remains. See API Spec. 5CT for exceptions


Both seamless and electric-weld processes are acceptable for most oil and gas services, but some prefer seamless tubular for sour service because the electric-weld process may result in a slightly different grain structure near the weld. Such differences are usually eliminated if the electric-weld tubing is heat-treated by the quenched-and-tempered process (480°C), which is mandatory for API grades L80, C90, T95, and P110. Couplings usually are made of seamless tubular product of the same grade and type as the pipe.


API gradesAPI standardized several grades of steel that have different chemical content, manufacture processes, and heat treatments and, therefore, different mechanical properties.

API organized these tubing grades into three groups. ■ Group 1 is for all tubing in grades H40, J55, and N80.

■ Group 2 is for restricted-yield tubing grades L80, C90, and T95.

■ Group 3 is for high-strength tubing in seamless grade P110.

■ Group 4: All casing in Grade Q.

The API grade letter designation was selected arbitrarily to provide a unique name for various steels. Numbers in the grade designation indicate the minimum yield strength of the steel in thousand psi (Ksi) . API defines the yield strength as the tensile stress required to produce a specific total elongation per unit length on a standard test specimen. (Rt0.5)


http://www.ndt.net/article/ENDTdays2007/nde_for_safety/appendix2.pdf

API tubing grade guidelinesThe following guidelines apply to the use of API tubing grades.

Group 1

■ H40—Although an API grade, H40 is generally not used in tubing sizesbecause the yield strength is relatively low and the cost saving over J55 is minimal. Suppliers do not commonly stock this grade.

■ J55—A commonly used grade for most wells when it meets the design criteria. Some operators recommend it be full-length normalized or normalized and tempered after upsetting when used in carbon dioxide or sour service (ring-worm corrosion problems); however, such heat treatments increase costs. J55 has been the "standard" grade for tubing in most relatively shallow (< 9,000 ft) and low-pressure (< 4,000 psi) wells on land.

■ C75—No longer an official API grade and generally not available. It was developed as a higher-strength material for sour service but was replaced by L80 tubing.


■ N80—A relatively old grade with essentially open chemical requirements. It is susceptible to H2S-induced SSC (acronym). It is acceptable for sweet oil and gas wells when it meets design conditions. The quenched-and-tempered heat treatment is preferred. The N80 grade is normally less expensive than L80 grades.


Group 2

■ L80—A restricted yield-tubing grade that is available in:♦ Type 1, ♦ 9 Cr, or ♦ 13 Cr.

Type 1 is less expensive than 9 Cr and 13 Cr but more subject to weight-loss corrosion. L80 Type 1 is used commonly in many oil and gas fields because of higher strength than J55.

L80 is satisfactory for SSC resistance in all conditions but may incur weight-loss corrosion. Though popular in the past for CO2 and mild H2Scontaminated wells, Type 9 Cr largely has been replaced by Type 13 Cr. L80 13 Cr tubing has gained popularity because it has good CO2 -induced weight-loss corrosion resistance properties; however, it is more costly. Type 13 Cr may not be suitable in sour service environments. Typically, the H2S partial pressure should be less than 1.5 psi for safe use of L80 Type 13 Cr. The user should consult National Assn. of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) MR-01-75.


■ C90—A relatively new API grade with two different chemical requirements: ♦ Type 1 and ♦ Type 2.

Only Type 1 is recommended for use in sour service. Typically, this grade must be special ordered; its use has been generally supplanted by T95.

■ T95—A high-strength tubular grade that has different chemical requirements: ♦ Type 1 and ♦ Type 2.

Only Type 1 is recommended for sour service. T95 is SSC resistant but not weight-loss resistant.


Group 3

■ P110—The old P105 tubing grade, which allowed a normalized and tempered heat treatment, was discontinued, and the casing P110 grade, which is restricted to quench-and-tempered heat treatment, was adopted. This high-strength tubing typically is used in deep sweet oil and gas wells with high pressures.

This grade is sensitive to SSC failures unless the temperatures are relatively high (> 175°F). The P110 grade is slightly more expensive than L80 Type 1 but usually less expensive than the C90 and T95 API restricted-yield grades.

■ Q125—Although not a specific API tubing grade, users can order Q125 API tubing. Type 1 chemistry is preferred.


Table C.4 .— Chemical composition, mass fraction (%)


a The carbon content for L80 may be increased up to 0,50 % maximum if the product is oil-quenched.b The molybdenum content for Grade C90 Type 1 has no minimum tolerance if the wall thickness is less than 17,78 mm.c The carbon content for R95 may be increased up to 0,55 % maximum if the product is oil-quenched.d The molybdenum content for T95 Type 1 may be decreased to 0,15 % minimum if the wall thickness is less than 17,78 mm.e For EW Grade P110, the phosphorus content shall be 0,020 % maximum and the sulfur content 0,010 % maximum.NL = no limit. Elements shown shall be reported in product analysis.


Table C.4 .— Chemical composition, mass fraction (%)

API markingsAPI products (tubing, pup joints, and couplings) should be stenciled or a combination of stamping and stenciling as per API Spec. 5CT. The sequence of stencil marking is as follows:

■ Manufacturer’s name ■ Monogram marking ■ End finish ■ Size designation ■ Weight designation ■ Grade and type ■ Impact test temperature ■ Heat treatment ■ Manufacture process ■ Supplementary requirements ■ Hydrostatic test pressure ■ Type of thread ■ Size of drift ■ Plating of coupling■ Serialization of Grades C-90 and T-95

Impact test temperature, heat treatment, supplementary requirements, type of thread, and plating of coupling are included if applicable. API Spec. 5CT[1]includes information on color-coding used.


Tubing range (length) and size tolerancesAPI acknowledges two tubing length ranges:

■ Range 1 from 20 to 24 ft and ■ Range 2 from 28 to 32 ft.

Range 2 is normally used. Shorter tubing joints (pup joints) are available in 2-, 3-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 10-, and 12-ft lengths with a tolerance of ± 3 in. A complete set of tubing pups with the same connections as the tubing string typically is purchased for each well.


API test pressuresAPI requires that plain-end pipe be tested only to 3,000 psi maximum, except by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

Various tubing grades and sizes can be tested hydrostatically to higher values as listed in API Spec. 5CT. The API hydrostatic test pressures specified are inspection test pressures. They do not necessarily have any direct relationship to working pressures but should be considered when establishing design factors. Care should be taken if test pressures are to be exceeded in well operations. The following equation is used to determine the maximum hydrostatic test pressure.


where ph = the 80% hydrostatic test pressure (rounded to the nearest 100psi); σy = yield strength for pipe body, psi; t = wall thickness, in.; and do = tubing OD, in.

A maximum test pressure during manufacturing of 10,000 psi is imposed because of test equipment limitations. Manufacturers also can conduct hydrostatic tests at a fiber stress not exceeding 80% of the specified minimum yield strength .

The hydrostatic test pressures are calculated from Eq. 1, except when a lower pressure is required to avoid leakage because of insufficient coupling strength or interface pressure between pipe and coupling threads. The lower pressures are based on formulas given in API Bull. 5C3. The production hydrostatic test pressure for threaded pipe are standard pressures listed in the API tables or a higher test pressure as agreed on by the purchaser and the entity performing the threading.


Nomenclature


Tubing inspection and handlingInspection of tubing when received and following use are important to ensure that defects or wear do not prevent the tubing from performing as designed. Proper handling, both in transit and on site, are critical to avoiding damage to the tubing. This article provides an overview of inspection and handling considerations for tubing.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong http://petrowiki.org/Tubing_inspection_and_handling

InspectionAPI tubing is inspected at the mill in accordance with API Spec. 5CT. Physical properties are checked and each length hydrostatically tested, normally to only 3,000 psi in the plain end (unthreaded) condition. The following are also checked: ■ Dimensions ■ Weights ■ Straightness ■ Lengths■ Part of this inspection is to drift all lengths.

Despite all the American Petroleum Institute (API) specifications and testing, some tubing defects are still found after delivery; thus, some operators do further inspection of new tubing on critical wells. Used tubing frequently requires inspection. See API RP 5C1.


Inspection methodsThere are several types of tubing inspection methods that may be beneficial. The common methods of inspecting the tubing currently in use in field operation are: ■ Visual ■ Calipers ■ Hydrostatic ■ Electromagnetic ■ Magnetic particle ■ Ultrasonic


Typical defects are：outside and inside pits and longitudinal cuts, transverse laps, and mechanical wear and erosion.

API recommends that wall thickness measurements be made with pipe wall micrometers, sonic pulse-echo instruments, or gamma ray devices so that the operator can demonstrate the wall thickness within a 2% accuracy. In addition to the body, the tubing upset and threads often require inspection, typically by magnetic powder and use of thread gauges. The following guidelines are suggested for inspection normally at the well location:


■ Visual.The outside of each tubing joint should be inspected visually for mill defects such as seams, slugs, pits, cuts, gouges, dents, or cracks. Each connection should be checked for defective threads and seals. Wall thickness measurements should be considered on critical wells. Internal inspection of tubing requires the use of an optical device and an experienced operator. The operating crews, a manufacturer’s representative, the user’s personnel, or a service contractor typically does such visual inspections.

■ Calipers.Tubing calipers, both multifingered feeler and electronic types, normally are run while the tubing is installed in the well. Where significant wall loss is observed, the tubing can be pulled and the damaged joints replaced.


■ Hydrostatic. A commonly used inspection method is to test hydrostatically the tubing body and joint internally with water. Test pressures are usually based on 80% of internal yield. Hydrostatic tests of the body are performed on the pipe rack onlocation and the joints checked while running; however, both can be tested while running. A more stringent test of the joints is obtained by the use of nitrogen with a helium tracer rather than water.


■ Electromagnetic. To find pits, transverse and/or longitudinal defects in the pipe body, electromagnetic search coils, which find magnetic flux leakage, are typically used. This technique works for a uniform body and will typically not find defects in the upset and/or threaded area of the tube. The inspection equipment must be in good working order and an experienced and qualified operator is required. Eddy-Current, another electromagnetic inspection method, is used for grade verification.


■ Magnetic particle. The magnetic particle inspection methods, both wet and dry, induce either a longitudinal or transverse magnetic field in the tubing and magnetic iron particles dusted on the tubing align at defects. This method is normally used to check the outside surface of upset and end area region for cracks. This method requires a qualified operator, excellent operating environmental conditions, and good operating procedures to be reliable.


■ Ultrasonic. Ultrasonic (high frequency sound) is used to find flaws and imperfections in the pipe body wall. The tool is usually stationary and the pipe is rotated and fed mechanically to examine the entire tubing body. The ultrasonic testing equipment must be in good working condition and an experienced and qualified operator is mandatory.

■ Hardness testing. The hardness of tubing is often checked when it is to be used in sour service to ensure the tubing meets API Spec. 5CT or to sort mixed grades of tubing.


Inspecting used tubingUsed tubing should be classified according to loss of nominal wall thickness. API RP 5C1 specifies color-coding to indicate thickness. The color coding should consist of a paint band of the appropriate color approximately 2 in. wide around the body of the pipe approximately 1 ft from the box end. There is no standard method for calculating performance properties of used tubing. Tubing reconditioning should be done only in accordance with APIspecifications.


Proper handling of tubing■ ShipmentTubing can be damaged during shipment, at the wellsite, and during running and pulling. API RP 5C1 Secs. 2 and 3 should be followed closely. For transportation, slightly different procedures are needed to prevent damage depending on whether shipped by water, rail, or truck. Care must be taken in unloading and storage. Thread protectors must be installed properly and rough handling avoided. Tubing should be stacked on racks following proper procedures, and tubing in storage should be inspected periodically and protected from corrosion. In general, the high-strength materials are more susceptible to handling damage.


Running and pulling tubingNumerous factors must be considered when running and pulling tubing. The operating personnel should ensure that good practices are followed.

Each length of tubing should be measured and drifted in compliance with American Petroleum Institute (API)/International Standards Organization (ISO) specifications.

The tubing should be handled with thread protectors, which are not removed, until the tubing is ready to stab. Adequate thread cleaning is essential for proper connection makeup and pressure-tight strings. Apply a good thread compound but avoid excessive amounts. Collar-type tubing elevators are adequate for API non beveled couplings; however, slip-type elevators are recommended when running tubing with beveled couplings, special clearance couplings, and integral joint tubing. Check spider slips to ensure they will not damage the tubing body.


Use of power tongs is necessary to obtain consistent makeup torque. Properly maintained, installed, and calibrated tongs are essential. Follow the API recommended tubing makeup torque for nonupset, external-upset, and integral-joint tubing. Follow the manufacturer ’ s recommendations for specialty joints. However, the makeup torque may vary depending on the thread coatings and lubricant type; thus, adjustments in makeup torque values are sometimes required. Torque values listed in API RP 5C1 apply to tubing with zinc-plated or phosphate-coated couplings. For tin-plated couplings, use 80% of the listed values as a guide for proper makeup. To establish the correct torque for API tubing threads, make up the first few joints to the recommended values and examine the connection. There should be no excessive heat, approximately two turns beyond the hand-tight position with all threads buried. Back out the connection (noting torque) and check threads for galling. If needed, adjust torque and repeat. Use the established makeup torque for the remainder of the string.


To obtain maximum leak resistance with the API-tapered thread, the pin end of the connection is made up to slightly beyond the point of yielding. Consequently, API EUE connections may make up slightly more on repeated operations. The problem of makeup is to use torque that is sufficient to provide the needed seal without permanently damaging the connection. Good experience has been reported with the torque-turn method with API EUE tubing. In the torque-turn method, the power tongs are calibrated to record both the number of turns and the torque to make up the API tubing coupling to the point of yielding. In many of the proprietary connections, there must be ample makeup torque so that the metal-to-metal seals are energized. Check with the manufacturer for makeup guidelines.


Thread compoundAPI-modified thread compound generally has been accepted for a wide range of service conditions over many years. The placement of thread compound at the root of the rounded API threads with the bearing pressure on the thread flanks (the interference fit, power tight makeup) produces the sealing mechanism. The thread compound also provides the lubrication to deter galling. The compound is a mixture of metallic and graphite powders uniformly dispersed in a grease base. API RP 5A3 and ISO 13678 provide the means for evaluating the suitability of thread compounds for use on API round threads in high-pressure service. For specialty connections, consult with the manufacturer on the proper thread compound. Environmentally non-damaging thread compounds meeting API thread-compound performance requirements are available.


Evaluation procedures for connectionsEvaluation procedures for casing and tubing connections tests to be performed to determine the galling tendency, sealing performance, and structural integrity of tubular connections, especially for high-pressure application are under study. See ISO/DIS 13679. Table 1 shows example relationships between test classes and service applications. Other relationships may be more appropriate for individual users. Class IV connections are intended for the most severe application, and Class I connections are intended for the least severe application.


Specification for Casing and TubingAPI SPECIFICATION 5CTNINTH EDITION, JULY 2011EFFECTIVE DATE: JANUARY 1, 2012


Specification Levels (PSL-1, PSL-2, PSL-3).


Petroleum and natural gas industries .— Steel pipes for use as casing or tubing for wells1 Scope


KeyPoints：Specification Levels (PSL-1, PSL-2, PSL-3).

Table E.1 .— ISO/API casing list


This Standard is applicable to the following connections in accordance with API Spec 5B:

■ short round thread casing (SC);■ long round thread casing (LC);■ buttress thread casing (BC);

■ non-upset tubing (NU);■ external upset tubing (EU);■ integral tubing connections (IJ).


Figure D.1 .— Short round-thread casing and coupling


Figure D.2 .— Long round-thread casing and coupling


Figure D.3 .— Buttress-thread casing and coupling


Figure D.4 .— Non-upset tubing and coupling


Figure D.5 .— External-upset tubing and coupling


Figure D.7 .— Integral-joint tubing


The four groups of products to which this International Standard is applicable include the following grades of pipe:

— Group 1: All casing and tubing in Grades H, J, K, N and R; — Group 2: All casing and tubing in Grades C, L, M and T; — Group 3: All casing and tubing in Grade P;

— Group 4: All casing in Grade Q.

