my favorite d&s schedules -...

36
Lecture 1(ii) Announcements 1. HW1 due Tues 11:45 pm c.s.t at Aplia. 2. Should have found the reading assignments for this week on Moodle. Textbook Ch 1,2 and Reading 1 (covering today) 3. Large Lectures MWF 9:05&10:10

Upload: trinhcong

Post on 06-Feb-2018

213 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

Lecture 1(ii)Announcements

1. HW1 due Tues 11:45 pm c.s.t at Aplia.

2. Should have found the reading assignments for this week on Moodle. Textbook Ch 1,2 and Reading 1 (covering today)

3. Large Lectures MWF 9:05&10:10 Next Friday, we will have an experiment during class time. Don’t come to class, stay home (or anywhere on campus) and log into Aplia. Other Lectures: Your instructor will announce time of experiment.

Page 2: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

Lecture

1. Auctions: A “Warm-Up” to Supply and Demand(and a few experiments)

2: Wholesale Electricity Auctions in the United Kingdom

3. Shifts in Demand and Changes in the Auction Price

Page 3: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

1. Auctions

An important form of market exchange o treasury billso cell phone spectra (upcoming auction for unused TV spectrum to reallocate to cell phones will raise tens of billions of dollars).

And relatively easy to see how they work (so good warm up)

Let’s discuss a few types and and illustrate them with experiments.

Page 4: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

Can be single-sided where just one side of the market submit bidso Example just buyers submit?

o Example where just sellers submit?

Can be double-sided where both sides submit. o Experimental auctions next week one example.o UK power auctions

Page 5: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

Can beo Pay-as-bid (if bidder wins, price is as bid)

o Uniform Price (bids determine who wins, but price is same for all winning bids. More on this below)

Do a few experiments. Illustrate:

1) that economists sometimes do research through experiments

2) get you ready for the experiments next week

3) get you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

Page 6: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

Experiment I: single-sided, sellers submit bids, sealed bid, pay as bid.

A buyer needs a book

There are three sellers, i=1,2,3 The buyer has a reserve price

(won’t pay any more than this) w(i) is the wholesale price of

seller i (seller's cost) seller i submits price p(i) (sealed

bid) sale goes to the lowest bidder at

this bid (if below reserve price) If bidder i gets sale, has profit of

p(i) − w(i)

Page 7: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

A word about currency...This is a global perspectives class, so the currency is Euros.

Let’s ask Google the exchange rate

Page 8: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

Auction outcome:Buyer reservation price €80 Seller costs: w1 = € w2 = € w3 = €

Bids:

Winner is BidderSelling price is winner’s bid of

Profit to Bidder ___ is

Page 9: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

Foreign exchange desk here today.Better rates than at airport!

Page 10: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

A Tradeoff: What are the costs and benefits of submitting a low bid?

Page 11: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

Experiment 2: Role of competition Let’s set up a

situation where bidders know each others’ costs)

Costs w1 = w2 = w3 =

(i) Sale price with three bidders?

(ii) Sale price with one bidder?

Page 12: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

Experiment 3: Role of CollusionSet up similar to Ex. 2 with three bidders.Are there three people in the class who are friends. (Or maybe would like to be friends....)

Page 13: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

2. Electricity Auction in UK

Page 14: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

Independent System Operator

1. Receives offers to sell from Suppliers

“I will sell 10 Megawatt hours for £25 from 11:00-11:30…”

2. Sees forecast of demand

3. Picks P, Q and Who

Rules: Sort bids by price, set price equal to last need to meet demand. Use uniform price auction format in this example.

Page 15: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

Hourly Electricity Market:Friday, 16:00

Buyer: submits quantity demanded (Qd=6)

Sellers: submit bidsSeller Name Sell Price for 1 MHd

(£ per MWhS1 30S2 5S3 50S4 10S5 20S6 25S7 5S8 10S9 50S10 15

Page 16: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

First task of ISO (Independent System Operator): Sort Bids (lowest to highest

Rank Seller Name

Sell Price

In?

Page 17: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

First task of ISO (Independent System Operator): Sort Bids (lowest to highest

Rank Seller Name

Sell Price

In?

1 S2 5 x2 S7 5 x3 S4 10 x4 S8 10 x5 S10 15 x

Qd = 6 S5 20 x7 S6 258 S1 309 S3 5010 S9 50

Page 18: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

Can Do it with a Graph:

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Q

Page 19: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

First task of ISO (Independent System Operator): Sort Bids (lowest to highest

Rank Seller Name

Sell Price

In?

1 S2 5 x2 S7 5 x3 S4 10 x4 S8 10 x5 S10 15 x

Qd = 6 S5 20 x7 S6 258 S1 309 S3 5010 S9 50

Page 20: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

Can Do it with a Graph:

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Q

Page 21: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

What happens to price throughout the day?

Suppose seller bids the same.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Q

D16 S

Megawatt Hours

Page 22: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

Time Demand Price4:00 (off-peak)

2

10:00 4

16:00 (peak) 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Page 23: My Favorite D&S Schedules - users.econ.umn.eduusers.econ.umn.edu/~holmes/econ1101/lec_1_ii.docx  · Web viewget you ready for the way things work in “Econland” that is coming

Big idea here: Price is high when demand is high.

If extra time, let’s look what is happening in the electricity market in the UK right now,https://www.bmrepo rts.com/bmrs/?q=eds/main

and in Californiahttp://www.caiso.com/Pages/TodaysOutlook.aspx