Proceedings of the Seventh East Asia-Pacific Conferenceon Structural Engineering & ConstructionAugust 27-29, 1999, Kochi, Japan

Mutual Understanding andDevelopment tor the21st Century

Edited by Hajime Okamura and Hiroshi Shima

V O I • I Department of Infrastructure Systems EngineeringKochi University of Technology

CONTENTS

Title pageConference committeesFinancial supportersPreface

VOLUME 1

INVITED PAPERS

The development of a national expressway network in Japan, and its future prospects 1M. Hirano

The value of clinging to a dream - a development of M-Y mixer 11M.K. Maeda

Energy absorption capacity of steel frames influenced by fractural modes of members 18H. Akiyama

Restoration of the JR lines from the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake disaster - technical 28judgements for early restoration and the support system of JR group companiesT. Ishibashi

Asian concrete model code (ACMC) - a step forward for Asia 38Y.C. Loo and T. Ueda

Computational mechanics for structural engineering applications 45C.K. Choi, T.Y. Lee and WJ. Yu

Dynamic response of high speed rail bridges and traveling vehicles 55Y.B. Yang and J.D. Yau

Towards a cost-effective application of FRP reinforcement in structural rehabilitation 65K.H. Tan

Effect of maximum aggregate size on flowable steel fiber reinforced concrete 74J.C. Chern, Y.W. Chan a n d H S Chou

A new algorithm of nonlinear material problem based on the theory of the generalized 80inverse of matrixX. Liu and Z Guo

A shear locking free meshless method 86W. Kanok-Nukulchai, K. Saranyasoontorn and W. Barry

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

Nonlinear analysis

Large displacement analysis of thin-walled beam structures 93P.H. Wang and Y.J. Chen

An element-free Galerkin formulation for three dimensional large strain plasticity 99W. Barry and & Saigal

Finite element analysis of rubberlike materials 105A.C. Wijeyewickrema, P. Karasudhi and T. Lai

On formulation of biaxial non-linear restoring force characteristics of structure using the 111theory of plasticityZ Gao, K. Takiguchi and K. Nishimura

Computing method

Hexahedral mesh generation of arbitrary 3-dimensional composite domain 117T. Taniguchi and J.M. Ibarra

Improved mesh partitioning for parallel substructure finite element computations 123S.H. Hsieh, Y.S. Yang and P.L Tsai

Numerically stable simultaneous inverse iteration method with shift 129

H.J. Jung, J. W. Oh and /. W. Lee

Frame structure

Analysis and design of unbraced steel frames with bending about both column axes 135M. Md. Tahir and M.H. OsmanModified dynamic inelastic analysis of structures using the modified Newton-Raphson 141methodS.D. Kim, W.K Hong, Y.K Ju and M.H. Oh

Analysis of vierendeel truss by the total adjusting unbalanced moment coefficients and the 147leading matricesM.H. Nam, D.H. Ha and MO. Kang

Ultimate lateral capacity for stability of multi-story steel frame by Pseudo-elastic approach 152

C.C. Chern, J.R Ke and W.H. Lee

Angle struts and rod

The effect of intermediate stiffeners on the behavior of single equal leg angle struts 158S.Y. Kim, Y.J. Na andS.G. LeeFinite element analysis of a connecting rod of PSC engine 164A Basu, O. Kennedy and S. Lucchini

FATIGUE AND FRACTURE

Fatigue behavior of improved welded cover plate detail 171N. Kagawa, K Yamada, S. Kainuma and T.Nakamura

Fatigue crack growth prediction under various loading spectra 177Q. Cao and K Yamada

A numerical model for mixed mode fracture propagation 183Y.J. Chiou, H.J. Lin and RJ. Tsay

Multi-crack failure analysis of steel members by element-free Galerkin method 189S.H. Lee, H.J. Kim and Y.C. Yoon

Two-dimensional dynamic analysis of fatigue damage assessment of steel gerber-truss 195bridge due to traffic loadsC. W. Kim, S.H. Lee and W.H. Lee

Fatigue evaluation of steel bridges by measurement data and finite element analysis 201P. Nanakorn, T. Chaisomphob and P. Warnitchai

Fatigue strength of side gussets welded specimens 207K Yamada, I. Kim and A. Kondo

Fatigue tests of load-carrying fillet welded cruciform joints with root gap 213S. Kainuma, Y. Kawamoto, D. Takamatsu and K Yamada

A study on fatigue crack initiation points in load-carrying type of cruciform fillet welded 219jointsT. Mori and S. Kainuma