2.2 Units of measurement Products manufactured to specifications expressed in either of these unit systems shall be considered equivalent and totally interchangeable. Consequently, compliance with the requirements of this International Standard as expressed in one system provides compliance with requirements expressed in the other system.


MATERIAL SELECTION GUIDELINESCasing & Tubing are basically selected according to PCO2, PH2Sand temperature of the environment


C steel & Low Alloy steel


HFERW


SMLS


Manufacturing Process


■ωσμ∙Ωπ∆º≠δ≤>ηθφФρ|β≠Ɛ∠ ʋ λ α ρτ√ ≠≥ѵФ→γ≤∑≈≡∞≈⅓⅔⅛∝


Manufacturing ProcessSeamless Mill Electric Resistance Weld (ERW) MillSeamless pipes and tubes are produced either by the:

■ mandrel mill or the ■ plug rolling mill process.

The former process is used for producing small-diameter pipes up to 7" and the latter for medium-diameter pipes over 7". On either type of mill, each heated billet is pierced through its center on a piercing mill. The pierced billet then moves on to a mandrel or plug rolling mill where it is rolled with a mandrel bar or plug inserted in it. After withdrawal of the mandrel or the plug, the rolled shell is reheated before being processed on stretch reducing mill or sizing mill where the desired OD and wall thickness are obtained. To ensure consistently high quality, the company conducts through testing andinspection, using advanced equipment including eddy current, ultrasonic,electromagnetic and magna flux devices.


8

Round Billet

Straightening

Straightening

Upsetting

Piercing

Elongator Plug Mill

Reeling

Sizing

Rotary Heating Furnace

Reheating Furnace

NDE(UST,MPI,EMI)

Visual & DimensionalInspection

Inspection, Stenciling,Coating

Drift Testing

Hydrostatic TestingCoupling Making upThreading

Drill Pipe

Plain End Unprocessed Pipes

Casing Tubing

Sizing

Stretch Reducing

Quenching

CasingFabrication

TubingFabrication

Drill PipeFabrication

Heat Treatment

7" Mill (Mandrel Mill)

163/4" Mill (Plug Mill)

C

D

E

F

G

H

C

D

E

F

G

H

A

B

A

B

SEAMLESS MILL

Drill Pipe

Casing

Tubing

Mandrel Mill

9

Straightening

Visual & DimensionalInspection

Hydrostatic Testing

Hot Rolled Coil

Hot Rolled Coil

Side Trimming

Side Trimming

Forming

Cage Forming

Welding

Welding

Inside & OutsideFlash Cutting

Inside & OutsideFlash Cutting

Facing & Chamfering

Post Annealing

Post Annealing

Cooling

Cooling

Sizing

Sizing

Ultrasonic Testing

Cutting off

Cutting off

Pipe End Cutting off

Ultrasonic Inspectionof Coil Edge

Ultrasonic Inspectionof Coil Edge

C

C

D

D

Electric Resistance Weld (ERW) Mill

20-in. Medium-Diameter Pipe

26-in. Medium-Diameter Pipe

Casing Fabrication

Tubing Fabrication

Threading

Inspection,Stenciling,Coating

Drift TestingHydrostatic Testing

Coupling Making up

CasingTubing

Straightening

Plain End Unprocessed Pipe

Casing Fabrication

Heat Treatment

TubingFabrication

Upsetting

NDE(UST,MPI,EMI)

E

E

A

B

A

B

SMLS-USS Pipe Mill


■ http://usstubular.com/manufacturing-facilities/lorain-tubular-operations

Tenaris Seamless Tubes Manufacturing


■ http://www.tenaris.com/en/aboutus/productionprocesses.aspx

Marking Example


Administrator

文本框

Label 1 / Label 2

pg. 95 / Vallourec USA Corporation / Marking

MarkingJu

ly 2

014

Heat TraceabilityVallourec's SLN (Schedule Line Number) is assigned at the time of rolling to provide heat identification and traceability throughout the entire process.

Casing Thread-Type Identification SymbolsShort Round Thread SCLong Round Thread LCButtress Thread BC* Special clearance couplings shall also have a black band.* * Seal-ring couplings shall also have a blue band.

Example 1: 9-5/8” 53.50# Q125 DWC/C

Vallourec Star 5CT-XXXX 9-5/8 53.50 Q1 XXF S S2L2 PXXXXX DWC/C DA 8.500 JtXXX W/O XXXXXX SLN XXXXXX Made in USA XX.X XXXX

manufacturer

license number

API monogram

OD size

nominal wt/ft

grade

X/XX

date of manufacture (last digit of year/ month)

reduced alternative impact test temperature if applicable

seamless process of manufacture

test pressure

type of thread

specialdrift

serialization

heat number

country of origin

length

weight

supplementary requirements if applicable

Example 2: 9-5/8” 53.50# P110MS VAM TOP

Example 3: 5-1/2” 23.00# P110EC VAM SG

SF

end finish

XX

work ordernumber

compatible standards (EC, HC, HCE, RY, E, MS)

Vallourec Star 5CT-XXXX 9-5/8 53.50 P XXF S S2L2 PXXXXX VAM TOP DA 8.500 JtXXX W/O XXXXXX SLN XXXXXX Made in USA XX.X XXXX

manufacturer

license number

API monogram

OD size

nominal wt/ft

grade

X/XX




test pressure

type of thread

specialdrift

serialization

heat number

country of origin

length

weight


SF

end finish

MS

work ordernumber


Vallourec Star 5CT-XXXX 5-1/2 23.00 P XXF S [ ] PXXXXX VAM SG D JtXXX W/O XXXXXX SLN XXXXXX Made in USA XX.X XXXX

manufacturer

license number

API monogram

OD size

nominal wt/ft

grade

X/XX




test pressure

type of thread

drift

serialization

heat number

country of origin

length

weight


SF

end finish

EC

work ordernumber


API-Tubing (Non-Upset)


API-Tubing (External-Upset)


Tubing Non Upset Coupling Connection all to API Spec. 5CT/ISO 11960 & API Spec. 5B


Tubing External Upset Coupling Connection all to API Spec. 5CT/ISO 11960 & API Spec. 5B


Threaded & Coupled


Semi-Flush


Flush


Special GradesTherma


Casing Short/Long Thread Coupling Connection to API Spec. 5CT & 5B


Casing Buttress Thread Coupling Connection to API Spec. 5CT & 5B


Extreme Line


Tubing and Casing Internal Flash Type Resilient Seal Connection


Resilient Joints


Tubing and Casing Non Upset Premium Coupling Connection


Casing External Upset High Performance Premium Integral Connection


Tubing and Casing Non Upset Integral Flush Joint Premium Connection


Tubing & Casing Accessories


IU/EU/IEU


Tool Joint Marking


Sour Service Casing


NACE MT0177 SCC Testing


Sour Service Casing“Sour Service” refers to a well environment containing Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), which is naturally associated with acidic conditions. H2S comes from the decomposition of organic material, so it is often found in oil & gas environments which derive from the same phenomenon. Even if not sour at the onset, some wells become sour over time, as H2S bearing formation water starts to flow together with oil. It is well known that H2S is a hazard to human health, living organisms, and more generally to the environment. That is the reason why historically wells found in “Sour”environments were often plugged and abandoned. Today Sour Service environments provide further challenges with deeper wells, higher pressures and extreme corrosive conditions.


Vallourec Sour Service Casing offers resistance to the most corrosivenvironments confirmed by extensive NACE testing. In addition, Vallourecprovides workable solutions for the design of deep, high-pressure, sour wells by carefully designing and controlling the following parameters: 　

Special chemistry and superior quench-and-temper processing ensure through wall uniformity and complete martensitic transformation.(ensure no retained un transform austenite?)

Superior sulfide stresscracking resistance is obtained by controlling hardness, strength, microstructure and utilizing practices that promote steel cleanliness and minimize residual stress.

Standard sulfide stress corrosion resistance testing is conducted in conformance with NACE TM0177 requirements. 　

NACE TM0177 Method D sulfide stress corrosion resistance testing can be provided.


Vallourec Star also offers enhanced API sour service products such as T95E with higher burst and T95HC with higher collapse. For mild sour conditions Vallourec Star is offering P110MS which is tested in fit for purpose condition meeting the NACE MR0175 requirements. For severe sour service conditions or special applications such as HPHT, Vallourec offers proprietary grades with improved sour service performance.


Fion Zhang/ Charlie C

hong

API 5CT’s Guidelines

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong http://www.api.org/~/media/files/certification/monogram-apiqr/program-updates/5ct-9th-edition-purch-guidelines-r1-20120429.pdf

1.0 Product

1.1 PRODUCTS1.1.1 API Specification 5CT – 4.1.35　 short round thread casing (SC);　 long round thread casing (LC);　 buttress thread casing (BC);　 non-upset tubing (NU);　 external upset tubing (EU);　 integral tubing connections (IJ).

1.1.2 API Specification 5CT – 4.1.35Pipe, coupling, coupling stock, coupling material, coupling blankor accessory material, either individually or collectively asapplicable.


1.1.3 API Specification 5CT – IntroductionThis Standard is not intended to inhibit a vendor from offering, orthe purchaser from accepting, alternative equipment orengineering solutions for the individual application.

1.1.4 API Specification 5CT – 1.1By agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer, thisStandard can also be applied to other plain-end pipe sizes andwall thicknesses.


1.1.5 API Specification 5CT – Annex F.1The use of the Monogram on products constitutes arepresentation and warranty by the Licensee to purchasers of theproducts that, on the date indicated, the products were producedin accordance with a verified quality management system and inaccordance with an API product specification.

1.1.6 API Specification 5CT – Annex H.1This annex describes Product Specification Level (PSL)requirements for PSL-2 and PSL-3, for all Grades except H-40, L-80 9Cr and C110, that may be specified by the purchaser.

Higher PSL requirements may be furnished at the option of the manufacturer.


1.1.6 API Specification 5CT – Annex H.1This annex describes Product Specification Level (PSL)requirements for PSL-2 and PSL-3, for all Grades except H-40, L-80 9Cr and C110, that may be specified by the purchaser.


1.1.7 API Specification 5CT – 2.2In this Standard, data are expressed in both the InternationalSystem (SI) of units and the United States Customary (USC) systemof units. For a specific order item, it is intended that only onesystem of units be used, without combining data expressed in theother system.

Products manufactured to specifications expressed in either ofthese unit systems shall be considered equivalent and totallyinterchangeable. Consequently, compliance with the requirementsof this Standard as expressed in one system provides compliancewith requirements expressed in the other system.


For data expressed in the SI, a comma is used as the decimalseparator and a space as the thousands separator. For dataexpressed in the USC system, a dot (on the line) is used as thedecimal separator and a space as the thousands separator.In the text, data in SI units are followed by data in USC units inparentheses.

Separate tables for data expressed in SI units and USC units aregiven in Annex C and Annex E respectively.Figures are contained in Annex D and express data in both SI andUSC units.


1.2 CASINGAPI Specification 5CT – 4.1.5Pipe run from the surface and intended to line the walls of adrilled well.

1.3 COUPLINGAPI Specification 5CT – 4.1.8Internally threaded cylinder for joining two lengths of threadedpipe.

1.4 PUP JOINTAPI Specification 5CT – 4.1.37Casing or tubing of length shorter than Range 1, see Table C.27 orTable E.27.

1.5 THREAD PROTECTORAPI Specification 5CT – 4.1.45Cap or insert used to protect threads and seals during handling,transportation and storage.


1.6 TUBINGAPI Specification 5CT – 4.1.46Pipe placed in a well to produce or inject fluids.


2.0 PURCHASER’S RIGHTS

2.1 INSPECTION2.1.1 API Specification 5CT – Annex B.2The inspector representing the purchaser shall have unrestrictedaccess, at all times while work on the contract of the purchaser isbeing performed, to all parts of the manufacturer's works whichwill concern the manufacturer of the pipe or couplings ordered.The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilitiesto satisfy the inspector that the pipe is being manufactured inaccordance with this Standard. All inspections should be madeprior to shipment at the place of manufacture or processing,unless otherwise specified on the purchase agreement, and shallbe so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with theoperation of the works.


2.1.2 API Specification 5CT – Annex B.3The manufacturer is responsible for complying with all of theprovisions of this Standard. The purchaser may make anyinvestigation necessary to ensure compliance by the manufacturerand may reject any material that does not comply with thisStandard.


3.0 PURCHASER’S RESPONSIBILITY

3.1 PURCHASER3.1.1 API Specification 5CT – 4.1.39Party responsible for both the definition of requirements for aproduct order and for payment for that order.

3.1.2 API Specification 5CT – 7.14.1The purchaser should refer to ISO 15156-2 or ANSI-NACEMR0175/ISO 15156-2 for guidance on the usage of Grades C90,T95 and C110. Particular attention should be given to theapplication of Grade C110 in ISO 15156-2 or ANSI-NACEMR0175/ISO 15156-2 SSC Regions 2 or 3, as this material is notsuitable for all sour (hydrogen sulfide-containing) serviceapplications


Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong http://www.drillingcontractor.org/research-expands-as-sour-gas-completion-challenges-increase-19044http://www.api.org/~/media/files/certification/monogram-apiqr/program-updates/5ct-9th-edition-purch-guidelines-r1-20120429.pdf

Sour Service grades Definitions and standardsH2S gas (hydrogen sulfide) is made up of combined atoms of sulfur and hydrogen. It can occur in bacterial decomposition of organic matter in oxygen-poor environments (methanation). It is also naturally present in oil, natural gas, volcanic gases and hot springs. It is an inflammable, colorless gas and can numb the olfactory nerve above 100 ppm. It reacts especially with metals such as steel, even stainless steel.

ISO 8044 standard defines corrosionCorrosion is a physicochemical interaction between a metal and its environment that results in changes in the properties of the metal, and which may lead to significant impairment of the function of the metal, the environment, or the technical system, of which these form part.The National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) formed a

committee in the 1950’s to help understand and avoid failures caused by H2S. A first standard (MR0175) was published in 1975. It defined Sour Service conditions as a threshold on the partial pressure of H2S above 0.05 psi.

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong http://www.connection-mag.com/?p=2728

Taking pH into account…Today, a revision of NACE MR 0175 provides a new international standard when merged with ISO 15156. It combines the findings of the European Federation of Corrosion (EFC) with those of NACE. This standard defines the metallic material requirements to provide resistance to Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC). It introduced pH as an additional major factor of influence on the environment, along with specific tests that have become standard in order to qualify material for Sour Service environment.


… and temperatureHigh pressure often relates to high temperature which is well known to be an

inactivating factor of the SSC phenomenon (see table). In fact, high temperatures carry energy to hydrogen atoms which circulate more freely in metal. High temperatures therefore allow the use of steel grades classified as non-Sour Service.

The risk actually occurs at the top of the well where the pressure is still high, but temperature has decreased due to thermal losses, thus activating Sulfide Stress Cracking. This is particularly critical for offshore wells where deep sea temperatures rarely exceed 4 or 5°C. In this case, materials defined in API 5CT (ISO 11960) comply with NACE MR0175, depending on temperature level. Outside these parameters, proprietary grades are required.Test specimens differ in the way stress is applied and can fit into 2

categories:


Sulfide Stress CrackingThe physical phenomenon associated with Sour Service environment is

known as Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC). H2S in combination with water and low pH will release free hydrogen. Due to their small size, the hydrogen atoms are absorbed by the material and interact with the steel which becomes brittle.

Two key activating factors are low temperature and high stress state of the material. Under unfavorable combinations of all these factors, a crack can appear in the material and propagate until catastrophic failure.It is a brittle fracture, without prior plastic deformation and very sudden, with no warning sign. This is what makes it a particularly dangerous phenomenon.


