mwh - day 1 - pbworksmrksmodernworld.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/50413395...mwh day 1 agenda goal for...
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MWH - Day 1 -
1. Fill out notecard with:
1. name,
2. email address,
3. textbook number and
4. your computer number
5. do you have regular online access at home?
2. Intro to course and understand homework assignments on google
calendar
A. Homework calendar is reached through - http://mrksmodernworld.pbworks.com/FrontPage
3. Get a computer by assigned number – go to my mrksmodernworld
4. Begin why Study Modern World History project
EU - MWH is a course to help you understand why the world and its people today are as they are.
MWH Day 1 Agenda
Goal for MWH – (why are you required to take this
course?) to understand the world we live in today, (politically, culturally, technologically,
militarily, globally, economically) to understand how and why we got here and to be able to be effective and responsible citizens of the world now and in the future
Everything you learn in this course applies to events today!!
Think about our country: where did the following come from? Sushi Kung-fu (wushu) Democracy Black pepper Decimal numbers Christianity Printed books Civil rights Astronomy Surgical Medicine Understanding of gravity
Think about our country: where did the following come from? Sushi Japan Kung-fu (wushu) China Democracy Greece Black pepper India Decimal numbers Arabia Christianity Jerusalem Printed books Germany Civil rights Persia Astronomy Mesopotamia (now Iraq) Surgical Medicine Egypt Understanding England of gravity
What specifically can we learn from the study of the modern world?
Why study history?
MWH Day 1 Agenda
History is similar to building a house.
You cannot understand certain
events out of context. You must understand what
occurred before in order to move on
and Unit I provides the foundation for understanding the
remaining content of the course
Why Study History? MWH Day 1 Agenda
Why study history?
To learn from good examples
To learn from mistakes made in the past
To understand the world and its people
Notetaking – a Method
Questions to ask in class.
Connections and discussion linking to current events
Indications of bias
Content –
Heading – what is the title of the section?
Subsection heading
Key people
Key events
Explanation of causes and effects
- Or -
Heading
Subsection heading
Key people Key events
causes and effects
SH SH
MWH Day 1 Agenda
MWH Units of Study
Unit 1 : Seeds of Change: Emergence of the First Global Age (1450-1770)
Unit 2: Enlightenment and Revolution (1700-1850)
Unit 3: Industrialism and Imperialism:A New Age- (1800-1914)
Unit 4: World War I: Cause and Effect (World Wars and Revolutions 1910-1920)
Unit 5: Interwar Years:The Road to War-Nationalism and Revolutions Around the World and The Rise of Totalitarianism (1919-1939)
Unit 6: World War II and Cold War (World War II and Its Aftermath
Unit 7: The World Since 1945
SEEDS OF CHANGE: EMERGENCE OF THE 1ST GLOBAL AGE (1450-1770)
Unit I
1.Unit overview
2.Review of project directions
3.Work on current issues project with your
groups
Unit Overview
Current world issues
World Geography and Religions
Renaissance
Reformation
Scientific Revolution
Explorations and the Columbian Exchange
Intro to Enlightenment
Unit Enduring Understandings
1. Geography themes of location, place, movement, human-environment interaction and region are useful tools for understanding history and current events.
2. A society’s values can be seen through their cultural and scientific achievements
3. Challenges to the social and political order frequently come from radical new ideas.
4. Technology, commerce, and religion cause cultures to interact, exchange and conflict with one another.
5. Every society has developed some political system by which either the one, the few, or the many rule over others.
Unit Essential Questions
1. How does geography affect people and societies?
2. How can ideas change the world?
3. What is globalization and when did it begin?
4. What happens when different cultures interact? Why do technology, commerce and religion have an impact on inter-cultural interactions?
5. What is the proper relationship between citizens and their government?
Why study world history project - Using your textbook, chapter 20
and the Epilogue, as well as other sources, complete the following chart for ONE
assigned current global issue. As a group, prepare a brief powerpoint
presentation that will present to the class the information that you have
researched, with examples and citations.
Your presentation must show, in an interesting and engaging manner, the following:
1. A description of the issue, with at least three global examples with specific dates.
2. The locations where the issue manifests. Also, plot the locations on a color-coordinated map of the world in your Unit 1 packet
3. Predictions as to the historical causes – what events in history may have caused these issues?
4. Which Unit or Units of MWH you will find information that will help you understand the issue?
5. A list of the Course Enduring Understandings that connect to this issue.
6. Predictions about past events that can provide lessons for us in the present and near future to help us understand and address the issue.
