my 12th biology project 2015-16

7/23/2019 My 12th Biology Project 2015-16

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WELCOME

T O P R O

J E C T



SUB:-BIOLOGY



INTRODUCTIONNAME:-DHANESH SANJAY GHULE

STD:-12th DIV:-SCI

NAME OF COLLEGE:- AMRUTVAHINI

MODEL SCHOOL AND JUNIOR COLLEGE

GUIDANCE:-MISS. SATPUTE D. S.

TOPIC OF PROJECT:-BIOTECHNOLOGY



INTRODUCTION

TO BIOTECHNOLOGY

Biotechnology is a branch ofbiology that deals with the techniques of using live

organisms, enzymes or biological processes to develop

products and provide services for human welfare.



TODAY BIOTECHNOLOGY IS

UNDERGOING RESURGENCE IN THE WIDE

RANGE OF APPLICATIONS.

RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGYRECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY



RECOMBINANT DNATECHNOLOGY

RECOMBINANT DNA

TECHNOLOGY IS THE TECHNIQUEOF MANIPULATING THE GENOME

OF A CELL OR ORGANISM SO AS TO

CHANGE THE PHENOTYPE

DESIRABLY.



FOLLOWING ARE THE BASIC STEPS

INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS;

1. ISOLATING GENOMIC DNA OF A ‘DONOR’.THE CELL

OR ORGANISM FROM WHICH THE REQUIRED GENE IS

TAKEN IS CALLED ‘DONOR’.

2. FRAGMENTING THIS DNA USING “MOLECULAR

SCISSORS”(enzymes).

3. SCREENING THE FRAGMENTS FOR A ‘DESIRED GENE’.

4. INSERTING THE FRAGMENTS WITH DESIRED GENE

INTO A ‘CLONING VECTOR’.

5. INTRODUCING THE RECOMBINANT VECTOR INTO A

COMPETENT HOST CELL.

6. CULTURING THESE CELLS TO OBTAIN MULTIPLE

COPIES OR CLONES OF DESIRED FRAGMENT OF DNA.

7. USING THESE COPIES TO “TRANSFORM” SUITABLE

HOST CELLS SO AS TO EXPRESS THE DESIRED GENE.



TOOLS USED :

ENZYMES :

DIFFERENT ENZYMES USED ARE:

1.RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES

2.DNA LIGASE3.REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

4.DNA POLYMERASE

5. ALKALINE PHOSPHATASES



PROCESS :

DNA TAKEN FROM BOTH THE SOURCES IS

FRAGMENTED BY RESTRICTION

ENDONUCLEASE. THE RESTRICTION

ENZYME CUTS BOTH MOLECULES AT THE SPECIFIC SITE.

THE ENDS OF THE CUT HAVE AN

OVERHANGING PIECE OF SINGLE

STRANDED DNA CALLED “STICKYENDS”



TRANSPOSONS,PLASMIDS AND

BACTERIOPHAGES :

TRANSPOSONS ARE SEQUENCES OF DNA

THAT CAN MOVE OR TRANSPOSE

THEMSELVES TO NEW POSITIONS WITHIN

THE GENOME OF A SINGLE CELL.

[THEYARE ALSO KNOWN AS‘JUMPING

GENES’]

my 12th biology project 2015-16

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