Choice of material and risk managementIt is readily apparent that choosing an unsuitable material can have very serious consequences. There are two possible scenarios: if an operator drills in a known environment (field already explored), he will rely on past experience and either opt for Sour Service grades or not depending on the presence of H2S. If he intervenes in unknown territory, he is better off choosing premium Sour Service products in order to limit the risks. This is the strategy now adopted by most oil companies, the additional costs for Sour Service products being very low compared to the consequences of a potential pipe leak.


Material evaluation The objective is to assess whether a given material is suitable for Sour Service conditions.

NACE TM 0177 has defined and normalized 4 tests of which methods A to D are the most used for OCTG.

Specimens are generally tested in a critical and normalized Sour Service environment called “environment A”. In fit for purpose conditions, modified environments called “environment C” may be used. To be considered suitable for Sour Service environments, a material has to pass at least one of these tests.


NACE TM 0177


Test specimens differ in the way stress is applied and can fit into 2 categories


NACE Standard Bent-Beam Test

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong http://ignc.ir/My%20Files/Downloads/Standards/NACE/TM017796.PDF

NACE Standard Double-Cantilever-Beam (DCB) Test


NACE Standard C-Ring TestDimensional drawing of the C-ring test specimen


NACE Standard C-Ring TestComparison of LPB treated and un-treated C-ring specimens after testing. The untreated specimen failed in 10 hours at 45% of SMYS. The LPB specimens ran-out at 45%, 80%, 85%, and 90% SMYS with no cracking

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong http://www.lambdatechs.com/documents/280.pdf

Method “A”


Fion Zhang/ Charlie C

hong

Rapture Face

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong http://www.ocas.be/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/OCAS-flyer-HIC.pdf

Proof Ring Loading Device


4.0 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

4.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS4.1.1 API Specification 5CT – 1.3Casing sizes larger than Label 1 4-1/2 but smaller thanLabel 1 10-3/4 can be specified by the purchaser to be used intubing service, see Tables C.1, C.23, C.27 and C.28 or Tables E.1,E.23, E.27 and E.28.

4.1.2 API Specification 5CT – 6.1Accessory material for casing and tubing shall be seamless unlessotherwise specified on the purchase agreement.


Tubing & CasingCasing sizes larger than Label 1 4-1/2 but smaller than Label 1 10-3/4 can be specified by the purchaser to be used intubing service


4.1.3 API Specification 5CT – 7.3.1If the minimum shear area is less than 75 % or if the requirementsof b) are not met, then either the material shall be rejected or atransition curve shall be made to demonstrate that the product ison the upper shelf at the specified test temperature (either thestandard test temperature or a reduced test temperature specifiedby the purchaser).

4.1.4 API Specification 5CT – 7.3.2For coupling stock, coupling materials and accessory materialswhere the critical thickness is not specified in the purchaseragreement, the critical thickness shall be the specified wallthickness.


4.1.5 API Specification 5CT – 7.6.6If not specified on the purchase agreement,a) the critical thickness for determining the impact energyrequirements shall be based on the thickness of the cross-sectionof the accessory that has the lowest t/D ratio, where D is thespecified outside diameter and t is the calculated wall thickness atthat section.b) for an accessory with API internal threads, the critical thicknessfor these API threads is shown in Table C.7 or Table E.7, and D is the specified outside diameter of the connection as specified in 9.4and 9.6.c) for special end-finish connections, the critical thickness forexternally threaded members is the specified pipe body thickness,while for internally threaded members it is the calculated thicknessof the internally threaded member at the plane of the small end ofthe pin (when the connection is made up power-tight).


4.1.6 API Specification 5CT – 7.7.1a) Grades M65, L80 all types, C90, T95 and C110 – Through-wallhardnessThe hardness numbers and/or mean hardness numbers obtainedshall comply with the requirements in Table C.5 or Table E.5.b) Grades C90, T95 and C110 — Surface hardness (only if requiredin accordance with 10.6)

For Grades C90 and T95, if the Brinell or Rockwell C-scale hardnessnumber does not exceed 255 HBW or 25,4 HRC respectively, thenthe length or piece is acceptable. If any of the hardness numbersare over 255 HBW or 25,4 HRC two additional indentations may bemade in the immediate area. If either of the second test hardnessnumbers exceeds 255 HBW or 25,4 HRC the length or piece shallbe rejected.


For Grade C110 upset product and individually heat treatedcoupling blanks, pup joints or accessory material, if the Brinell orRockwell C-scale hardness number does not exceed 286 HBW or30 HRC respectively then the piece is acceptable. If any of thehardness numbers are over 286 HBW or 30 HRC two additionalindentations may be made in the immediate area. If either of thesecond test hardness numbers exceeds 286 HBW or 30 HRC thepiece shall be rejected.


c) Grades C90, T95 and C110 — Through-wall hardnessFor Grades C90 and T95, any mean hardness number notexceeding 25,4 HRC is acceptable. If any hardness number from asingle indentation exceeds 27,0 HRC, the length or piece shall be rejected. Products with mean hardness numbers between 25,4HRC and 27,0 HRC shall be retested.

For Grade C110, any mean hardness number not exceeding 30HRC is acceptable. If any hardness number from a singleindentation exceeds 32 HRC the length or piece shall be rejected.Products with mean hardness numbers between 30 HRC and 32HRC shall be retested.

d) Grades C90 and T95 — Alternative maximum hardness requirementsBy agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer, themaximum mean hardness numbers may be altered from thosestated above, based on sulfide stress corrosion cracking testsspecified in 7.14.


4.1.7 API Specification 5CT – 7.10.2For pipe, coupling blanks, coupling material and coupling stockwith a wall thickness of 30 mm (1.181 in) or larger, an alternativerequirement may be used by agreement between manufacturerand purchaser.

4.1.8 API Specification 5CT – 8.2Pipe shall be furnished in the sizes, wall thicknesses and masses (asshown in Tables C.23to C.26 inclusive or Tables E.23 to E.26inclusive) as specified on the purchase agreement. Other plain-endpipe sizes and wall thicknesses may be furnished by agreementbetween purchaser and manufacturer. Coupling stock, couplingmaterial and accessory material shall be furnished in dimensionsspecified on the purchase agreement or, in the case of couplingmaterial, the dimensions shall be specified in the manufacturer'sinternal requirements.


4.1.9 API Specification 5CT – 8.2Casing sizes larger than Label 1 4-1/2 but smaller than Label 110-3/4 may be specified by the purchaser to be used in tubingservice, see Tables C.1, C.23, C.27 and C.28 or Tables E.1, E.23, E.27and E.28.

4.1.10 API Specification 5CT – 8.3.2 The outside diameter shall be within the tolerances specified in8.11.1. For pipe furnished non-upset and plain-end and which isspecified on the purchase agreement for the manufacture of pupjoints, the non-upset plain-end tolerances shall apply to the fulllength.


4.1.11 API Specification 5CT – 8.3.2For coupling stock, coupling material and accessory materialoutside diameter tolerances shall be specified on the purchaseagreement or, in the case of coupling material and accessorymaterial, the outside diameter tolerances shall be specified in themanufacturer's internal requirements.

4.1.12 API Specification 5CT – 8.4For coupling stock, coupling material and accessory material thewall thickness tolerance shall be specified on the purchaseagreement or, in the case of coupling material and accessorymaterial, the wall thickness shall be specified in the manufacturer'sinternal requirements.

4.1.13 API Specification 5CT – 8.5The masses determined as described in 10.13.7 shall conform tothe calculated masses as specified herein (or adjusted calculatedmasses for martensitic chromium grades L80 Type 9Cr or L80 Type13Cr) for the end-finish specified on the purchase agreement,within the tolerances stipulated in 8.11.3.


4.1.15 API Specification 5CT – 8.7 If so specified on the purchase agreement, for round thread casing only, jointers (two pieces coupled to make a standard length) may be furnished to a maximum of 5 % of the order; but no lengthused in making a jointer shall be less than 1,52 m (5.0 ft).

4.1.16 API Specification 5CT – 8.9.2Straightness requirements shall be as agreed between thepurchaser and manufacturer or, in the case of coupling materialand accessory material, the straightness shall be specified in themanufacturer's internal requirements.


4.1.17 API Specification 5CT – 8.11.6External upset tubing may be ordered with extended length upsets(Lel) as agreed between purchaser and manufacturer. A minimumof 95 % of the number of lengths (both ends) shall meet the Lelwith the remaining balance meeting Leu requirements, unlessotherwise agreed between purchaser and manufacturer.

4.1.18 API Specification 5CT – 8.12.2Product shall be furnished with one of the end finishes specified inTables C.1 and C.2 or Tables E.1 and E.2 as specified on thepurchase agreement.Additionally, seal ring configuration in accordance with A.8 SR13may be ordered.Some items of Grades H40, J55, K55 or M65 casing are available ineither short or long thread forms (see Table C.1 or Table E.1). Iflong thread is desired on these items, the purchaser shall sospecify on the purchase agreement. Otherwise short-thread casingin accordance with Table C.23 or Table E.23 shall be furnished.


4.1.19 API Specification 5CT – 8.12.3In lieu of the conventional corner breaks on the threaded ends ofexternal upset tubing, the “round” or “bullet-nose” end may besupplied at the manufacturer’s option or may be specified by thepurchaser.4.1.20 API Specification 5CT – 8.12.6 Pipe with end-finish not specified in this Standard may be furnished if so specified in the purchase agreement. Thispipe shall have the body of the pipe manufactured in accordance with therequirements of this Standard. When threaded by the pipe mill or processor,the pipe shall be marked as specified in 11.5.2.


4.1.21 API Specification 5CT – 8.12.6Couplings and accessories with end-finish not specified in thisStandard may be furnished if so specified in the purchaseagreement. These items shall be manufactured in accordance withthe requirements of this Standard, except for end-finish anddimensions, and shall be marked as specified in 11.5.2.4.1.22 API Specification 5CT – 9.2.4Grade J55 EU tubing shall be furnished with Grade L80 Type 1special clearance couplings when specified on the purchaseagreement.4.1.23 API Specification 5CT – 9.2.5Grades J55 and K55 buttress casing shall be furnished with GradeL80 Type 1 couplings when specified on the purchase agreement.


4.1.24 API Specification 5CT – 9.2.9Grades N80 Type 1 and N80Q EUE tubing shall be furnished withGrade P110 special clearance couplings when specified on thepurchase agreement.4.1.25 API Specification 5CT – 9.2.10Grades N80 Type 1 and N80Q buttress casing shall be furnishedwith Grade P110 couplings when specified on the purchaseagreement.4.1.26 API Specification 5CT – 9.2.11Grade P110 buttress casing shall be furnished with Grade Q125couplings when specified on the purchase agreement.4.1.27 API Specification 5CT – 9.4.1 Couplings shall conform to the dimensions and tolerances shownin Tables C.32 to C.35 or Tables E.32 to E.35. Unless otherwisespecified on the purchase agreement, threaded and coupledcasing and tubing shall be furnished with regular couplings.


4.1.28 API Specification 5CT – 9.4.2Couplings may be machined on the complete outside surface inaddition to the inside surface. Dimensions shall be as specified onthe purchase agreement unless couplings with standard APIthreads are ordered, in which case the dimensions shall be asshown in Tables C.32 and C.33 or Tables E.32 and E.33.4.1.29 API Specification 5CT – 9.6When specified in the purchase agreement, special-clearance(reduced outside diameter Wc) couplings for buttress casing andexternal upset tubing shall be furnished. Unless otherwisespecified, special-clearance external upset tubing couplings shallhave a special bevel on both ends as specified in 9.10 and shownon Figure D.5.


4.1.30 API Specification 5CT – 9.6When specified in the purchase agreement, special-clearancebuttress thread casing couplings shall have a special bevel on bothends as shown on Figure D.3. The inside and outside edges of thebearing face shall be rounded or broken as shown on Figures D.3and D.5.4.1.31 API Specification 5CT – 9.7Combination couplings with different types of thread of the samespecified size shall be furnished when specified on the purchaseagreement. The minimum length and minimum outside diameterof combination couplings shall be sufficient to accommodate thespecified size and type of threads.


4.1.32 API Specification 5CT – 9.8Reducing couplings are used to connect two pipes of differentdiameter with the same or different types of thread on the twoends, and shall be furnished when specified on the purchaseagreement. The minimum length and minimum diameter ofreducing couplings shall be sufficient to accommodate thespecified size and type of threads.4.1.33 API Specification 5CT – 9.9Seal-ring couplings conforming to the requirements of A.8 SR13shall be furnished when specified on the purchase agreement.


API Casing Coupling


4.1.34 API Specification 5CT – 9.10When specified in the purchase agreement, special-bevel tubingregular couplings conforming to the requirements of Tables C.34and C.35 or Tables E.34 and E.35 shall be furnished for non-upsetand external-upset tubing. Unless otherwise specified, specialbevel tubing regular couplings shall be bevelled on both ends asshown on Figures D.4 and D.5. The inside and outside edges of thebearing face shall be rounded or broken as shown on Figures D.4and D.5. The root faces of the couplings shall be faced at rightangles to the axis.4.1.35 API Specification 5CT – 9.11.2Casing couplings shall be furnished with one of the end finishesspecified in Tables C.1 and C.2 or Tables E.1 and E.2 as specified onthe purchase agreement.


4.1.36 API Specification 5CT – 9.11.2Tubing couplings shall be furnished with one of the end-finishesspecified in Table C.2 or Table E.2 as specified on the purchaseagreement.4.1.37 API Specification 5CT – 10.6.11Hardness conversions shall be made in accordance with anappropriate conversion table selected by the manufacturer, unlessotherwise specified on the purchase agreement.


4.1.38 API Specification 5CT – 10.13.6For plain-end pipe, and for other products if specified on thepurchase agreement, the length shall be measured from end toend.For threaded and coupled pipe- when measured with the coupling installed the length shall bemeasured from the end of the pin to the outer face of thecoupling- when measured without coupling the length shall be measuredfrom pin end to pin end and proper allowance for the length ofthe coupling shall be added.

For integral-joint tubing the length shall be measured from the pinend to the outer face of the box end.

For pup joints and accessories the length shall be measured fromend to end.


Pin End & Box End


Box End

Pin End

http://www.api.org/~/media/files/certification/monogram-apiqr/program-updates/5ct-9th-edition-purch-guidelines-r1-20120429.pdf

4.1.39 API Specification 5CT – Annex A.4.1Coupling blank dimensions shall be adequate to yield a fullymachined cylinder with uniform wall thickness with an outsidediameter, inside diameter and length as specified on the purchaseagreement. The coupling blanks shall be provided fully machinedby the manufacturer only when specified on the purchaseagreement.4.1.40 API Specification 5CT – Annex A.4.2For fully machined coupling blanks, the tolerance on outsidediameter shall be mm ( in) and the tolerance onthe inside diameter shall be mm ( in), unlessotherwise agreed upon between purchaser and manufacturer.Coupling blanks ordered with as-rolled outside diameter surfaceshall have an outside diameter tolerance of 1 %, but not greaterthan ( )."


4.1.41 API Specification 5CT – Annex A.5.1 Grade Q125 casing shall be provided with upset end(s).Dimensions of the upset shall be specified on the purchaseagreement.4.1.42 API Specification 5CT – Annex A.7.2By agreement between purchaser and manufacturer, a factor F of3,090 may be used in lieu of the values given inTable C.51 (SR12.1) or Table E.51 (SR12.1) provided the standarddeviation of the new lot of material is consistent with pastexperience.4.1.43 API Specification 5CT – Annex A.11.1By agreement between purchaser and manufacturer, theSupplementary Requirements for enhanced leak resistance LC inSR22 shall apply. It should be noted that the SR22 product is fullyinterchangeable with standard API LC connections. However, theSR22 design criteria concerning leak resistance shall not apply forsuch mixed product.