Chart to complete – each group will complete one chart using your text and research
Topics
C - Environment
D - Human
rights
E - Security
F - Health and
Welfare
B - Technology
A - Trade and
Economics
THE BEGINNING OF THE “MODERN” WORLD
The present informed by the past – Day 2
To understand how the current modern world can be understood by what we will learn in this class 1. Work in groups to put together ppt – unit link for course 2. Present ppt – as audience members take notes in your
graphic organizers.
THE BEGINNING OF THE “MODERN” WORLD
1. Finish Presentations – as you watch , complete your graphic organizer of
these current global issues. What conclusions can you draw about the world
today? How will this course help you understand the world issues today?
35min
2. Themes of Geography – 10min (need to know key world locations – see world
map in unit docs)
3. Share your completed graphic organizer about Religions with the other group
members 5min
1. Compare content – discuss difference and similarities
2. Complete graphic organizer so that all members understand the religion
3. Questions? And review
4. Complete bottom of religion chart – wrap up
A - Geography has an impact on history and its five themes help us understand historical and current events B - Challenges to the existing order come from radical new ideas C - Religion affects how different cultures interact, cooperate, conduct commerce and conflict with each other.
World Religions and Geography – day3
Interactive Map
Africa
Asia
Oceania
Europe
North America
South America
Antarctica
Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Arctic Ocean
USA
UK
China
Russia
Nigeria Brazil
Mexico
Iran
Iraq
1 – Philadelphia 2 – London 3 – Beijing 4 – Sydney 5 – Pretoria 6 – Mumbai 7 - Lima
1
2
3
4 5
6 India
7
What geography theme is represented on this map? How could we show the other themes?
USA UK China Russia Nigeria India Brazil Mexico Iran Iraq
Africa Asia Oceania Europe N. America S. America Antarctica
1. Atlantic Ocean 2. Pacific Ocean 3. Arctic Ocean 4. Indian Ocean
THE BEGINNING OF THE “MODERN” WORLD
Warm-up – list the 5 themes of geography and the 5 religions you have studied – I’ll check homework – Europe map, RS1Q3-4 and printout of Renaissance notes 1. Review Themes of Geography – 2. Review your completed graphic organizer about Religions 3. Complete bottom of religion chart – wrap up – what
conclusions can you draw about religion?
A - Geography has an impact on history and its five themes help us understand historical and current events B - Challenges to the existing order come from radical new ideas C - Religion affects how different cultures interact, cooperate, conduct commerce and conflict with each other.
World Religions, Geography and the Renaissance – day4
Interactive Map
Location
Geographers use latitude and longitude to pinpoint a place’s absolute, or exact, location.
To know the absolute location of a place is only part of the story. It is also important to know how that place is related to other places—in other words, to know that place’s relative location. Relative location deals with the interaction that occurs between and among places.
It refers to the many ways—by land, by water, even by technology—that places are connected.
Place
All places have characteristics that give them meaning and character and distinguish them from other places on earth. Geographers describe places by their physical and human characteristics.
Physical characteristics include such elements as animal life. Human characteristics of the landscape can be noted in architecture, patterns of livelihood, land use and ownership, town planning, and communication and transportation networks.
Languages, as well as religious and political ideologies, help shape the character of a place.
Studied together, the physical and human characteristics of places provide clues to help students understand the nature of places on the earth.
Human/Environment Interaction
The environment means different things to different people, depending on their cultural backgrounds and technological resources.
In studying human/environment interaction, geographers look at all the effects—positive and negative—that occur when people interact with their surroundings.
Sometimes a human act, such as damming a river to prevent flooding or to provide irrigation, requires consideration of the potential consequences.
Movement
People interact with other people, places, and
things almost every day of their lives.
They travel from one place to another; they
communicate with each other; and they rely upon
products, information, and ideas that come from
beyond their immediate environment.
Region
Region is an area on the earth’s surface that is
defined by certain unifying characteristics.
The unifying characteristics may be physical,
human, or cultural. In addition to studying the
unifying characteristics of a region, geographers
study how a region changes over times.
Using the theme of regions, geographers divide the
world into manageable units for study.