Fatigue behavior of tensile plates with inclined fillet welded ribs 225K Yamada, S. Kato, A. Okabe S. Kainuma and T. Ojio

Flaw assessment of butt-welded joints 231F. Fahimuddin, C. Mild, T. Kanai, K Anami and F. Machida

Prediction of fretting fatigue strength of prestressing tendon • 237T. Veda, M. Sato, Y. Tanaka, Y. Kakuta and H. Arai

STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS

Bridge dynamics

Study on dynamic response characteristics and identification of walking force on pedestrian 243bridgesT. Obata, T. Hayashikawa and K Sato

Vibration of bridges due to moving high-speed train with 3-dimensional train model 2495./. Kim, J. W. Kwark and S.P. Chang

Dynamic bridge behaviors due to high speed railway vehicles: K-TGV 255S.H. Kim, H.S. Park and J.Y. Huh

Adaptive localized vibration control of large-scale or complex structures using multi-layer 261neural networksB. Xu, Z Wu and K Yokoyama

An approximate method for estimating impact force on beams considering local 267deformationT. Shibata, T. Mikami and A Sutoh

RC beam bridge damaged modal analysis and load capacity evaluation 273

D.Hu, K Wang and D.Luo

Vibration of structures

Free torsional vibration analysis of continuous beams with thin-walled cross section 279Y. Matsui, T. Hayashikawa and K Sato

Closed-form solution for the free vibration of a truss-core sandwich panel 285T.S. Lok and Q.H. Cheng

Determination of partial fixities of H-beam by natural frequency measurements 291S.G. Lee, J.H. Kim, S.Y. Kim andKS. Oh

Modal identification of a highly nonlinear system by shaking table test 297Y.H. Joe, H.G. Park and S.G. Cho

Effects of axial deformation and axial force on vibration characteristics of tall buildings 3035. Swaddiwudhipong, S.L. Lee, Q.Zhou and S.S. Sidji

Simulation of the container crane behaviour in emergency condition 309

D. Dinevski, M. Oblak, I. Gubensek and A Novak

Vibration control

On site monitoring study of a cable supported structure with viscoelastic dampers 315K.C. Chang, C.C. Hsu and M.L Lai

Simple ATMD control for high-rise buildings under wind loads 321V. Boonyapinyo and W. Kawakun

Design and application of fluid damper for structural control 327

D.S. Hsu and Y.F. Lee

Hydrodynamic vibration

Hydroelastic vibration of an eccentrically submerged cylindrical shell in a rigid vessel 333KH. Jeong, S. Choi, T. W. Kim and KB. ParkThree-dimensional analysis for liquid storage tanks using coupled FE-BE method 339Y.M. Urn, M.K Kim, S.Y. Cho, KH. Cho and J.P. Koh

BEHAVIOR OF STRUCTURES

Floating structures

A new superlong floating bridge 345E. Watanabe, T. Utsunomiya and Y. Hara

Snap loads in submerged floating tunnels 351M. Sato and T. Mikami

Finite element analysis for wave response of large floating structures 357Y. Kajita, T. Utsunomiya and E. Watanabe

Arch, beam and panel

Shear strength of trapezoid web plate girder 363M.H. Osman, IS. Ibrahim and M.Md Tahir

In-plane buckling and design of steel arches 369Y.L. Pi and N.S. Trahair

In-plane stability of shallow arches 375Y.L Pi andS.G. Liang

Study of the structural twistless behaviour in slab-beam panels 381N.K Chikh

Modeling techniques for nonlinear failure analysis of reinforced concrete T-girder bridge 387H.W. Song, D.W. You, K Maekawa andKJ. Byun

Elasto-plastic analysis on connections of precast large panel structures 393

K Park, S. Yoon, Y. Kim and T. Kwun

Shell

Collapse of imperfect reticulated shells designed by second-order elastic analysis 399/. Mutoh and S. KatoUltimate strength of ring stiffened cooling tower shell 405

T. Hara, S. Kato and M Ohya

Masonry structures

Distinct element modelling of unreinforced masonry walls 411Y. ZhugeNumerical investigation of in-plane failure of masonry 417

G. Ma, H. Hao and Y. Zhou

Fire resistant design

A simple approach to strength and stability of steel columns in fire 423KH. Tan, T.C. Fung and W.S. TohA first-order elastic-plastic analysis of steel frames in fire 429