4.1.44 API Specification 5CT – Annex H.7.2The mean hardness numbers obtained as specified in 7.10.1 shallequal or exceed the hardness corresponding to a minimum of 95% martensite as determined by Equation H.2

For product with a wall thickness of 30 mm (1.181 in) or larger, analternative requirement may be used by agreement betweenmanufacturer and purchaser.

4.1.45 API Specification 5CT – Annex H.18.4.2Coupling stock containing defects shall either be given dispositionin accordance with 10.15.18, or the section of coupling stockcontaining the defect shall be cut off within the limits of therequirements on length specified on the coupling stock purchaseagreement.


4.2 DESIGN DATA TABLES – SI UNITSAPI Specification 5CT – Annex C


5.0 TESTING REQUIREMENTS

5.1 DEFECTSAPI Specification 5CT – 10.15.12Coupling stock containing defects may be given further evaluationin accordance with 10.15.15, except the maximum size of the nonsurface-breaking imperfection specified in 8.13.1 c) shall bereduced to 32 mm2 (0.05 in2). Coupling stock containing defectsshall either be given a disposition in accordance with 10.15.18, orthe section of coupling stock containing the defect shall be cut offwithin the limits of the requirements on length specified on thecoupling stock purchase agreement.


5.2 DEPTH TESTINGAPI Specification 5CT – 10.15.16For the evaluation of an indicated imperfection, the depth shall bemeasured by one of the following methodsa) using a mechanical measuring device (for example, pit gauge,callipers, etc.). Removal of material by grinding or other means tofacilitate measurement shall not, for pipe, reduce the remainingwall thickness below 87,5 % of the specified wall thickness or, forcoupling stock, reduce the remaining outside diameter or wallthickness below the minimum specified on the purchaseagreement. Abrupt changes in wall thickness caused by materialremoval during prove-up shall be removed.b) using an ultrasonic technique(s) (time- and/or amplitudebased),or other comparable techniques. Verification of theultrasonic technique(s) shall be documented, and shall showcapability to differentiate imperfection sizes larger and smallerthan the appropriate defect size stated in 8.13.If the purchaser and manufacturer do not agree on the evaluationtest results, either party may require destructive evaluation of thematerial; after which disposition shall be as described in B.4


5.3 DRIFT TESTING5.3.1 API Specification 5CT – 8.1When specified by the purchaser as “alternative drift pipe”, pipe inthe sizes and masses in Table C.29 or Table E.29 shall be testedwith the alternative drift mandrels as shown. Pipe which is driftedwith the alternative drift mandrels shall be marked as described inClause 11.5.3.2 API Specification 5CT – Annex G.4.1The SI values for standard drift diameters of pipe were calculated(not converted) using Equation G.6


The drift constants used are given below.The calculated SI values for standard drift diameters were roundedto the nearest 0,01 mm.


5.4 FREQUENCY & RETESTING5.4.1 API Specification 5CT – 7.14.2a) Grades C90 and T95 for each lot, as specified by 10.2,manufacturers shall demonstrate that the product meets orexceeds the minimum SSC requirement using one of the ANSINACETM0177-2005 test methods given in 7.14.5. If the purchaserrequires an SSC requirement higher than the minimum, or requiresa specific test method from the list below, agreement shall bereached between purchaser and manufacturer.Additional requirements for PSL-3 products are specified in Annex H.

b) Grade C110 for each lot, as defined in 10.2, manufacturers shalldemonstrate that the product meets or exceeds the minimum SSCrequirement using ANSI-NACE TM0177-2005 test Method A ortest Method D as given in 7.14.5. If the purchaser requires an SSCrequirement higher than the minimum or requires a specific testmethod, agreement shall be reached between the purchaser andmanufacturer.


c) For Method A full size tensile test specimens shall be usedexcept where sub-size tensile specimens are required because ofproduct size constraints.d) For Method D, a full size DCB specimen shall be used exceptwhere sub-size DCB specimens are required because of productsize constraints. When Method D sub-size or alternative specimensare required, acceptance criteria shall be agreed between thepurchaser and manufacturer.e) When not specified in this Standard, the details of themanufacturer’s qualification, frequency of sulfide stress-crackingtesting, retest procedures and testing practices should beaddressed by the purchaser and manufacturer prior to placing oraccepting a purchase agreement.


5.4.2 API Specification 5CT – 9.3Couplings shall conform to the mechanical requirementsspecified in Clauses 7 and 10, including the frequency oftesting, re-test provision, etc. A record of these tests shall beopen to inspection by the purchaser.


5.5 HARDNESS TESTING5.5.1 API Specification 5CT – 7.9All individually heat-treated coupling blanks, pup joints oraccessory material shall be surface hardness tested to verifyprocess control. For Grades C90, T95 and C110, the surfacehardness test results shall be used in the selection of the pieces forthrough-wall hardness testing. The process-control hardness testresults need not be provided by the manufacturer or processorunless specified on the purchase agreement.5.5.2 API Specification 5CT – 10.6.2Additional hardness testing on the outside surface and throughwallhardness testing of pipe and upsets may be carried out asagreed between purchaser and manufacturer. Test procedures forthis additional testing shall be agreed between purchaser andmanufacturer.


5.5.3 API Specification 5CT – 10.6.5For Grade C110, one through-wall hardness test in one quadrantshall be made on each length from both ends of each pipe. If themanufacturer applies a process control plan which has beendemonstrated to the satisfaction of the purchaser to be sufficientto ensure that the entire length of the pipe has homogeneoushardness properties, the testing frequency may be reduced to thefrequency applicable for Grades C90 and T95.

5.5.4 API Specification 5CT – 10.6.10The use of the Rockwell B-scale on materials having a hardnessbelow 20 HRC is at the manufacturer's option or as specified onthe purchase agreement. Rockwell hardness numbers and meanhardness numbers shall be reported in Rockwell C, from actual orconverted numbers, to the first or second decimal place. When A.9 SR15 is specified on the purchase agreement, the manufacturer shall provide these data to the purchaser.


5.5.5 API Specification 5CT – 10.6.12The testing machine shall be checked at the beginning and end ofa continuous run of testing and at such times as are required toassure the operator of the equipment and the purchaser (or hisrepresentative) that the machine is satisfactory. In any event,checks should be made at least every 8 h of a continuous run oftesting. Checks shall be made on standardized test blocks withinthe following hardness ranges


10.4 Tensile tests10.4.3 Frequency of testing and location of test specimen .— Casing and tubing- The frequency of testing for casing and tubing of all groups is defined in Table C.37 or Table E.37.Table C.37 .— Frequency of tensile tests .— Casing and tubing


Table C.40 .— Frequency of hardness testing


Table C.41 .— Frequency of flattening tests


Table C.42 .— Summary of NDE methods for seamless pipe, coupling stock and the body of welded pipe


Table C.42 .— Summary of NDE methods for seamless pipe, coupling stock and the body of welded pipe

N = not requiredR = requiredA = one method or any combination of methods shall be usedB = at least one method shall be used in addition to ultrasonic inspection to inspect the outside surfaceC = ultrasonic inspection shall be used to inspect the outside and inside surfaceNA = not applicablea MPI is permitted for end-area inspection. MPI is permitted for pipe-body outside-surface inspection in combination with other methods of pipe bodyinspection. MPI is permitted for coupling stock outside surface inspection. Coupling stock receiving full-length MPI does not require full-length wallthickness verification, however, mechanical wall thickness measurement of each end is required.


5.6 HYDROSTATIC TESTING5.6.1 API Specification 5CT – 10.12.2For threaded pipe, the hydrostatic test pressures shall be standardpressures calculated as described in 10.12.3, or a higher pressureas agreed upon between the purchaser and the entity performingthe threading.5.6.2 API Specification 5CT – 10.12.2For plain-end pipe except Grade Q125, the hydrostatic testpressures shall be the pressures calculated as described in 10.12.3,or a higher pressure as agreed upon between purchaser andmanufacturer. This does not preclude conducting subsequenthydrostatic tests at a fibre stress not exceeding 80 % of specifiedminimum yield strength, in accordance with the formula listedbelow. Failure to pass this hydrostatic test without leakage is basisfor rejection.


5.6.3 API Specification 5CT – 10.12.3The manufacturer shall have a documented design basis to establish thephysical limitations of the hydrostatic test equipment. If the calculated testpressure (based on the outside diameter, thickness and grade) is greater thanthe physical capability of the hydrostatic test equipment, the manufacturer,upon agreement with the purchaser, shall use a test pressure equal to thephysical capability of the test equipment. However, the hydrostatic testcapability may be less than 20,5 MPa (3 000 psi) only for those productswhere the calculated test pressure is less than 20,5 MPa(3 000 psi).

5.6.4 API Specification 5CT – 10.12.3 Alternative test pressures for Grades H40, J55 and K55 in sizes larger than Label 1 9-5/8 are calculated using a factor f of 0,8. For Grades C110, P110 and Q125, when the calculated test pressure exceeds 69,0 MPa (10 000 psi), the standard test pressure is limited to 69,0 MPa (10 000 psi) and the alternative test pressure is as calculated. The alternative test pressures are given in parentheses in the tables. Alternative test pressures shall be used when specified on the purchase agreement and when agreed by the purchaser and manufacturer.


5.7 IMPACT TESTING5.7.1 API Specification 5CT – 7.5.6For all other grades except Grades H40, J55, K55 and N80 Type 1(which have no mandatory impact requirements for pipe),compliance with the requirements of 7.5.3 may be qualified by adocumented procedure in lieu of testing, at the manufacturer'soption, unless A.10 SR16 is specified on the purchase agreement,in which case testing is mandatory as specified in 10.7

5.7.2 API Specification 5CT – 10.5.5The requirements in A.6 SR11 shall apply when EW pipe andA.6 SR11 are specified on the purchase agreement (see 6.1).

5.7.3 API Specification 5CT – Annex A.10.1When A.10 SR16 is specified on the purchase agreement for Group 1 GradesN80Q and R95, Group 2 (except M65), androup 3, the testing provisions of10.7, which are optional for the manufacturer in accordance with 7.5.6,become mandatory. When A.10 SR16 is specified on the purchaseagreement for Group 1 Grades H40, J55, K55 and N80 Type 1, therequirements in A.10.2 are mandatory.


5.8 NDE TESTINGAPI Specification 5CT – 8.13.1When NDE (except visual) is specified by this Standard [see 10.15,A.2 SR1 and A.3 SR2] or specified on the purchase agreement, anynon-surface-breaking imperfection detected that, when outlinedon the outside surface, has an area greater than 260 mm2 (0.40 in2).


5.9 PRODUCT ANALYSES5.9.1 API Specification 5CT – 10.3.2For Groups 1, 2 (except for Grade C110) and 3, the product analyses shall be available to the purchaser on request.

5.9.2 API Specification 5CT – 10.3.2For Grades C110 and Q125, the product analyses shall be providedto the purchaser.

5.9.3 API Specification 5CT – 10.3.4Samples for re-check product analyses shall be taken in the samemanner as specified for product analysis samples. The results of allre-check product analyses shall be provided to the purchaserwhen specified on the purchase agreement.


5.10 SHEAR TESTINGAPI Specification 5CT – Annex H.6.1Eithera) the minimum shear area shall be 75 %, in accordance withASTM E23; orb) the manufacturer may use a documented procedure (takinginto account, as a minimum, variations in chemistry, diameter andwall thickness) together with the impact test results todemonstrate that the upper shelf behavior is achieved

If the minimum shear area is less than 75 % or if the requirementsof b) are not met, then either the material shall be rejected or atransition curve shall be made to demonstrate that the product is on the upper shelf at the specified test temperature (either the standard test temperature or a reduced test temperature specified by the purchaser).


5.11 TEST SPECIMENS5.11.1 API Specification 5CT – 7.14.3For all test methods, when agreed by the purchaser, the manufacturer may use randomly selected test specimens provided prior documented validation test results or previous qualification of the manufacturing procedure (according to ISO 15156-2 or ANSI-NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2) confirm that the manufacturing procedure results in products that meet the SSC requirements of this Standard.

5.11.2 API Specification 5CT – 10.7.3For pipe, one set of test specimens shall be taken from each lotunless compliance with the requirements is qualified by adocumented procedure, see 7.5.6. If A.10 SR16 is specified in thepurchase agreement, testing is mandatory.


5.12 SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS5.12.1 API Specification 5CT – 1.4Supplementary requirements that can optionally be agreedbetween purchaser and manufacturer for non-destructiveexamination, fully machined coupling blanks, upset casing,electric-welded casing, tubing and pup joints, impact testing, sealring couplings, test certificates, tensile testing and sulfide stresscracking testing are given in Annex A.5.12.2 API Specification 5CT – 7.2.4By agreement between purchaser and manufacturer thesupplementary requirements for statistical tensile testing ofGrades C90, T95 and C110 in A.12 (SR38) shall apply.5.12.3 API Specification 5CT – 7.3.8 By agreement between purchaser and manufacturer, the supplementary requirements for statistical impact testing inA.7 SR12 shall apply.

5.12.4 API Specification 5CT – 13.2Where additional information is required, including the results ofmechanical testing, the supplementary requirement in A.9 SR15shall be specified in the purchase agreement.


5.13 TEMPERATURE TESTING5.13.1 API Specification 5CT – 7.3.7The test temperature shall be 0 ºC (32 ºF) for all groups exceptGroup 1, Grades J55 and K55. Grades J55 and K55 shall be testedat 21 ºC (70 ºF). An alternative lower test temperature may bespecified on the purchase agreement or selected by themanufacturer for any grade. The tolerance on the test temperature shall be 3ºC (5 ºF)

5.13.2 API Specification 5CT – Annex A.10.6.3The test temperature for full-size test specimens shall be specifiedby the purchaser as:a) + 21 ºC (+ 70 ºF), orb) 0 ºC (+ 32 ºF), orc) – 10 ºC (+ 14 ºF), or


d) other temperature as specified on the purchase agreement.The tolerance on the test temperature for full-size test specimens shall be 3ºC (5 ºF)

The test temperature shall be reduced as specified in A.10.6.5SR16.5.5 for Grades H40, J55 and K55 when sub-size testspecimens are required.

A.10.6.5 SR16.6.5 Sub-size test temperature reduction .— Grades H40, J55 and K55 onlyA test temperature reduction may be required when sub-size test specimens are used. The test temperaturereduction depends on the thickness of the pipe and the size of the impact test specimen.The test temperature reduction specified in Table C.59 (SR16.7) or Table E.59 (SR16.7) shall be used whenapplicable.

Additional requirements for PSL-2 and PSL-3 product are given in Annex H.


5.13.3 API Specification 5CT – Annex A.10.7The size and orientation of the test specimen (i.e. full-size, ¾-sizeor ½-size), the actual test temperature (i.e. specified temperatureless the test temperature reduction that may be applicable forGrades H40, J55, and K55), the results of the individual specimens(i.e. the impact energy absorption and the percentage shear), andthe average absorbed energy shall be reported to the purchaser.5.13.4 API Specification 5CT – Annex H.6.2.1Impact testing shall be carried out in accordance with A.10 SR16.The test temperature shall be 21 °C (70 °F) for Grades J55 and K55and 0 °C (32 °F) for all other grades, or a lower temperature byagreement between purchaser and manufacturer.


5.14 TENSILE TESTING5.14.1 API Specification 5CT – 7.2.1The tensile properties of upset casing and tubing, exceptelongation of the upset ends, shall comply with the requirementsgiven for the pipe body. In case of dispute, the properties (exceptelongation) of the upset shall be determined from a tensile testspecimen cut from the upset. A record of such tests shall beavailable to the purchaser.