World Religions: A Comparison
Hinduism
Name of Deity Three main Gods: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva
Founder No one founder
Holy Book No one book, sacred texts including the Vedas, the Puranas
Leadership Guru, Holy Man, Braham priest
Basic Beliefs The soul never dies but is continually reborn; Persons achieve happiness after freeing themselves of earthly desires,
Freedom from earthly desires comes from lifetime of worship, knowledge, and virtuous acts, achieving the state of
nirvana.
World Religions: A Comparison
Buddhism
Name of Deity The Buddha did not teach a personal deity
Founder Siddhartha Gautama – called the Buddha (means The Enlightened One)
Holy Book No one book—sacred texts including the Perfection of Wisdom Sutra, Tripitaka, Mahayna Sutras
Leadership Buddhist monks and nuns
Basic Beliefs Persons achieve complete peace and happiness (nirvana) by eliminating material possessions; Nirvana achieved by
following the Noble Eightfold Path. Karma is the concept that good begets good and bad begets bad.
World Religions: A Comparison
Christianity
Name of Deity God and Jesus Christ
Founder Jesus Christ and the Apostles
Holy Book Bible (Pentateuch, Prophets, Kings, and Apostles)
Leadership Clergy (priests, ministers, etc.)
Basic Beliefs There is only one God; Jesus Christ was the son of God. He died to save humanity from sin, making eternal life
possible for others; Persons achieve salvation by following teachings of Jesus
World Religions: A Comparison
Islam
Name of Deity God (Allah)
Founder Muhammad
Holy Book Qur’an
Leadership Sunni and Shi’i have different clergy. Imams, mullahs, Caliphs, ayatollahs, hojjat al-islam – collectively called
the Ulama
Basic Beliefs Persons achieve salvation by following the Five Pillars of Islam and living a just life. These pillars are faith, almsgiving, fasting (Ramadan), pilgrimage to Mecca,
and prayer,
Difference between Islam and Muslim…
Islam is the religion and Muslims are people who understand, believe, and practice Islam properly, i.e. according to the text.
Islam is to Christianity what Muslims are to Christians.
World Religions: A Comparison
Judaism
Name of Deity God (Yahweh)
Founder Abraham
Holy Book Hebrew Bible (including the Torah)
Leadership Rabbis
Basic Beliefs There is only one God; God loves and protects his people but also holds people accountable for their sins and shortcomings; Persons serve God by studying the Torah and living by its teachings here on earth in this life; the concept of heaven and hell are not expressly in Torah; major holidays – Rosh Hashana, Yom Kippur, Passover
and Shabbat
Potential religious conflict?
RENAISSANCE – DAY 4
1300-1600
A - Geography has an impact on history B - Challenges to the existing order come from radical new ideas 1. Review religions - quiz 2. Review map of Europe – check that your map is correctly
labelled 1. The Renaissance leads to changes like the rebirth of humanism
and the beginnings of questioning the existing order of religious and political power as well as development of modern science.
2. Take notes on your Renaissance note taking sheet. 3. Explain what you predict the long-lasting effects of Renaissance
will be. Draw a cartoon that shows Renaissance causing effects.
Religion review
1. Name 3 monotheistic religions
2. Which religion(s) have multiple holy texts? Name the texts
3. Which religion(s) has no identified founder?
4. Which religion(s) believe in Karma?
5. Which religion(s) are heaven?
Religion review
1. Name 3 monotheistic religions
1. Judaism, Christianity, Islam
2. Which religion(s) have multiple holy texts? Name the texts
1. Hinduism – Puranas, Vedas, Buddhism - sutras
3. Which religion(s) has no identified founder?
1. Hinduism
4. Which religion(s) believe in Karma?
1. Buddhism
5. Which religion(s) believe in heaven
1. Islam, Christianity, to some extent Judaism depending on interpretation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1. France 2. Spain 3. Germany 4. Italy 5. Poland 6. Great Britain 7. Russia
8
9
10
11
12
8.Ukraine 9. Greece 10. Sweden 11. Ireland 12. Austria
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
13. Serbia 14. Albania 15. Portugal 16. Denmark 17. Norway 18. Czech Republic 19. Netherlands 20. Belgium
RENAISSANCE – DAY 5
REFORMATION– CHALLENGING THE CHURCH
1. Geography themes of location, place, movement, human-environment interaction and region are useful tools for understanding history and current events.
2. A society’s values can be seen through their cultural and scientific achievements 3. Challenges to the social and political order frequently come from radical new ideas
1. The Renaissance leads to changes like the rebirth of humanism
and the beginnings of questioning the existing order of religious and political power as well as development of modern science.