KH. Tan, T.C. Fung and W.S. Toh

Inelastic behavior and energy absorption

The influence of material properties on the deformation capacity of steel members 434K Satsukawa, T. Suzuki and K IkarashiA basic investigation regarding the influence of the stress-strain relation of steel material on 440the energy absorption of a plate subjected to in-plate cyclic loadingM. Kawakami, H. Shirahata, K Suzuki andN. Masuda

Nonlinear bending analysis of top- and seat-angle with double web-angle connections 446A. Ahmed, N. Kishi, K. Matsuoka andM Komuro

Study on a seismic design method of steel bridge piers 452S. Okashiro, M. Kishiro, H. Kobayashi S. Uchida and E. Watanabe •

Inelastic behavior of a moment-resisting steel frame by pushover test 458S.D. Kim andS.C. Jeong

Analysis of time-dependent deformation in concrete framed structures 464K Hirokawa, S. Anzai, S. Tottori and R. Sato

An approach for damage identification of reinforced concrete structures 470G. Xie and T. Taniguchi

BRIDGE ENGINEERING

Design aspects

Stability of curved girder bridges under construction 477H. Hirasawa, T. Hayashikawa, K Sato and I. Kinjo

Behavior of continuous beams with external prestressing having large eccentricities 483T. Aravinthan, H. Mutsuyoshi, S. Tamura andM Watanabe

Construction of Yangtze River highway bridge at Wanxian 489W.Li,W. Fan, Y. Sun and/. Liu

Experimental study on structural behavior of laminated heavy timber bridge 495K Komatsu, M. Inoue and T. Mayumi

Field test of laminated heavy timber bridge composed of sugi laminae 501M. Inoue, M. Sezaki, K Komatsu and K Tanaka

The static and dynamic characteristics of the shell shape decks above the multi-girder 507bridgesY. Wang, Y. Xu, G. Xu and W. Huang

Some comments on current design practice of multi-girder steel bridges under vehicle loads 513in ThailandT. Chaisomphob, C. Lertsima and P. Nanakorn

Joints and guard fence

Mechanical behavior of high strength bolted tensile joints using waisted bolts 519T. Yamaguchi, K Sugiura, S. Morooka, E. Watanabe and H. Saitoh

A research to evaluate the durability of existing bridge's bolted joint 525G. Kobayashi, Y. Ishihara, M. Kamei, M. Kano and T. Tanihara

Nonlinear collision analysis of vehicles onto bridge guard fences 531Y. Itoh, C. Liu and A! Usami

Loading and influence line

A new method for weigh-in-motion measurements of trucks using instrumented bridges 537P. Wamitchai, A Chamchuenwong and T. Vtravankhai

Measurement of vehicle weight using truss bridges 543

T. Ojio, K Yamada andH. Shinkai

Optimization

Design optimization of long-span king-post truss system 549Y. Gong and L. Xu

Creation of optimal forms of cable-stayed bridges based upon aesthetic measure 555A. Ohta, E. Watanabe, H. Furuta and Y. Goto

Optimal topology selection of continuum structures with stress and displacement constraints 560

Q.Q. Liang, Y.M. Xie and G.P. Steven

Aesthetics and environmental aspects

Aesthetics - important aspect of sustainable development in bridge engineering 566Z Cywinski and E. Kido,

Investigations on lifecycle environmental impact and cost of bridges 572

L. Sunuwar, Y. Itoh and H. Nagata

Computer aided design system

Information protocol for design process of steel highway bridges 578/. Mikami, S. Tanaka and R. Imai

Visualization of product data models for highway bridges using VRML 584/. Mikami, S. Tanaka, S. Kubota and Y. Ishii

Database of highway bridges' product data models using STEP 590/. Mikami, S. Tanaka, S. Kubota and Y. Ishii

Knowledge based expert system for management of bridges with especial reference to 596Papua New GuineaKMA. Hossain

Inspection and maintenance

Suggested inspection procedures for fracture critical members of bridges 602P. Herabat and 5. McNeil

Optimization of maintenance planning for existing bridges by using bridge management 608systemA Miyamoto, K Kawamura and H. Nakamura

A nondestructive evaluation module of bridge management system 614Y.F. Li, S.H. Hsieh and Y.S. Lin

Ultrasonic nondestructive testing of thick steel plate containing a hot crack by double probe 620techniqueH. Shirahata and C. Miki

Composite structures

Structural characteristics of composite two-I-girder bridges stiffened with diagonal cables 626M. Izawa, Y. Ishikawa, M. Nagai and Y. Okui