5.14.2 API Specification 5CT – 10.4.5When tensile testing of the upset is required, the purchaser andmanufacturer shall agree upon the most representative type andsize of test specimen to be used for the test.5.14.3 API Specification 5CT – 10.4.6Tensile test specimens for coupling blanks and pup joint oraccessory material heat-treated in coupling blank or individuallengths shall be removed from the piece as illustrated inFigure D.9. Reduced-section strip specimens may be used byagreement between purchaser and manufacturer


Figure D.9 .— Typical location of test samples removed from product


5.14.4 API Specification 5CT – 10.10For Grade C110, the level of resistance to sulfide stress crackingshall be evaluated using the tensile method (Method A), unlessone of the DCB methods (Method D) in Annex A.13, SR39 isspecified on the purchase agreement.

5.14.5 API Specification 5CT – Annex A.5.2Tensile, impact and hardness properties of the pipe and upsetshall comply with the requirements of Clause 7. The allowablehardness variation of the upset shall be based on the nominal wallthickness of the upset specified on the purchase agreement. Thetensile test specimens for the upset shall be the largest roundspecimen feasible. The size to be used shall be agreed by thepurchaser and manufacturer prior to testing.


5.15 WALL THICKNESS5.15.1 API Specification 5CT – 10.13.4For Grade C110, wall thickness shall be measured over the fulllength, with a minimum coverage of 100 % of the surface areacovered by the automatic system. The minimum measured wallthickness for each pipe shall be reported. Traceability by pipe isonly required when specified on the purchase agreement.5.15.2 API Specification 5CT – 10.13.4Accessory material shall have the wall thickness verified if sospecified in the purchase agreement.


6.0 SHIPPING REQUIREMENTS

6.1 SHIPPING6.1.1 API Specification 5CT – 8.14.1All casing couplings and regular tubing couplings shall be screwedonto the pipe power-tight, except that they shall be screwed onhandling-tight (see Note 1 below) or shipped separately if sospecified on the purchase agreement. Special-clearance tubingcouplings shall be screwed onto the pipe handling-tight, exceptthat they shall be shipped separately if so specified on thepurchase agreement.6.1.2 API Specification 5CT – 8.14.2The requirements for Group 4 are the same as that shown in8.14.1, except that couplings with API threads shall be shippedseparately unless power-tight make-up is specified on thepurchase agreement.


6.1.2 API Specification 5CT – 8.14.2The requirements for Group 4 are the same as that shown in8.14.1, except that couplings with API threads shall be shippedseparately unless power-tight make-up is specified on thepurchase agreement.6.1.2 API Specification 5CT – Annex H.20Unless otherwise specified on the purchase agreement, seal ringsfor field-end box threads shall be shipped separately in a sealedpackage labelled with the quantity, connection , connectionmanufacturer, date inspected, and date packaged.


7.0 DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS

7.1 DOCUMENTATION7.1.1 API Specification 5CT – 13.1A material test report, certificate of compliance or similardocument printed from or used in electronic form from anelectronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be regarded ashaving the same validity as a counterpart printed in the certifier’sfacility. The content of the EDI-transmitted document shall meetthe requirements of this Standard and conform to any existing EDIagreement between purchaser and manufacturer.


7.1.2 API Specification 5CT – Annex A.1This annex describes supplementary requirements that may bespecified by the purchaser or agreed between purchaser andmanufacturer. These requirements apply only when stated on thepurchase agreement.


8.0 PURCHASE AGREEMENT

8.1 PURCHASE AGREEMENT8.1.1 API Specification 5CT – 5.1The purchaser should refer to ISO 15156-2 or ANSI-NACEMR0175/ISO 15156-2 for guidance on the usage of Grades C90,T95 and C110. Particular attention should be given to theapplication of Grade C110 in ISO 15156-2 or ANSI-NACEMR0175/ISO 15156-2 SSC Regions 2 or 3, as this material is notsuitable for all sour (hydrogen sulfide-containing) serviceapplications.NOTE The SSC test is for quality control purposes only and doesnot qualify the material for any specific sour service application. Itis the product user’s responsibility to ensure that the product issuitable for the intended application.


Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong http://www.tubular.nssmc.com/product-services/octg/materials/data-sheet/sm110xs

More Reading onSour Services for Casing/ Tubing

Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Experienced

Material Data SheetSM110XS is a low alloy High Strength Carbon steel OCTG casing material suitable for severe Sour Service applications. SM110XS is a validated full fledge Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) resistant material developed based on SMC110 manufacturing experience.

SSC failure mechanism is a form of Hydrogen embrittlement in combined presence of H2S, water and tensile stresses. NSSMC pioneered thedevelopment of a 110 grade material able to resist specific sour service applications in the early 90’s, under SMC110 name.Diameters: 2-3/8” to 16”Weights: as per API 5CT/ISO 11960


ReferencesProprietary SM-110XS. TGP-3159 (latest revision)API 5CT / ISO 11960NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156-2API 5C1 / ISO 10405NACE TM0177Sumitomo Ref:


http://www.tubular.nssmc.com/download-area/download/38-the-vam-book

http://www.tubular.nssmc.com/product-services/octg/materials/data-sheet/sm110xs

Applicable environmentSM110XS is designed to provide 110 SMYS physicals for casing applications, while remaining SSC resistant in Severe Sour service condition corresponding to region 3, High H2S combined with low pH, as defined by NACE MR0175/ISO15156-2 (Fig 1).


Fig. 1 : Sour Service regions in the pH vs H2S diagram* Note : Even though this low pH corner is considered non-sour as far as H2S is concerned, caution needs to be exercised, as High Strength materials may become susceptible to Environmental Cracking (EC) even with no or very limited H2S.


There is a fair amount of confusion in relation to the H2S partial pressure limit applicable to 110 ksi sour service material.ISO 11960 in its 2011 revision recognizes the existence of C110 material. The actual application of this ISO C110 material in terms of sour service is left up to the end user judgment through the following statement ISO 11960 (2011 revision) paragraph 7.14.1

Quote“General guidance:The purchaser should refer to ISO 15156-2 or ANSI-NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 for guidance on the usage of grades C90, T95 and C110. Particular attention should be given to the application of grade C110 in ISO 15156-2 or ANSI-NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 SSC regions 2 or 3, as this material is not suitable for all sour (hydrogen sulfide containing) service applications.NOTE: The SSC test is for quality control purposes and does not qualify the material for any specific sour service application. It is the product user’s responsibility to ensure that the product is suitable for the intended application.Unquote


Referring to ISO 15156 / NACE MR0175, ISO specified C110 application is restricted to either Region 1 per fig 1, or to any H2S partial pressure as long as the material is exposed to temperature always exceeding 65°C (150°F). (? < 65°C )

SM110XS is a validated full fledge Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) resistant material usable for casing applications anywhere within Regions 1, 2 & 3 of ISO 15156-2 pH versus H2S partial pressure diagram, that is any combination of ppH2S and temperature under in situ pH occurring in production environments.



Vallourec Data

http://www.connection-mag.com/?p=2728

Manufacturing


Physical and thermal properties


Yield Strength vs Temperature


Technical informationTemperature increase tends to minimize materials SSC susceptibility, and this tendency can be observed on API grades as well where, according to NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156-2, at higher temperature exposures high strength materials can be used in Region 3 of NACE MR0175/ISO15156-2 pH-H2S domain diagram (please refer to Fig 1).

Referring to API P110 grade in particular, this material can be used in high H2S environments if and only if the material is exposed to temperatures exceeding 80°C / 175°F (Fig. 2):


Fig. 2 : SSC Temperature thresholds for API Carbon steel grades according to NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156-2.


All 11 GradesH40, J55, K55, M65, L80, N80, C90, T95, C95, P110, Q125

These 20 years of experience in manufacturing SMC110 allowed for NSSMC to optimize the different processes inclusive of stringent QC, resulting in upgrading of the material being able to withstand ANY H2S partial pressure at ANY temperature as highlighted by the below SSC test results (Figure 3).


Fig. 3 : SM110XS SSC resistance versus H2S pressure and temperature- 4 point bent beam test at 90% AYS, - H2S partial pressure from 10 to 100 bars, - Test temperature from 24 to 107°C- Test solution: 5% NaCl- Test duration from 720 hrs to 2160 hrs- pH values from 3.0 to 3.50

The above test verified SM110XS SSC resistance as a function of temperature and H2S partial pressure. These conditions were selected to maximize the H2S partial pressure within the gas phase known to be the most severe in terms of SSC.


Storage and handling procedureHealth, Safety and EnvironmentWhile state-of-the-art HSE rules are applied throughout NSSMC manufacturing process, proprietary and specific HSE regulations shall be applied along the life cycle of the pipe until it reaches its final position in the well, according to each operator’s rules. This particularly applies to all phases of handling and transportation, assembly on the rig floor, and rig return if applicable. OCTG are heavy and by nature unstable. Special care shall be paid to potential risks of injury whenever handling OCTGs. Walking on pipes shall be avoided at all times. Usage of Personal Protection Equipments (PPE) is mandatory. Equipment and procedures will be established to capture the possible wastes generated during maintenance (cleaning, coating, doping) and disposed according to local regulations. This applies in particular to storage dope, running dope, or cleaning water wastes.


Best practices for transportation, handling and storage of OCTG in general are covered by ISO 10405 / API RP5C1. VAM Book is also a good source of handling practices for VAM connections. In addition to these general rules, specific care is recommended pertaining to SMC110, because improper handling could affect the material performances and by extension the corrosion resistance :Prevention of Spot Hardening


8.1.2 API Specification 5CT – 5.2.1When enquiring or placing orders for pipe manufactured in accordance with this Standard, the purchaser shall specify the following


8.1.3 API Specification 5CT – 5.2.2 The purchaser shall also state on the purchase agreement the requirements, where applicable, concerning the following stipulations, which are at the purchaser’s option


8.1.4 API Specification 5CT – 5.2.3The following may be agreed between purchaser and manufacturer


8.1.5 API Specification 5CT – 5.3.1When enquiring or placing orders for pipe manufactured in accordance with this Standard, the purchaser shall specify the following


8.1.6 API Specification 5CT – 5.3.2The purchaser shall also state on the purchase agreement the requirements, where applicable, concerning the following stipulations, which are at the purchaser’s option


8.1.7 API Specification 5CT – 5.3.3The following may be agreed between purchaser and manufacturer


8.1.8 API Specification 5CT – 5.4.1When enquiring or placing orders for coupling stockWhen enquiring or placing orders for coupling stock, coupling material or accessory material manufactured in accordance with this Standard, the purchaser shall specify the following


8.1.9 API Specification 5CT – 5.4.2The purchaser shall also state on the purchase agreement the requirements, where applicable, concerning the following stipulations, which are at the purchaser’s option


8.1.10 API Specification 5CT – 6.1Electric-welded Grade P110 pipe and Grade Q125 casing shall beprovided only when the supplementary requirement in A.6 SR11 isspecified on the purchase agreement.

8.1.11 API Specification 5CT – 6.1Grade Q125 upset casing shall be provided only when thesupplementary requirement in A.5 SR10 is specified on thepurchase agreement.

8.1.12 API Specification 5CT – 7.6.5By agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser, theprovisions of A.10 SR16 shall apply.


A.5 SR10 Upset casing .— Grade Q125 onlyA.5.1 SR10.1 DimensionsGrade Q125 casing shall be provided with upset end(s). Dimensions of the upset shall be specified on thepurchase agreement.A.5.2 SR10.2 Material propertiesTensile, impact and hardness properties of the pipe and upset shall comply with the requirements of Clause 7.The allowable hardness variation of the upset shall be based on the nominal wall thickness of the upset specifiedon the purchase agreement. The tensile test specimens for the upset shall be the largest round specimen feasible.The size to be used shall be agreed by the purchaser and manufacturer prior to testing.


A.5.3 SR10.3 Heat treatmentUpset pipe shall be heat-treated full-body, full-length after upsetting.A.5.4 SR10.4 Other testing considerationsThe frequency of testing, re-test provisions, identification, etc., for both the pipe body and the upset material shallbe as specified in Clause 10.A.5.5 SR10.5 End area inspectionThe outside and inside surfaces of the ends of upset pipe shall be inspected after final heat treatment and beforethreading for transverse and longitudinal defects by the magnetic particle method.


A.6 SR11 Electric-welded Grades P110 and Q125 pipeA.6.1 SR11.1 GeneralCasing (Grades P110 and Q125) and tubing (Grade P110) may be produced by the electric-weld process onlywhen detailed quality control provisions are jointly agreed by purchaser and manufacturer prior to the manufactureof the pipe. Tensile, impact and hardness testing shall be performed as frequently as required for seamless pipe.


A.6.2 SR11.2 Flattening test frequencyA.6.2.1 SR11.2.1 .— Grade P110The flattening test frequency shall be as specified in 10.5.2.A.6.2.2 SR11.2.2 .— Grade Q125Flattening tests shall be performed on each end of each length of pipe. On one end, flattening tests shall be madewith weld at 6 o'clock and on the other end with weld at 3 o'clock. All inspection shall be performed andimperfections removed (cut-backs made) prior to removal of flattening test specimens.


3 o'clock

6 o'clock


A.6.3 SR11.3 Flattening test proceduresA.6.3.1 SR11.3.1 .— Grade P110The test specimens shall be flattened as specified in 10.5.3, 10.5.5 and 10.5.7.A.6.3.2 SR11.3.2 .— Grade Q125Test specimens shall be rings or crop ends not less than 63,5 mm (2in) long, cut from each end of each length of pipe. Precautions shall be taken so thatthe test specimens can be identified with respect to the lengths of pipe fromwhich they are cut. Flattening tests shall be conducted with the weld linelocated at the 6 o'clock or 3 o'clock position. Minimum acceptable flatteningwithout cracking at any location shall be as shown in Table C.50(SR11.1) or Table E.50 (SR11.1) or 0,85D, whichever requires the greater flattening.

No cracks or breaks shall occur anywhere in the specimen until the distancebetween the plates is less than that specified above; nor shall evidence ofpoor texture, incomplete fusion in the weld or laminations develop duringthe entire flattening process.

Table C.50 .— SR11.1 Distance between plates for flattening tests



A.6.4 SR11.4 Other material propertiesElectric-welded pipe shall meet the same tensile, impact and hardness requirements as seamless pipe. Theimpact test specimen shall be machined with the notch at the weld line. The requirements of Clause 10 (forseamless pipe) shall also apply to electric-welded pipe.

A.6.5 SR11.5 Inspection and rejectionA.6.5.1 SR11.5.1 GeneralThe NDE of the weld seam shall be separate from the pipe body inspection.A.6.5.2 SR11.5.2 Non-weld area inspectionThe pipe body shall be inspected in the same manner as the seamless product as specified in Clause 10.A.6.5.3 SR11.5.3 Non-destructive examination of weld seamThe weld seam of pipe (except upset ends) furnished to this Standard shall be inspected non-destructively fulllength(100 %) by ultrasonic methods. The inspection shall be performed after all heat treatment and anysubsequent rotary straightening operation. Pipe upsets shall be inspected as specified in 10.15.14.


A.6.5.4 SR11.5.4 EquipmentAny equipment utilizing the ultrasonic principles capable of continuous and uninterrupted inspection of the weldseam shall be used. The equipment shall be checked with an applicable reference standard as described inA.6.5.5 SR11.5.5 at least once every working shift to demonstrate the effectiveness of the inspection equipmentand procedures. The equipment shall be adjusted to produce well-defined indications when the reference standard is scanned by the inspection unit in a manner simulating the inspection of the product, and shall be capable of inspecting 1,6 mm (1/16 in) on either side of the weld line for the entire wall thickness.

ERW Weld Macro


Weld sample before and after OD and ID scarfing


■ https://www.youtube.com/embed/uvffP2-A92g


A.6.5.5 SR11.5.5 Reference standardsA reference standard having the same specified diameter and thickness as the product being inspected shall be used to demonstrate the effectiveness ofthe inspection equipment and procedures at least once every working shift.The reference standard may be of any convenient length as determined bythe manufacturer. It shall be scanned by the inspection unit in a mannersimulating the inspection of the product.