2. Explain what you predict the long-lasting effects of Renaissance will be.
3. Draw a cartoon that shows Renaissance causing effects.
4. Complete Reformation.doc you printed for today
5. With a partner, draw a cartoon that shows a discussion between
several of the major players during the reformation.
6. Identify 5 new ideas during the Renaissance and Reformation that
challenged the existing order and then explain the impact each has
had on the world today.
1300-1600 – Day 5 – Renaissance and Reformation
Beginning of Modern World
Europe
Beginning of Modern World
Why Europe?
Some of the earliest civilizations
Geography conducive (favorable) to the emergence (appearance) of empires
Coastlines make it easier to travel, attack, etc.
Beginning of the Modern World
“Modern” Globalization Phase of increasing
trade links and cultural exchange in 19th century
Columbian Exchange- widespread exchange of animal, plants, culture (slaves), communicable diseases and ideas between Eastern and Western hemispheres
Renaissance
Renaissance Overview
Rebirth of learning and education, art and architecture, modern politics & economics
Began in Northern Italy
Reasons behind Northern Italy
Urbanism
Overseas trade led to large city-states but most of Europe still rural
People came to cities to spread/learn new ideas
Renaissance
Reasons behind Northern Italy (cont.)
Wealthy merchants
Dominated politics
Had to earn their wealth and power
Showed their wealth and power by funding the arts
Greek and Roman Heritage
Used as model for the arts
Scholars studied Latin manuscripts and literature
Pope’s power declined
England and France at war
Renaissance
Renaissance Mentality Humanism—focus of scholars on human potential
and achievement; studied the “humanities” – history, literature, philosophy
Enjoyment of World Pleasures You do not need to sacrifice to please God People began to wear fine clothing and enjoy fine foods and
music Society became more secular (non-religious)
Patrons of Arts
Patrons of the Arts Popes and merchants became patrons (sponsors) of
the arts
Renaissance
Renaissance Mentality (cont.)
Renaissance Man
Men were expected to create art and master all areas of study
Men that excelled in these areas were called a “Universal man” or “Renaissance Man”
Baldassare Castiglione’s The Courtier
Let the man we are seeking be very bold, stern, and always among the first, where the enemy are to be seen; and in every other place, gentle, modest, reserved, above all things avoiding ostentation {showiness} and that impudent {bold} self praise by which men ever excite hatred and disgust in all who hear them.
What is he saying here?
If you wanted to hire a man like this, what would the “Want Ad” say?
The personal ad for him may read…
Looking for a man who is charming, witty, and well educated in the classics. He must
be able to dance, sing, play music, write poetry, ride horses well, wrestle, and be a
fine swordsman. He must be brave in battle yet humble outside of battle.
Renaissance Literature and Politics
Literature and Politics Niccolo Machiavelli An Italian political philosopher
Wrote The Prince in 1513
While somewhat controversial, his political philosophy is still studied and used often in today’s world
“The end justifies the means.”
“… there are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force: the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first is often
insufficient, one must have recourse to the second…”
Sir Thomas More
Wrote Utopia – a book that describes the perfect place
the perfect place is based on humanist notions of reason, fairness, community
Religious freedom is important
Need to work towards a good and comfortable and fair life for all citizens
Renaissance
Renaissance Mentality (cont.) The Renaissance
Woman Upper class women
should also know the classics and be charming but not seek fame
Should inspire art but not create it and have little influence on politics
What values can we extracted from the pictures below?
Renaissance Art
New Techniques (cont.)
Pyramid Configuration
Symmetrical composition draws your focus to center of work for climax/focal point
Chiaroscuro
The contrast of light and dark are used to create dimension
Fresco
Painting on wet plaster
Renaissance Art
New Techniques
Perspective
Creates a 3-D appearance
Parallel lines move towards a focal point on the horizon to create dimension
Objects get smaller as farther back.
Where is the focal point in this work?
Renaissance Art
Religious subjects
Two-dimensional
Created “ideal” people
Religious and secular subjects
Realistic portrayal of individual
Medieval Art Renaissance Art
Renaissance Art
The Last Judgment by Michelangelo FRESCO
Mona Lisa by Da Vinci PYRAMID CONFIGURATION
From Creation Panel of
Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel
CHIAROSCURO
Renaissance Art
MICHAELANGELO
Pieta , 1499
David, 1504
Renaissance Art
MICHAELANGELO: SISTINE CHAPEL
Renaissance Art
LEONARDO Da VINCI
Mona Lisa, 1504 Vitruvian Man, 1485
Renaissance Art
The Last Supper 1498
Renaissance Art
Flying Machine, 1488
Renaissance Art
RAPHAEL
School of Athens
The Wedding of the Virgin
Renaissance Art
BOTTICELLI
The Birth Venus
Renaissance Art
JAN VAN EYCK
Giovanni Arnolfini and his Bride
Petrarch, Boccaccio and expansion of literature
Petrarch – often referred to as father of humanism
Promoted writing as an important means of communication
Promoted humanism – that humans are the centered of the earth and have potential and reconciled Classics with Christianity
Wrote hundreds of poems and letters that were published throughout Europe - This spread literacy throughout Europe
Boccaccio -
Wrote stories that illustrated human existence using satire and sarcasm
His stories showed the frailties and foibles of humans.
Outcomes of Renaissance
Strong sense of individualism
Increase in secularism
Look for answers beyond The Church
Sciences
Other religious ideas
Higher literacy rate
Emergence of materialism
Higher standards of living
Renaissance
Problems in church
Corruption in all levels of the church
Poor education of clergy
Clergy up to pope focused on worldly pursuits rather than just religion
Resistance to taxation by the newly secular merchant class and aristocracy
Reformation
Reformation Overview European Christian reform movement that
established Protestantism as a branch of contemporary Christianity
Began as an attempt to reform a corrupt Catholic Church Teaching and sales of indulgences
Sparked when Martin Luther published the Ninety-Five Theses & concluded in 1648 with the Treaty of Westphalia that ended years of European religious wars
Reformation
Martin Luther
Nailed Ninety-Five Theses to door of All Saint’s Church (maybe not) Theses criticized Catholic Church
and Pope but concentrated on: Selling of indulgences Doctrinal policies about
purgatory, particular judgment, devotion to Mary and the saints, most of the sacraments, & clerical celibacy
Several reformists followed his lead with help of the printing press
LUTHERAN RELIGION
Ministers (Administers) rather than Priests could marry
No holy relics in Church (no crucifixes) or statues
Services and Bible in German
Prayers of confession and people encouraged to directly communicate with God
Catholic Church responds
Pope Leo X demands Martin Luther renounce his Theses upon pain of excommunication.
Luther is tried at the Diet of Worms, refuses to renounce and is excommunicated.
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issues Edict of Worms – no one can help Luther
Reformation spreads
Luther’s reform call leads peasants to revolt against abuse and corruption in their churches and the princes who were connected to the church.
Luther does not support the peasants – is appalled at their attempt to change the social order
Princes massacre the peasants, with Luther’s blessing – 100,000 killed
Layout of European Christendom
Political effects in Germany of Reformation
Princes liked the ideas of Luther – some for religious reasons, many for political ones
Protesting princes declared sovereignty from Holy Roman Empire – Charles V began a war to force the Schmalkaldic League to remain Catholic in the HRE
War ended with HRE’s victory, but the Peace of Augsburg which calls for tolerance of Lutheranism and some other protestants (but not Calvinists or Anabaptists)
Reformation
Reformation Outside Germany
Henry VIII (England)
Henry VIII desire for a male heir and divorce prompted the creation of Church of England
Marriage to Catherine of Aragon produced female heir (Mary I)
Religious changes slower in England than elsewhere middle way between Roman Catholic Church & Protestant Traditions
Henry VII: Six wives whom he beheaded!
Reformation
Reformation Outside of Germany
Henry VIII (England) cont.
Act of Supremacy
King head of church and state
Pope has no authority
All church lands sold to nobles
People forced to covert from Catholicism to Anglican
Reformation: Bloody Mary
Eldest daughter of Henry VIII and only surviving child of Catherine of Aragon. As the fourth crowned monarch of the Tudor dynasty, she is remembered for restoring
England to Roman Catholicism after succeeding her short-lived half brother, Edward VI, to the English throne. In the
process, she had almost 300 religious dissenters burned at the stake in the Marian Persecutions, earning her the sobriquet of "Bloody Mary". Her re-
establishment of Roman Catholicism was reversed by her successor and half-sister,
Elizabeth I.