For ultrasonic inspection, the reference standard, with similar acoustic properties to the product being inspected, shall contain two notches, one on the outer and one on the inner surface as specified in Figure D.16 (SR 11.1). The 1,6 mm (1/16 in) diameter hole shall be drilled radially through the wall of the reference standard.

The inspection equipment shall be adjusted to produce a well-defined indication from each reference indicator when the reference standard isscanned by the inspection system(s). Responses from the notches and hole shall meet the required system(s) sensitivity level. Outside-wall and inside-wall notches of reduced length may be used by agreement between thepurchaser and manufacture


For ultrasonic inspection, the reference standard, with similar acoustic properties to the product being inspected, shall contain two notches, one on the outer and one on the inner surface as specified in Figure D.16 (SR 11.1). The 1,6 mm (1/16 in) diameter hole shall be drilled radially through the wall of the reference standard.

outer

inner

1,6 mm (1/16 in) diameter hole

Figure D.16 .— SR11.1 Reference indicators



Figure D.16 .— SR11.1 Reference indicators

KeyA notch widthB notch depthC hole diameterD 90 % ± 1,5 % of the specified minimum wall thickness

a Notch length:• for eddy current, 38,10 mm (1.5 in) maximum total length;• for ultrasonic, 50,80 mm (2 in) maximum at full depth;• for diverted flux, the length of notch shall be as required by the equipment

design to provide a reproducible signal when the reference standard is passed through the equipment at the inspection-line speed for the pipe being inspected. Three passes through the equipment shall be carried out to ensure reproducibility.


A.6.5.6 SR11.5.6 Rejection limitsAny imperfection that produces a signal greater than or equal to the signal received from the reference standardshall be considered a defect unless it can be demonstrated by the manufacturer that the imperfection does notexceed the provisions of A.6.5.7 SR11.5.7.A.6.5.7 SR11.5.7 DispositionImperfections revealed by magnetic particle inspection and determined to be greater in depth than 5 % but notgreater than 12,5 % of the specified wall thickness shall be removed by grinding or machining, or the pipe shall berejected. All imperfections classified as defects by the ultrasonic or electromagnetic equipment which do notexceed 12,5 % of the specified wall thickness in depth shall be removed by grinding or machining, or the pipeshall be rejected.

Pipe with defects whose removal requires grinding or machining to a depth in excess of 12,5 % of the specifiedwall thickness shall be given a disposition in accordance with 10.15.17. Where grinding or machining is done,generous radii shall be used to prevent abrupt changes in wall thickness, and such areas shall be re-inspected byone of the non-destructive inspection methods specified herein to verify complete removal of the defect.


9.0 PROCESSING REQUIREMENTS

9.1 SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSAPI Specification 5CT – Annex A.9.1The manufacturer shall provide the following data, as applicable,for each item for which this Supplementary Requirement isspecified on the purchase agreement. The manufacturer'scertificate shall cite this Standard, and revision date thereof, towhich the product was manufactured.


a) SR15.1.1Specified diameter, wall thickness, grade, process of manufactureand type of heat treatment.b) SR.15.1.2The minimum tempering temperature allowed by the documentedheat treatment procedure for each lot of quenched and temperedor normalised and tempered casing and tubing (except couplingstock and coupling material).c) SR15.1.3Chemical analyses (heat, product, control, and re-check) showingthe mass fraction, expressed as a percent, of all elements whoselimits or reporting requirements are set in this Standard.


d) SR15.1.4Test data for all tensile tests required by this Standard, includingyield strength, tensile strength, elongation. The type, size andorientation of specimens shall be shown.If elongation is recorded or reported, the record or report shallshow the nominal width of the test specimen when stripspecimens are used, the diameter and gauge length when roundbarspecimens are used, or it shall state when full-sectionspecimens are used.


e) SR15.1.5Where impact testing is required by this Standard, impact testresults including• the test criteria• the size, location and orientation of the test specimen• the nominal test temperature (i.e. the actual test temperature,including the sub-size temperature reduction if applicable)• the absorbed energy measured for each test specimen and• the average absorbed energy for each test.The percent shear area shall be reported for• Grade C110 as specified in 7.3.1.• PSL-2 or PSL-3 product as specified in H.6.1 or


f) SR15.1.6Hardness test results (including Rockwell hardness numbers andmean hardness numbers, test type and criterion, and specimenlocation and orientation) where such testing is required.g) SR15.1.7The grain size and the test method used to determine the grainsize.h) SR15.1.8For Grade C110 tested in accordance with A.13 (SR39), thecertification shall include a statement specifying if the SSC testingwas performed in Solution A or the actual percent H2S whenperformed in the solution described in A.13.3 (SR39.3).


i) SR 15.1.9The information specified in the ANSI-NACE TM0177-2005 “NACEUNIFORM Material Testing Report Form (Part 2) Testing inAccordance with ANSI-NACE TM0177 Method – NACE StandardDCB Test” shall be provided.j) SR15.1.10Minimum hydrostatic test pressure and duration.k) SR15.1.11For welded pipe for which NDE of the weld seam is required bythis Standard, the method of NDE employed (ultrasonic,electromagnetic and/or magnetic particle) and the type ofreference standard.


l) SR15.1.12For seamless product for which NDE is specified by the purchaser(either in the body of this Standard, in the SupplementaryRequirements or in the purchase agreement), the method ofinspection employed (ultrasonic, electromagnetic or magneticparticle) the acceptance level, the location and orientation of thereference indicator used. and the type and size of the referencestandard used.m) SR15.1.13For electric-welded pipe, the minimum temperature for heattreatment of the weld seam. If such heat treatment is notperformed, “No Seam Heat Treatment” shall be stated on thecertificate.n) SR15.1.14Results of any supplemental testing required by the purchaser.



Table C.3 .— Process of manufacture and heat treatment

N/NT/QT

N/NT

N/NT/QT

(N), normalized and tempered (N&T), quenched and tempered (Q&T),

Air cool


a S = seamless process; EW = electric-welded process.b Full length normalized (N), normalized and tempered (N&T), or

quenched and tempered (Q&T), at the manufacturer's option or as specified on the purchase agreement.

c Full length normalized or normalized and tempered at the manufacturer's option.

d All pipe shall be full body heat-treated. Full length normalized (N), normalized and tempered (N&T), or quenched and tempered (Q&T), at the manufacturer's option or as specified on the purchase agreement.

e Type 9Cr and 13Cr may be air-quenched.f Special chemical requirements for electric-welded P110 casing are

specified in Table C.5.g Special requirements unique to electric-welded P110 and Q125 are

specified in A.6 (SR11).

9.2 COATING9.2.1 API Specification 5CT – 12.1.1Unless otherwise specified on the purchase agreement, pipe andcouplings shall be given an external coating for protection fromrust while in transit. An attempt should be made to make thesecoatings smooth, hard to the touch and with minimum sags. Thecoating shall be rated to protect the pipe for at least three months.

9.2.2 API Specification 5CT – 12.1.1Unless otherwise specified on the purchase agreement, couplingstock, coupling material and accessory material shall be suppliedwithout external coating (bare), except for a protective coatingthat may be applied over the stencil.


9.2.3 API Specification 5CT – 12.1.1The purchase agreement shall specify when bare pipe or speciallycoated pipe is required. For special coatings, the purchaseagreement shall further specify whether the coating shall beapplied to the full length or whether a certain specific distancefrom the end shall be left un-coated. Unless otherwise specified,such bare ends are commonly given a coating with oil forprotection in transit.


9.2.4 API Specification 5CT – 12.1.2By agreement between purchaser and manufacturer, protectivecoatings, internal and external, may be required for pipe for long termstorage to protect against corrosion, especially when storedin a marine environment.

The following points shall apply.


a) The protection shall be effective against corrosion in a marineenvironment during the long-term storage period defined by thepurchaser and manufacturer; minor surface discolouration shall beacceptable.b) There shall be no need for removal of the protective coatingbefore the running of the tubulars.c) Correct application of the coating is essential and the followingparameters shall be assessed1. 　 dryness of the pipe;2. 　 cleanliness of the pipe;3. 　 temperature at application;4. 　 thickness of the coating film.


9.3 HEAT TREATMENT9.3.1 API Specification 5CT – 6.2.1Product shall be heat-treated in accordance with a documentedprocedure as stipulated in Table C.3 or Table E.3 for the particulargrade and type specified on the purchase agreement.9.3.2 API Specification 5CT – 6.2.2For Grades J55 and K55 product the heat treatment (see Table C.3or Table E.3) is at the manufacturer’s option unless a specific typeof treatment, consistent with Table C.3 footnote b or Table E.3footnote b, is specified on the purchase agreement.


9.3.3 API Specification 5CT – 6.2.3When requested by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall produceevidence to show that the tempering practice will result in the pipeattaining the minimum tempering temperature.9.3.4 API Specification 5CT – 6.3.6Gag-press straightening or hot rotary-straightening at 400 ºC (750 ºF) minimum at the end of rotary-straightening is acceptable(unless a higher minimum temperature is specified on thepurchase agreement). If hot rotary-straightening is not possible,the product may be cold rotary-straightened provided it is thenstress-relieved at 510 ºC (950 ºF) or higher. Product may be coldrotary-straightened without subsequent stress-relieving only byagreement between purchaser and manufacturer.



All About Temperature6.2.3 Group 2When requested by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall produce evidence to show that the tempering practice will result in the pipe attaining the minimum tempering temperature. Grade L80 13Cr may be subject to embrittlement when tempered below 620 °C (1 150 ºF). When all product meets the requirements in 7.3, 7.4.5, 7.5.3 and 10.7, no further precautions are necessary.

6.3.3 Grades M65 and L80Grades M65 and L80 product rotary-straightened at temperaturesless than 480 °C (900 oF) shall not contain roll marks that exceed the maximum hardness specified in Table C.5 product with severe roll marksshall be either rejected or stress-relieved at 480 °C (900 ºF) minimum.


6.3.4 Grades C90 and T95Grades C90 and T95 product may be subjected to cold rotary-straightening if, subsequent to the cold rotary straightening operation, the pipe is heated to a minimum temperature of 480 °C (900 ºF) for stress-relieving. When necessary, light gag-straightening for Grades C90 and T95 shall be permitted.Additional requirements for PSL-2 and PSL-3 products are specified in Annex H.


6.3.5 Grade C110Product, when necessary, shall be either cold rotary straightened followed by stress relief at 30 °C to 55 °C (50 ºF to 100 ºFF) below the final specified tempering temperature, or hot rotary straightened with an exittemperature not more than 165 °C (300 ºF) below the final specified tempering temperature. When necessary, light gag straightening shall be permitted.

6.3.6 Grade Q125Gag-press straightening or hot rotary-straightening at 400 °C (750 ºF) minimum at the end of rotary-straightening is acceptable (unless a higher minimum temperature is specified on the purchase agreement). If hot rotarystraightening is not possible, the product may be cold rotary-straightened provided it is then stress-relieved at 510 °C (950 ºF) or higher. Product may be cold rotary-straightened without subsequent stress-relieving only by agreement between purchaser and manufacturer.


9.3.4 API Specification 5CT – 6.3.6Gag-press straightening or hot rotary-straightening at 400 ºC (750 ºF) minimum at the end of rotary-straightening is acceptable(unless a higher minimum temperature is specified on thepurchase agreement). If hot rotary-straightening is not possible,the product may be cold rotary-straightened provided it is thenstress-relieved at 510 ºC (950 ºF) or higher. Product may be coldrotary-straightened without subsequent stress-relieving only byagreement between purchaser and manufacturer.

10.4 Tensile tests10.4.1 Stress-relief temperature .– All grades except C110For the purpose of tensile test frequency, stress-relief of tempered products shall not be considered .“heat treatment.” provided the stress-relief temperature is at least 55 °C (100 ºF) below the final tempering temperature.

9.3.5 API Specification 5CT – 7.1For Grade C110 the manufacturer shall inform the purchaser at thetime of inquiry of the minimum and maximum concentrations forall elements intentionally added to each heat, regardless of thepurpose of the addition.9.3.6 API Specification 5CT – 9.2.1When heat treatment is not stipulated on the purchase agreement,Grade H40 pipe shall be furnished with Grade H40, J55 or K55couplings which are either as-rolled, normalised, normalised andtempered, or quenched and tempered.


9.3.7 API Specification 5CT – 9.2.2When heat treatment is not stipulated on the purchase agreement,Grade J55 pipe shall be furnished with Grade J55 or K55 couplingswhich are either as-rolled, normalised, normalised and tempered,or quenched and tempered.9.3.8 API Specification 5CT – 9.2.3When heat treatment is not stipulated on the purchase agreement,Grade K55 pipe shall be furnished with Grade K55 couplings whichare either as-rolled, normalised, normalised and tempered, orquenched and tempered.


9.3.9 API Specification 5CT – 10.3.1For Groups 1, 2 (except Grade C110) and 3, when requested by thepurchaser, the manufacturer shall furnish a report giving the heatanalysis of each heat of steel used in the manufacture of productspecified on the purchase agreement. In addition the purchaser,upon request, shall be furnished the results of quantitativeanalyses for other elements used by the manufacturer to controlmechanical properties.9.3.10 API Specification 5CT – 10.3.1For Grades C110 and Q125, the manufacturer shall furnish a reportgiving the heat analysis of each heat of steel used in themanufacture of product specified on the purchase agreement. Thereport shall include quantitative analyses for other elements usedby the manufacturer to control mechanical properties.


9.3.11 API Specification 5CT – 13.2A record of heat control tests shall be available to the purchaser.9.3.12 API Specification 5CT – Annex H.4The manufacturer shall inform the purchaser at the time of inquiryof the minimum and maximum concentrations for all elementsintentionally added to each heat, regardless of the purpose of theaddition.9.3.13 API Specification 5CT – Annex H.9.2If requested by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall for each heatdemonstrate that the product meets or exceeds the 80 % SMYSthreshold using test Method A in accordance with ANSI-NACETM0177-2005. The test solution shall have a pH of 3,5 and a partialpressure of H2S of 10 kPa (1.5 psi).


9.4 PROCESS CONTROL9.4.1 API Specification 5CT – Annex H.9.1By agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer, thenumber of specimens per lot required may be reduced to no lessthan one with a process control plan that is sufficient to ensurethat the product meets or exceeds the 90 % YSmin threshold.9.4.2 API Specification 5CT – Annex H.14.1The manufacturer shall apply a process control plan which hasbeen demonstrated to the satisfaction of the purchaser assufficient to ensure that each pipe body, each upset and eachcoupling has mechanical properties conforming to therequirements of this Standard. If this condition is not fulfilled, eachpipe body, each upset and each coupling shall be surface hardnesstested. Hardness minimum and maximum values, when notspecified in this Standard, shall be in accordance with themanufacturer’s specifications or by agreement between thepurchaser and the manufacturer.


9.5 STRAIGHTENINGAPI Specification 5CT – Annex H.3.2Gag press straightening or hot rotary straightening [400 ºC (750ºF) minimum at end of rotary straightening unless a higherminimum temperature is specified on the purchase agreement] isacceptable. If hot rotary straightening is not possible, the pipe maybe cold rotary straightened provided it is then stress-relieved at510 ºC (950 ºF) or higher.


9.6 THREADS9.6.1 API Specification 5CT – 8.12.5For Grade C110 the pin and box threads shall be abrasive-blasted,unless processed by any appropriate technique, including thethreading process, which has been agreed between the purchaserand manufacturer to be sufficient to avoid the presence ofmaterial susceptible to detaching or causing galling duringconnection make-up.9.6.2 API Specification 5CT – Annex H.10Pin threads shall be abrasive-blasted, unless processed by anyappropriate technique, including the threading process, which hasbeen agreed between the purchaser and manufacturer to besufficient to avoid the presence of material susceptible todetaching or causing galling during make-up.