Reformation
Reformation Outside of Germany Elizabeth I (England) Supported
establishment of Protestant English Church
Governed on consensus (agreement)
Reign became known as the Elizabethan Era
“Virgin” Queen
Reformation
Reformation Outside Germany
John Calvin and Calvinism (Switzerland)
French theologian that believed people were always combating evil and religion was guidance to fight one’s tendency toward sin
Other beliefs include:
Theocracy—elect those God has chosen for salvation
Predestination/Predetermined Salvation—”God adopts some to the hope of life and adjudges others to eternal death”
Reformation
Reformation Outside Germany
John Knox and Presbyterianism (Scotland)
Modified Calvin’s theocracy
Beliefs include:
Sovereignty of God
Authority of scriptures
Importance of grace through faith in Christ
Presbyterianism becomes national religion of Scotland
The Catholic Counter-Reformation
Jesuits under Ignatious of Loyola present some church reforms like building schools, gaining new converts and fighting against protestants
At the Council of Trent, 3 different Popes defined Church teachings and opposed protestants in the areas of: Scripture and Tradition
Original Sin, Justification,
Sacraments,
the Eucharist in Holy Mass and
the veneration of saints but mostly just reaffirm Church doctrine
Reformation
Effects of Reformation
Led to series of religious wars that culminated (ended) in the Thirty Years’ War that ended with the Peace of Westphalia
New religions (in particular, Calvinism and other Protestant sects) effectively forbade wastefully using hard earned money and identified the purchase of luxuries a sin
Weakened the Catholic Church and promoted new states’ powers outside of religion
EXPLORATION
Renaissance Reformation Science
Enduring Understandings 1. Geography themes of location, place, movement, human-environment interaction
and region are useful tools for understanding history and current events. 2. A society’s values can be seen through their cultural and scientific achievements 3. Challenges to the social and political order frequently come from radical new ideas.
Warm-up - Review homework questions – do you have any questions?
1. Using the last section of the reformation.doc, with a partner, draw a cartoon
that shows a discussion between several of the major players during the
reformation.
2. Identify 5 new ideas during the Renaissance and Reformation that challenged
the existing order and then explain the impact each has had on the world
today.
3. Describe the benefits and detriments of Columbian Exchange.
4. Create a flow chart of the causes and effects of exploration – make sure to
include information from the rest of the unit.
5. Add a frame or two to your reformation cartoon that addresses the connection
to exploration
Europe Map Game
Test your skills…
Beginning of the Modern World
“Modern” Globalization Phase of increasing
trade links and cultural exchange in 19th century
Columbian Exchange- widespread exchange of animal, plants, culture (slaves), communicable diseases and ideas between Eastern and Western hemispheres
Why explore?
Exploration occurred for three basic reasons
1. Trade – seeking wealth in competition with other countries
1. Based on the idea of mercantilism – the power of a country is based on its wealth and the way to achieving wealth for a country is to get gold and silver and to have a trade surplus
2. Spread Christianity
3. Technological advancements made it possible.
Who explored?
Spain
Portugal
England
Netherlands (the Dutch)
Who did it? Who did it?
Results of exploration?
Major global empires for the 4 big exploring countries
Beginning of colonization
African slave trade and all of its negative consequences
Exploitation and mass killings of natives in the colonies
Exportation of European ideas including religion
Great wealth – Spain and Portugal from gold, England and the Dutch through trade
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
1. Describe the benefits and detriments of Columbian Exchange.
2. Create a flow chart of the causes and effects of exploration – make
sure to include information from the rest of the unit. 3. Get computer and complete Scientific revolution.doc
4. Draw a flow chart that shows the causal relationship between the
Renaissance, Reformation, Exploration, the Scientific Revolution, and the
enlightenment
5. Write a brief paragraph explaining the causal relationship between the
renaissance, reformation, exploration and scientific revolution
Enduring Understandings 1. A society’s values can be seen through their cultural and scientific achievements 2. Challenges to the social and political order frequently come from radical new ideas.
Revolutionary Thinking
The Renaissance and Reformation inspired people to challenge the accepted scientific views of ancient thinkers and the church
Geocentric theory widely accepted prior to this period
Scientific Revolution
What was the Scientific Revolution?