9.6.3 API Specification 5CT – Annex H.12Box threads shall be abrasive-blasted, unless processed by anyappropriate technique, including the threading process, which hasbeen agreed between the purchaser and manufacturer to besufficient to avoid the presence of material susceptible todetaching or causing galling during make-up.


9.7 THREAD TREATMENT9.7.1 API Specification 5CT – 8.14.1A thread compound shall be applied to cover the full surface onthe engaged thread of either the coupling or pipe before makingup the connection. Application on both coupling and pipe may beagreed between purchaser and manufacturer. Unless otherwisespecified by the purchaser, the thread compound shall conform toISO 13678 or API RP 5A3.9.7.2 API Specification 5CT – 9.15Thread surface treatment shall be as specified on the purchaseagreement.


9.7.3 API Specification 5CT – 12.2.1The entity performing the threading shall apply external andinternal thread protectors that meet the requirements of Annex Iunless otherwise specified on the purchase agreement.9.7.4 API Specification 5CT – 12.2.3By agreement between purchaser and manufacturer, open-ended,driftable protectors may be supplied. Thread compound shallcover the entire thread and seal surfaces of the connection.


9.7.5 API Specification 5CT – Annex F.4.2.6For buttress casing in all sizes and grades and for round threadcasing in sizes label 1 16 and larger in grades H40, J55, K55 andM65, the make-up triangle shall be stamped on the outside ofeach length on both ends. By agreement between purchaser andmanufacturer, the make-up triangle may be replaced with atransverse white paint band 10 mm (3/8 in) wide by 76 mm (3 in)long. To assist in locating the triangle or transverse white paintband on buttress casing, a 25 mm (1 in) wide by 610 mm (24 in)long longitudinal white paint stripe shall be placed adjacent to thetriangle or transverse paint band on the field end; additionally, a25 mm (1 in) wide by 100 mm (4 in) long longitudinal white paintstripe shall be placed adjacent to the triangle or transverse paintband on the mill end.


9.7.6 API Specification 5CT – Annex I.1.2The thread-protector manufacturer shall document the designcriteria, evaluation data and installation procedures todemonstrate compliance with these requirements. Thisinformation shall be available upon request to both the protectorpurchaser and/or the tubular user.


9.7.7 API Specification 5CT – Annex I.1.3The thread-protector manufacturer shall design the protector tobe used in conjunction with API and/or SF thread forms. Threadprotectordesign shall assist in minimizing corrosion that can resultfrom moisture intrusion or entrapment. The protectors shall becapable of a snug-up fit with the face of the pin or coupling asapplicable (no gap). The use of a gasket-type insert in the pin-endprotector is acceptable by agreement between the manufacturerand purchaser.


9.8 WELDING9.8.1 API Specification 5CT – 6.1Pipe furnished to this Standard shall be made by the seamless orelectric-weld process as shown in Table C.3 or Table E.3 and asspecified on the purchase agreement.9.8.2 API Specification 5CT – Annex A.6.1Casing (Grades P110 and Q125) and tubing (Grade P110) may beproduced by the electric-weld process only when detailed qualitycontrol provisions are jointly agreed by purchaser andmanufacturer prior to the manufacture of the pipe. Tensile, impactand hardness testing shall be performed as frequently as requiredfor seamless pipe.


10.0 MARKING REQUIREMENTS

10.1 MARKING REQUIREMENTS10.1.1 API Specification 5CT – 6.4.2The serial number shall be marked on products as specified below.It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to maintain theidentification of material until it is received by the purchaser.


10.1.2 API Specification 5CT – 10.15.18If a defect is not removed from coupling stock and accessorymaterial within acceptable limits, then the area shall be marked toindicate the presence of a defect. The marking shall consist of apaint band encircling the tube body that covers the entire defectarea if this area is equal to or less than 50 mm (2 in) in axial length,or bands in a cross-hatched pattern if this area is greater than50 mm (2 in) in length. The band colour shall be as agreedbetween the purchaser and manufacturer.10.1.3 API Specification 5CT – 11.1.4Products shall be marked by stencilling, or a combination ofstencilling and stamping, at the option of the manufacturer, asstipulated― by agreement between purchaser and manufacturer, stampingcan be required, in which case a combination of stamping andstencil marking shall be used;


10.1.4 API Specification 5CT – 11.1.10Other additional markings are allowed and may be applied asdesired by the manufacturer or as requested by the purchaser, butshall be applied after the markings specified in Table C.48 orTable E.48.10.1.5 API Specification 5CT – 11.1.11Marking for coupling material and accessory material shall bespecified on the purchase agreement or, in the case of couplingmaterial, in the manufacturer’s internal marking requirements butshall be traceable to, as a minimum, this Standard, themanufacturer, the date of manufacture and the grade. When the purchase agreement specifies marking with colour bands thesebands shall be consistent with Table C.46 or Table E.46.10.1.6 API Specification 5CT – 11.2.4When specified on the purchase agreement, products shall bestamped by one or more of the methods in 11.2.1 at the option ofthe manufacturer.


10.1.7 API Specification 5CT – 11.2.5When specified on the purchase agreement, products shall bestamped by one or more of the methods in 11.2.1 at the option ofthe manufacturer. In addition, the following apply

Grade R95 and Group 2 (except Grades C90, T95 and C110)products shall be heat-treated subsequent to using method 2 in11.2.1.

Grades C90, T95, C110 and Q125 products shall be heat-treatedsubsequent to using methods 2 and 4 in 11.2.1, with thefollowing exceptions- stamping of the make-up triangle;- when the stamp markings are removed by cropping or by

grinding, machining, threading to a depth not less than twice thedepth of the stamping;

- by agreement between purchaser and manufacturer, the stampmarks may be left in the product.


11.2 Stamp marking requirements11.2.1 MethodsPermitted methods of stamp marking are as follows:After stamp marking, Grade R95, Group 2 and Group 4 products may require subsequent heat treatment as specified in 11.2.5. Such heat treatment shall be in accordance with 6.2. The sequence of stamp markings shall be as shown in Table C.48 or Table E.48.


10.1.8 API Specification 5CT – 11.2.6For buttress casing in all sizes and grades and for round threadcasing in sizes Label 1 16 and larger in Grades H40, J55, K55 andM65, the make-up triangle shall be stamped on the outside ofeach length on both ends. By agreement between purchaser andmanufacturer, the make-up triangle may be replaced with atransverse white paint band 10 mm (3/8 in) wide by 76 mm (3 in)long.


10.1.9 API Specification 5CT – 11.4.1Each product shall be colour-coded as specified in 11.4.2 to 11.4.6,unless otherwise specified on the purchase agreement.10.1.10 API Specification 5CT – Annex F.4.1.4Products shall be marked by stencilling, or a combination ofstencilling and stamping, at the option of the manufacturer, asstipulated.By agreement between purchaser and manufacturer, stamping canbe required, in which case a combination of stamping and stencilmarking shall be used


10.1.11 API Specification 5CT – Annex F.4.1.6It is allowable to place additional markings for other compatiblestandards following the required marking sequence. Suchmarkings are at the option of the manufacturer or as requested bythe purchaser.10.1.12 API Specification 5CT – Annex F.4.1.10Other additional markings are allowed and may be applied asdesired by the manufacturer or as requested by the purchaser, butshall be applied after the markings specified in Table C.61 or TableE.61.10.1.13 API Specification 5CT – Annex F.4.2.4When specified on the purchase agreement, products shall bestamped by one or more of the methods in F.2.1 at the option ofthe manufacturer.


10.1.14 API Specification 5CT – Annex F.4.2.5When specified on the purchase agreement, products may bestamped by one or more of the methods in F.2.1 at the option ofthe manufacturer.

Grade R95 and group 2 (except grades C90, T95 and C110) shallbe heat-treated subsequent to using method 2 in F.2.1.

Grades C90, T95, C110 and Q125 products shall be heat-treatedsubsequent to using methods 2 and 4 in F.2.1, with the followingexceptions-the make-up triangle mark;-when the stamp markings are removed by grinding, machining,threading or cropping to a depth not less than twice the depthof the stamping;-when not removing the stamping is by agreement betweenpurchaser and manufacturer.


10.1.15 API Specification 5CT – Annex F.4.4.1Each product shall be colour-coded as described in F.4.2 to F.4.6,unless otherwise specified on the purchase agreement.


11.0 INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS11.1 INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS11.1.1 API Specification 5CT – 8.12.4Product threads, gauging practice and thread inspection shallconform to the requirements of API Spec 5B. Product ends shallnot be rounded out by hammering but may be slightly shaped tosecure conformance with threading requirements. For grade C90and higher strength grades this shaping shall only be carried out ifagreed with the purchaser.


11.1.2 API Specification 5CT – 9.12.2All couplings shall be inspected on the outside and inside surfacesafter finish machining and before any inside or outside surfaceplating, using the wet fluorescent magnetic particle method inaccordance with ISO 13665 or ASTM E709 with a circumferentiallyoriented magnetic field for the detection of longitudinal surfaceimperfections, or by other non-destructive method of equalsensitivity as demonstrated to the purchaser.11.1.3 API Specification 5CT – 9.12.3By agreement between purchaser and manufacturer, NDE ofGrades H40, J55 and K55 couplings may be waived. However, inthis case, the couplings shall be inspected visually on the outsideand inside surfaces after finish machining and before plating, andshall be free from all visible seams, cracks and porosity.


11.1.4 API Specification 5CT – 10.15.1If the provisions for purchaser inspection of pipe and/orwitnessing of NDE operations are stated on the purchaseagreement, they shall be in accordance with Annex B.

11.1.5 API Specification 5CT – 10.15.11For API round thread pup joints in size designations listed inTable C.2 or Table E.2 in Group 1, Group 2 Grades L80 andGroup 3, the required inspections, unless otherwise agreed uponbetween purchaser and manufacturer.

11.1.6 API Specification 5CT – 10.15.12 Coupling stock shall be inspected for longitudinal and transverseimperfections on the inside surface using ultrasonic shear-wavetechniques to acceptance level L3 with a maximum notch length of25 mm (1 in). By agreement between the purchaser andmanufacturer, alternative NDE methods which demonstrate thecapability to detect the reference indicators may be used.


11.1.7 API Specification 5CT – 10.15.13Grade C110 pipe, with the ends treated in accordance with10.15.13 b), shall be inspected after end finishing (and beforecoupling installation on threaded and coupled tubulars) using thewet magnetic particle method, or a method agreed between thepurchaser and manufacturer.11.1.8 API Specification 5CT – 13.2The manufacturer shall, upon request by the purchaser, furnish tothe purchaser a certificate of compliance stating that the materialhas been manufactured, sampled, tested and inspected inaccordance with this Standard and has been found to meet therequirements.Additional requirements for PSL-2 and PSL-3 product are given inAnnex H.


11.1.9 API Specification 5CT – 13.4Tests and inspections requiring retention of records in thisStandard are shown in Table C.49 or Table E.49. Such records shallbe retained by the manufacturer and shall be available to thepurchaser on request for a period of three years after the date ofpurchase from the manufacturer.11.1.10 API Specification 5CT – Annex A.4.3Coupling blanks that will not be fully machined by either themanufacturer or the purchaser shall be inspected and meet thesame requirements as finished couplings. Coupling blanks that willbe fully machined by either the manufacturer or the purchasermay have imperfections on the as-rolled surface; however, themachined surface shall meet the surface inspection criteria of 9.12and be to the specified dimensions.


11.1.11 API Specification 5CT – Annex A.6.5.5The inspection equipment shall be adjusted to produce a well definedindication from each reference indicator when thereference standard is scanned by the inspection system(s).Responses from the notches and hole shall meet the requiredsystem(s) sensitivity level. Outside-wall and inside-wall notches ofreduced length may be used by agreement between the purchaserand manufacturer.11.1.12 API Specification 5CT – Annex A.8.1The inspection shall be by the wet fluorescent magnetic particlemethod, using a circumferentially oriented magnetic field, or byanother non-destructive method of equal sensitivity asdemonstrated to the purchaser. The inspection shall encompassboth the inside and outside surfaces. The inspection shall excludethe dry magnetic particle method.


11.1.13 API Specification 5CT – Annex A.14.2The inspection equipment shall be adjusted to produce a well definedindication from each reference indicator when thereference standard is scanned by the inspection system(s).Responses from the notches and hole shall meet the requiredsystem(s) sensitivity level. Outside-wall and inside-wall notches ofreduced length may be used by agreement between the purchaserand manufacturer.

11.1.14 API Specification 5CT – Annex B.1 Inspection noticeIf the inspector representing the purchaser desires to inspect theproduct or witness a test, reasonable notice shall be given of thetime at which the run is intended to be made.


11.1.15 API Specification 5CT – Annex B.4 RejectionUnless otherwise provided, material which shows defects oninspection or subsequent to acceptance at manufacturer's works,or which proves defective when properly applied in service, maybe rejected, and the manufacturer so notified. If tests that requirethe destruction of material are made, any product which is proven not to meet the requirements of this Standard shall be rejected.Disposition of rejected product shall be a matter of agreementbetween purchaser and manufacturer.


11.1.16 API Specification 5CT – Annex H.18.3The pipe ends shall be either treated in accordance with 10.15.13a) or c), or inspected after end finishing (and before couplinginstallation on threaded and coupled tubulars) using the wetmagnetic-particle method, or a method agreed between purchaserand manufacturer.11.1.17 API Specification 5CT – Annex H.18.4.4Coupling stock shall be inspected for longitudinal and transverseimperfections on the inside surface using ultrasonic shear-wavetechniques to acceptance level L4. By agreement between thepurchaser and manufacturer, alternative NDE methods whichdemonstrate the capability to detect the reference indicators maybe used.


Annex H(normative)Product Specification Levels


H.1 GeneralThis annex describes Product Specification Level (PSL) requirements for PSL-2 and PSL-3, for all Grades except H-40, L-80 9Cr and C110, that maybe specified by the purchaser.

Higher PSL requirements may be furnished at the option of the manufacturer. The requirements for PSL-2 and PSL-3 are in addition to those for PSL-1, which are the basis of this Standard. All requirements for PSL-3 are in addition to requirements for PSL-2, except as otherwise indicated by PSL-3 requirements. Accordingly, in the body of this Standard, clauses and sub-clauses that give additional PSL-3 requirements are identified as only PSL-3. Those clauses and sub-clauses that give PSL-2 requirements are identified as both PSL-2 and PSL-3.

Table H.1, at the end of this annex, is a reference table for PSL-2 and PSL-3 requirements. NOTE The numbers in parentheses following titles to clauses and sub-clauses in this annex are the paragraph numbers in the body of this Standard which are amended by the requirements of the PSL.


Table H.1 .— Reference table for PSL-2 and PSL-3 requirements


Example Grade C90 PSL2H3.1/ 6.3.4

6.3.4 Grades C90 and T95Grades C90 and T95 product may be subjected to cold rotary-straightening if, subsequent to the cold rotary straightening operation, the pipe is heated to a minimum temperature of 480°C (900 °F) for stress-relieving. When necessary, light gag-straightening for Grades C90 and T95 shall be permitted. Additional requirements for PSL-2 and PSL-3 products are specified in Annex H.

H.3.1 Grades C90 and T95 (6.3.4)Product, when necessary, shall be either cold rotary straightened followed by stress relief at 30 °C to 55°C (50°F to 100°F) (= 591~566°C) below the final specified temper temperature, or hot rotary straightened with an exit temperature not more than 165°C (300°F) (≥456°C) below the final specified temper temperature. When necessary, light gag straightening shall be permitted.


Table C.3 .— Process of manufacture and heat treatment


H.2 Heat treatmentH.2.1 Grade J55 and K55, PSL-2 (6.2.2)Product shall be full-body, full-length normalised, normalised and tempered or quenched and tempered. Upset product shall be full-body, full-lengthnormalised, normalised and tempered or quenched and tempered afterupsetting. Product processed through a hot-stretch mill (that is, stretchreduced product) shall be considered normalised provided:

1) the exit temperature is above the upper critical temperature (Ar3) for the steel being processed and

2) the product is air-cooled.

H.2.2 Grade N80Q, PSL-3 (6.2.2)Only Grade N80Q shall be furnished for PSL-3.


H.3 Straightening, PSL-2H.3.1 Grades C90 and T95 (6.3.4)Product, when necessary, shall be either cold rotary straightened followed by stress relief at 30°C to 55°C (50 °F to 100°F) below the final specifiedtemper temperature, or hot rotary straightened with an exit temperature notmore than 165 °C (300 °F) below the final specified temper temperature.When necessary, light gag straightening shall be permitted.

H.3.2 Grades R95 and P110 (6.3.1, 6.3.3)Gag press straightening or hot rotary straightening [400°C (750°F) minimum at end of rotary straightening unless a higher minimum temperature is specified on the purchase agreement] is acceptable. If hot rotary straightening is not possible, the pipe may be cold rotary straightened provided it is then stress-relieved at 510 °C (950°F) or higher.


H.4 Chemical composition Grades C90 and T95, PSL-3 (7.1)The manufacturer shall inform the purchaser at the time of inquiry of the minimum and maximum concentrations for all elements intentionally added to each heat, regardless of the purpose of the addition.

H.5 Yield strength .— Grade Q125, PSL-3 (7.2.3)The maximum yield strength shall be 965 MPa (140 ksi).


H.6 Charpy V-notch testsH.6.1 Charpy V-notch test properties .— General requirements, Grades N80 Type 1, N80Q, L80 Type 1, C90, R95, T95, P110 and Q125, PSL-2 (7.3.1)

Eithera) the minimum shear area shall be 75 %, in accordance with ASTM E23 orb) the manufacturer may use a documented procedure (taking into account, as a minimum, variations in chemistry, diameter and wall thickness) together with the impact test results to demonstrate that the upper shelf behaviour isAchieved If the minimum shear area is less than 75 % or if the requirementsof b) are not met, then either the material shall be rejected or a transitioncurve shall be made to demonstrate that the product is on the upper shelf atthe specified test temperature (either the standard test temperature or areduced test temperature specified by the purchaser).


H.6.2 Charpy V-notch .— Absorbed energy requirements for pipe, PSL-2H.6.2.1 All grades except M65 and Q125 (7.5.1 and 7.5.3)Impact testing shall be carried out in accordance with A.10 SR16. The test temperature shall be 21°C (70°F) for Grades J55 and K55 and 0 °C (32 °F) for all other grades, or a lower temperature by agreement betweenpurchaser and manufacturer.

H.6.2.2 Grade Q125 (7.5.4)Statistical impact testing is required in accordance with A.7 SR12.


H.7 Hardenability .— Minimum percentage martensite required for quenched and tempered productsH.7.1 Grade L80 Type 1, PSL-2 (7.10.3)A full-body as-quenched sample shall be taken in accordance with a documented procedure to confirm sufficient hardening for each size, mass,chemical composition, and austenitise and quench combination. To be incompliance with this Standard, the mean hardness numbers (see 10.6.10)obtained during the documented procedure shall equal or exceed thehardness corresponding to 90 % minimum martensite, as determined byEquation (H.1):

HRCmin = 58 × (% carbon) + 27 (H.1)


H.7.2 Grades C90 AND T95, PSL-3 (7.10.1)The mean hardness numbers obtained as specified in 7.10.1 shall equal or exceed the hardness corresponding to a minimum of 95 % martensite as determined by Equation H.2:

HRCmin = 59 × (% carbon) + 29 (H.2)

For product with a wall thickness of 30 mm (1.181 in) or larger, an alternative requirement may be used by agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.


H.8 Inside surface preparation .— Grade L80 13Cr, PSL-2 (7.12)The pipe inside surface properties shall meet the requirements for Sa 2½ in ISO 8501-1. During surface preparation, any blasting media that may cause surface iron contamination shall not be used.


H.9 Sulfide stress-cracking (SSC) test .— PSL-3H.9.1 Grades C90 and T95 (7.14)If Method A is specified for the SSC test (in accordance with ANSI-NACE TM0177-2005), manufacturers shall, for each lot as defined in 10.2,demonstrate that the product meets or exceeds the 90 % YSmin requirementfor three specimens, one each from the ends of three different productsselected from sub-lots composed of the front onethird, middle one-third andback one-third of the lot. The selection criteria in 7.14.3 shall apply to each ofthe sublots, including the random selection by agreement. A re-test may becarried out if only one of the initial specimens fails. If more than one of theinitial specimens fails, the lot shall be rejected. A retest may be performed ontwo further test specimens taken from an area of the product adjacent towhere the initial failed test specimen was taken. If either of the retestspecimens fails, the lot shall be rejected. Rejected lots may be re-heat treatedand tested as new lots. By agreement between the purchaser andmanufacturer, the number of specimens per lot required may be reduced tono less than one with a process control plan that is sufficient to ensure thatthe product meets or exceeds the 90 % YSmin threshold.


H.9.2 Grade L80 13CrIf requested by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall for each heat demonstrate that the product meets or exceeds the 80 % SMYS threshold using test Method A in accordance with ANSI-NACE TM0177-2005. The testsolution shall have a pH of 3,5 and a partial pressure of H2S of 10 kPa (1.5 psi).


7.14 Sulfide stress cracking test .— Grades C90, T95 and C1107.14.1 General guidanceThe purchaser should refer to ISO 15156-2 or ANSI-NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 for guidance on the usage of Grades C90, T95 and C110. Particularattention should be given to the application of Grade C110 in ISO 15156-2 orANSI-NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 SSC Regions 2 or 3, as this material isnot suitable for all sour (hydrogen sulfide-containing) service applications.NOTE The SSC test is for quality control purposes only and does not qualifythe material for any specific sour service application. It is the product user'sresponsibility to ensure that the product is suitable for the intendedapplication.



7.14.2 Test and re-test requirementsa) Grades C90 and T95: for each lot, as specified by 10.2, manufacturers

shall demonstrate that the product meets or exceeds the minimum SSCrequirement using one of the ANSI-NACE TM0177-2005 test methods given in 7.14.5. If the purchaser requires an SSC requirement higher than the minimum, or requires a specific test method from the list below, agreement shall be reached between purchaser and manufacturer.Additional requirements for PSL-3 products are specified in Annex H.

b) Grade C110: for each lot, as defined in 10.2, manufacturers shall demonstrate that the product meets or exceeds the minimum SSC requirement using ANSI-NACE TM0177-2005 test Method A or test Method D as given in 7.14.5. If the purchaser requires an SSC requirement higher than the minimum or requires a specific test method, agreement shall be reached between the purchaser and manufacturer.

c) For Method A full size tensile test specimens shall be used except wheresub-size tensile specimens are required because of product size constraints.

d) For Method D, a full size DCB specimen shall be used except where sub-size DCB specimens are required because of product size constraints. When Method D sub-size or alternative specimens are required, acceptance criteria shall be agreed between the purchaser and manufacturer.

e) When not specified in this Standard, the details of the manufacturer.’s qualification,frequency of sulfide stresscracking testing, retest procedures and testing practices should be addressed by the purchaser and manufacturer prior to placing or accepting a purchase agreement.


H.10 Processing of pin ends .— All groups, PSL-2 (8.12.5)Pin threads shall be abrasive-blasted, unless processed by any appropriate technique, including the threading process, which has been agreed between the purchaser and manufacturer to be sufficient to avoid the presence of material susceptible to detaching or causing galling during make-up.


H.11 Seal-ring couplings .— All groups, PSL-2 (9.9)Seal-ring grooves shall be machined in the same set-up used to machine the box threads. The seal-ring groove eccentricity shall be no greater than 0,13mm (0.005 in) and shall be verified for each machine set-up. Seal-ring grooveeccentricity is the maximum difference between the values of the distancefrom the root of the seal-ring groove to the minor cone of the coupling threadsin a plane at any location around the circumference.

H.12 Processing of box ends .— All groups, PSL-2 (9.11.1)Box threads shall be abrasive-blasted, unless processed by any appropriate technique, including the threading process, which has been agreed between the purchaser and manufacturer to be sufficient to avoid the presence of material susceptible to detaching or causing galling during make-up.


H.13 Frequency of tensile testing .— Casing and tubing, Grades N80 Type 1, and N80Q, PSL-2 (10.4.3)The frequency of testing shall be the same as for Grade L80 Type 1.


H.14 Hardness testing, PSL-3H.14.1 Hardness test .— Grades N80Q, L80 Type 1, R95, P110 and Q125 (10.6.1, 10.6.4 and 10.6.8)The manufacturer shall apply a process control plan which has been demonstrated to the satisfaction of the purchaser as sufficient to ensure that each pipe body, each upset and each coupling has mechanical properties conforming to the requirements of this Standard. If this condition is not fulfilled, each pipe body, each upset and each coupling shall be surface hardness tested. Hardness minimum and maximum values, when not specified in this Standard, shall be in accordance with the manufacturer.’s specifications or by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

H.14.2 Sampling and test specimen location .— Non-upset pipe, Grades C90 and T95 (10.6.5)A test ring shall be cut from both ends of each pipe.


H.15 Metallographic evaluation for EW pipe .— Grades J55, K55, M65, N80 Type 1, N80Q, L80 Type 1, and R95, PSL-2 (10.11)A metallographic evaluation shall be performed at the beginning of the welding process for each size of tubular, at least every 4 h during the weldingand after any substantial interruption of the welding process. The samplesshall be obtained prior to heat treatment.


Metallographic evaluation Penetrator at fusion line of ERW pipe

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ijmee.20130202.09.html

Metallographic evaluation Typical Microstructure of hot rolled HR coils

Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ijmee.20130202.09.html

Metallographic evaluation



Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong http://www.thefabricator.com/article/shopmanagement/examining-electric-resistance-weld-nuggets-in-tube-and-pipe


Fion Zhang/ Charlie Chong http://www.carkw.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/9.20.12-Report-on-ERW-and-Flash-weld-seams.pdf

H.16 Hydrostatic test .— Grades J55 and K55, PSL-2 (10.12.2)Alternative test pressures shall be used for sizes above Label 1: 9-5/8.


H.17 Wall thickness (10.13.4)H.17.1 All groups, PSL-2Wall thickness shall be measured and recorded over the full length to confirm conformance to the thickness criteria of this Standard. For the surface area covered by the automated system the minimum coverage shall be 25 %.

H.17.2 All groups, PSL-3Wall thickness shall be measured and recorded over the full length, For the surface area covered by the automated system the minimum coverage shallbe 100 %. The minimum measured wall thickness for each pipe shall bereported. Traceability per pipe is only required when specified on thepurchase agreement.


H.18 Non-destructive examination (NDE)H.18.1 Full-body, full-length NDE .— Casing and tubingH.18.1.1 Grades J55 and K55, PSL-2 (10.15.5)All pipe shall be inspected for the detection of longitudinal imperfections on the outside and inside surfaces to acceptance level L4 by one or more of the methods specified in 10.15.5.

H.18.1.2 Grades M65, N80 Type 1 and N80Q, PSL-2 (10.15.5 and 10.15.6)All pipe shall be inspected for the detection of longitudinal and transverse imperfections on the outside and inside surfaces to acceptance level L3 by ultrasonic or EMI testing in accordance with A.2 SR1.


H.18.1.3 Grades L80 Type 1, L80 13CR, and R95, PSL-2 (10.15.6)All pipe shall be inspected for the detection of both longitudinal and transverse imperfections on the outside and inside surfaces to acceptance level L2 by one or more of the methods specified in 10.15.8. Magnetic particletesting is only allowed as a second full-length inspection.

H.18.1.4 Grades J55, K55, and M65, PSL-3 (10.15.5 and 10.15.6)All pipe shall be inspected for the detection of both longitudinal and transverse imperfections on the outside and inside surfaces to acceptancelevel L2 by one or more of the methods specified in 10.15.6 a, b, or c.Magnetic particle testing is only allowed as a second full-length inspection.


H.18.1.5 Grades N80Q, L80 Type 1, L80 13CR, R95, and P110, and P110 A.10 SR16, PSL-3 (10.15.6, 10.15.7and 10.15.8)All pipe shall be inspected for the detection of both longitudinal and transverse imperfections on the outside and inside surfaces to acceptance level L2 in accordance with ISO 9303 or ASTM E213 (longitudinal) and ISO 9305 or ASTM E213 (transverse).In addition, all pipe shall be inspected for the detection of imperfections on the outside surface by one of the methods in 10.15.9.

H.18.2 NDE of the weld seam of welded pipe .— Grades K55 and M65, PSL-2 (10.15.10)The weld seam inspection required by this Standard shall be performed after the hydrostatic test using ultrasonic test methods.


H.18.3 NDE of pipe ends .— All groups, PSL-3 (10.15.13)The pipe ends shall be either treated in accordance with 10.15.13 a) or c), or inspected after end finishing (and before coupling installation on threaded and coupled tubulars) using the wet magnetic-particle method, or a method agreed between purchaser and manufacturer.

H.18.4 NDE of coupling stock .— Groups 1 (Grade R95 only), 2, 3 and 4, PSL-2 (10.15.11)H.18.4.1 Permitted imperfections before machiningCoupling stock for couplings that will be fully machined may have imperfections on the unmachined surfaces, however the final machined surfaces shall meet the specified dimensions and the surface inspection criteria of 9.12.


H.18.4.2 Further evaluationCoupling stock containing imperfections may be given further evaluation in accordance with 10.15.15, except the maximum size of the non-surface-reaking imperfection specified in 8.13.1 c) shall be reduced to 32 mm2 (0.05in2). Coupling stock containing defects shall either be given disposition inaccordance with 10.15.18, or the section of coupling stock containing thedefect shall be cut off within the limits of the requirements on length specified=on the coupling stock purchase agreement.

H.18.4.3 Ultrasonic testing .— Through-wallCoupling stock shall be inspected full-body, full-length from the outside surface using ultrasonic compressionwave techniques to detect and identifyimperfections. The reference indicator shall be a 6,4 mm (1/4 in) flat bottomedround hole from the inside surface as shown in Figure D.16 d. The minimumcoverage shall be 25 % of the inspected surface, see 10.15.4 a).


H.18.4.4 Ultrasonic testing .— Inside surfaceCoupling stock shall be inspected for longitudinal and transverse imperfections on the inside surface using ultrasonic shear-wave techniques to acceptance level L4. By agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer,alternative NDE methods which demonstrate the capability to detect the reference indicators may be used.

H.18.5 NDE of coupling stock .— Groups 1 (Grade R95 only), 2, 3 and 4, PSL-3 (10.15.11)H.18.5.1 Minimum coverageCoupling stock shall be inspected in accordance with H.18.4.3, except the minimum coverage shall be 100 %.

H.18.5.2 Acceptance levelCoupling stock shall be inspected in accordance with H.18.4.4, except the acceptance level shall be L3 with amaximum notch length of 25 mm (1 in).


H.19 Certification requirements .— Groups 1, 2 and 3, PSL-2 (13.2)Certification shall be provided by the manufacturer for all product shipped. The requirements of A.9 SR15 shall apply.

H.20 Non-metallic seal ring .— All groups, PSL-2 (A.8.2)Unless otherwise specified on the purchase agreement, seal rings for field-end box threads shall be shipped separately in a sealed package labelled with the quantity, connection description, connection manufacturer, dateinspected, and date packaged.



ISO 9303:1989 Seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) steel tubes for pressure purposes -- Full peripheral ultrasonic testing for the detection of longitudinal imperfections

API 5CT


ERW


4. Interpretation/Evaluation• Image-object relationships• Material considerations• Codes, standards, and specifications

5. Procedures• Imaging considerations• Film processing• Viewing of radiographs• Judging radiographic quality

6. Safety and Health• Exposure hazards• Methods of controlling radiation exposure• Operation and emergency procedures



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