Scholars/scientists questioned accepted ideas about nature, earth and the universe
Old Science v. New Science
Old Science based on religion and belief
NEW SCIENCE based on math, logic, reason, observation and data
Inductive reasoning – observing and understanding specific facts to develop a general theory
Scientific Revolution
Influences
Renaissance
Education of the Classics
Secularism
Criticisms of the Catholic Church
Exploration
Drive to better understand tides, weather, winds, currents,
Foreign technology-astrolabe
Scientific Revolution
New Discoveries
Heliocentric Theory –sun-centered universe
Advancements in Medicine—vaccinations
Scientific Instruments
Microscope
Telescope
Law of Gravity
Chemistry
biology
Theories on the Universe
2nd C. AD- Ptolemy recorded the earth was the center of the universe—Geocentric Theory
Scientific Revolution
Theories of the Universe
1548-Nicholas Copernicus challenges Ptolemy’s geocentric theory and proves the Heliocentric Theory
Scientific Revolution
Theories of the Universe
Johannes Kepler (1600s)—takes the Heliocentric Theory and perfects it with the Laws of Planetary Motion
One law states that the planets orbit the sun in elliptical orbits not circular orbits
Scientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution
Francis Bacon urged scientists to draw conclusions of the world based on their own observations
Rene Descartes believed that everything should be doubted until proven by reason “I think, therefore I am.”
Newton explains law of gravity through scientific method
Boyle describes the relationship between volume, pressure and temperature
Importance
This so-called revolution was important because scientists use these approaches today – it is from scientific reasoning that our lives are longer, healthier and filled with so much useful technological developments
Influenced others to study all aspects of society—government, religion, economics, education, etc.
ABSOLUTISM LEADS TO ENLIGHTENMENT
Warm-up - Define Absolutism. Who would support an absolute monarch?
Why would absolutism be supported?
1. Read “Louis XIV Advice to his Son” and “The Reign of Louis XIV”
A. Answer the accompanying questions.
B. Use inductive reasoning to describe the characteristics of absolutism.
2. Read Hobbes – choose three quotes that help to support the idea that
absolutism is the proper form of government
3. Read Locke – in what ways does Locke agree with Hobbes? In what
ways and why does he disagree with Hobbes?
4. Read Rousseau – With whom is he more likely to agree, Louis, Locke,
and/or Hobbes?
5. Describe how a Salon may sound where the above four men were
discussing their ideas
Enduring Understandings 1. A society’s values can be seen through their cultural and scientific achievements 2. Challenges to the social and political order frequently come from radical new ideas.
Absolutism – identify at least three features of absolutism illustrated in this clip.
ENLIGHTENMENT
Warm-up - Review Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau readings – Draw a
Venn diagram of the three men’s beliefs about government and people
1. Why is the Enlightenment the natural result of the chain of advances
beginning in the Renaissance? How may these Enlightened ideas
change the world?
2. 9/11 and fire drills
3. Complete graphic organizer of the key enlightenment philosophers
4. With which philosopher do you have the closest connection?
5. Questions from review sheet? Unit Test tomorrow
Enduring Understandings 1. A society’s values can be seen through their cultural and scientific achievements 2. Challenges to the social and political order frequently come from radical new ideas.
Enlightenment
Enlightenment Overview
People try to apply the scientific approach to all aspects of society
Political scientists propose new ideas about government
Philosophes (philosophers) advocate the use of reason to discover truths
Address social issues through reason
Enlightenment
Causes Ideals of the Renaissance Individualism, secularism, rebirth of classical
teachings
Scientific Revolution Logic, reason, mathematics
New way of thinking based on willingness to question assumptions
Absolutism Reaction to government of total control
Questioning of Theory of Divine Right
Characteristics of Enlightened Thought
Ideas incorporating the themes listed below were heavily discussed during this era
REASON-justification
HAPPINESS-What makes people happy?
LIBERTY-freedoms
PROGRESS-tolerance, diversity, science
NATURE- outside (plants, earth, universe, etc) and inside (emotion, human interactions, etc)
THE SALON
A) Serious workroom of philosophy
B) Various people, all educated
C) Women sharp and witty
A graphic organizer of the philosophes Identify who, where and the key ideas of each of the following
Hobbes
Locke
Montesquieu
Rousseau
Voltaire
Wollstonecraft
Adam Smith
Beccaria
Enlightenment thinkers
Human existence is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short"
• Living through the brutal English civil wars in the 17th century, Hobbes was very cynical about human nature.
• He wrote in the Leviathan that humans are selfish and wicked. Without government, there would be “war of all against all.”
• Therefore, absolute monarchies are created through a social contract to keep the mean, nasty men from killing each other.
John Locke
"Government has no other end than the preservation of property.”
• He postulated that the mind was a "blank slate" or "tabula rasa“; people are born without innate ideas
• Believed that human nature is characterized by reason and tolerance
• Two Treatises of Government had a profound influence on the writing of the Declaration of Independence and Constitution
• People have god-given rights that are inviolable
• People will voluntarily, through a social contract, create a government to protect their god-given rights
• If government violates the social contract, then the people have the right to change the government
"Wherever Law ends, Tyranny begins."
Voltaire
“Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities.”
His intelligence, wit and style made him one of France’s greatest writers and philosophers
He was attracted to the philosophy of John Locke and ideas of Sir Isaac Newton
In favor of religious tolerance and interested in the study of the natural sciences
• Every man is guilty of all the good he didn’t do. • God is a comedian playing to an audience too afraid to laugh. • If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him. • It is dangerous to be right when the government is wrong. • Love truth and pardon error.
Voltaire
• Judge of a man by his questions rather than by his answers.
• Men are equal; it is not birth, but virtue that makes the difference.
• Prejudice is opinion without judgment.
• The way to become boring is to say everything.
• I may not agree with what you have to say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.
Jean –Jacques Rousseau
“Never exceed your rights, and they will soon become unlimited.”
Contended that man is essentially good, a "noble savage" when in the "state of nature"
Good people are made unhappy and corrupted by their experiences in society
Most important work is "The Social Contract" that describes the relationship of man with society
“Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.”
Jean –Jacques Rousseau
The right kind of political order could make people truly moral and free.
Individual moral freedom could be achieved only by learning to subject one’s individual interests to the “General Will.”
Individuals did this by entering into a social contract not with their rulers, but with each other.
This social contract was derived from human nature, not from history, tradition, or the Bible.
People would be most free and moral under a republican form of government with direct democracy.
Adam Smith
“Consumption is the sole end and purpose of all production; and the interest of the producer ought to be attended to, only so far as it may be necessary for
promoting that of the consumer.”
Scottish philosopher and economist famous for his book, “The Wealth of Nations” written in 1776
Profound influence on modern economics and concepts of individual freedom
Father of modern capitalism and influential in the formulation of American Capitalism 1. Economic liberty guarantees economic progress 2. Government needs to stay out of economics because:
1. Buyers will buy 2. Sellers will sell 3. Each will participate in economics out of their own self-interest 4. Harmony will results
Montesquieu
Liberty is the key for successful government, but liberty is often eroded by power in the hands of government
He is famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers in government; executive, legislative and judicial
Separated power would lead to checks on power and therefore protecting liberty – developing the theory of checks and balances
largely responsible for the popularization of the terms feudalism and Byzantine Empire
“Liberty is the right of doing whatever the laws permit.” -Montesquieu
Beccaria
An independent judiciary should provide justice, not just support the rulers
Opposed torture and arbitrary rulings and procedures
Promoted fair trials with adequate defense of the accused
Punishment should fit the crime
Wollstonecraft
Promoted the value of women
Women should be educated
Women should be equal to men in politics and professions
The Origins of Enlightenment?
► RELIGIOUS: Deism
V The belief in the existence of a God or supreme being but a denial of revealed religion, basing one’s belief on the light of nature and reason.
Deists saw no point in any particular religion; they recognized only a distant God, uninvolved in the daily life of man.
The Origins of Enlightenment?
► RELIGIOUS:
Gradually, highly educated Protestants & Catholics thought more about God’s work as revealed through science, rather than through the Scriptures.
Pantheism V The belief that God and
nature are one and the same.
Impact of the Enlightenment
People have confidence that human reason can solve social problems
The individual becomes important as people use their own ability to reason and judge
Absolutism is generally questioned as being the antithesis of enlightenment.
Sets the stage for popular revolutions in the 18th and 19th Centuries
Some monarchs make reforms – the enlightened despots – modified absolutists
Others fight for their continued power
Use your blank map to label the following countries
1. France
2. Spain
3. Germany
4. Italy
5. Poland
6. Great Britain
7. Russia
8. Ukraine
9. Greece
10. Sweden
11. Ireland
12. Austria
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Use your blank map to label the following countries
13. Serbia
14. Albania
15. Portugal
16. Denmark
17. Norway
18. Czech Republic
19. Netherlands
20. Belgium
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Europe Map Game
Test your skills…