Structural behaviors of composite box girder bridges according to the concrete deck casting 632sequencesH.G. Kwak, YJ. Seo, CM. Jung and Y.H. Park

A study on the structural behavior of cold-formed steel composite beams 638Y.B. Kwon and J.Y. Song

Bond behavior of steel-epoxy open sandwich beams in bending 644W.O. Oyawa, K'Sugiura, K Ono, E. Watanabe, J.M. Maza and N. Wakahara

Parametric analysis for creep and shrinkage behavior of steel-concrete double composite 650continuous box girder bridges with external and internal prestressing cablesO. Ohyama, A Kurita, Y. Seno and K Tomita

Shear connection in steel-concrete composite bridge with full-depth precast deck 656C.S. Shim, J.H. Kim, S. W. Jang and S.P. Chang

WIND ENGINEERING

An interpretation of aeroelastic phenomenon for bridge decks in wind flows 663N.N. Minh, H. Yamada and T. Miyata

Study on influence of crash barrier to aeroelastic responses of bridge deck section 669Y. Kubo, T. Koga, E. Yamaguchi and K Kato

Aerodynamic characteristics of two edge girders 675M. Matsumoto, Y. Daito, H. Shirato and T. Yagi

Aerodynamic instability of high and flexible structures 681D.B. Nguyen and V.T. Nguyen,

Coupled buffeting response of long span bridge 687C.H. Chen, S.V. Mac and KB. Yang

Spiky response of a cantilever bridge model in the wake of a conical hill 693K Kimura, U.K Roy and Y. Fujino

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

Grand motion and design spectrum

Code for design of "buildings and construction in seismically active regions" in Vietnam 699D.B. Nguyen and T.D. Nguyen

Frequency content of moderate earthquakes 704S.D. Kim and M.H. Kim

Estimation of earthquake intensity from the damage of RC piers of viaducts due to the Kobe 710earthquakeH. Iemura, Y. Takahashi and T. Hirate

An evaluation of predicted input ground motion using 3-D nonlinear dynamic analysis of 716overhead railwayY. Furuya, S. Tsuchiya and M. Harada

Response spectra from real earthquakes and its application 722MA.Noor, MA. Ansary and S.M. Seraj

Design spectra based on constant-damage concept 728P. Panyakapo and P. Warnitchai,

A study on damage design spectra of seismic coefficient for level 2 earthquakes 734

T. Mikami, K Hirao, T. Sawada and Y. Nariyuki

Soil-structure interaction

Nonlinear analysis of laterally loaded reinforced concrete piles 740R Dhakal, H. Salem andK MaekawaResponse analysis of reinforced concrete pier with pile footing considering nonlinear soil 746T. Maki, K Takano and H. Mutsuyoshi

Peak bedrock accelerations and soil amplification factors for buildings in Singapore 752T. Balendra, C.G. Koh, MJ. Wang and T.K Lim

Random critical seismic response analysis of the nonlinear interaction system using the 758weighted equivalent linearization techniquesZ. Kuang and Q. Zhao

Effect of foundation interaction on required seismic coefficient of single column RC piers 764

K Hirao, T. Sawada, Y. Nariyuki, S. Sasada and Y. Sakabe

Dynamic analysis

Integrated system of dynamic analysis and database of input waves for aseismic diagnosis of 770structuresT. Kitahara, H. Seya and Y. Itoh

Study on causes of loosening of hanger cables in a Nielsen-Lohse bridge due to the 776Hyogoken Nambu earthquakeH. Sakoda, H. Zui, T. Kagayama, T. Kitada and H. Nakai

Hybrid stress method for seismic nonlinear response analyses of RC frames 782K Sonoda, N. Shimada andH. Tsunokake

An investigation of the coupled torsional-pounding responses of adjacent asymmetric 788structuresH. Hao and G. Ma

Behaviour of secondary structures under strong vertical ground motions 794N. Chouw

The effect of seismic level increase on the reactor vessel internals for the Korean standard ^ 800nuclear power plantM.J. Jhung, S.C. Kang and W.K Shin

Active control

Active control of seismic response of structures 806M. Yoshikawa, K Tola and T. Sato

Experimental system design and verification for seismic-response control using an active 812mass damperKW.Min andS.K Lee

Shaking table test of some modal control schemes for building structures 818

L.Y. Lu, L.L. Chung and S.K Huang

Isolation system

Effects of vertical ground motion to seismically isolated friction bearing with hybrid loading 824testsY. Takahashi, H. lemura, K Ogawa, K Nakajima and T. Tamaki

Nonlinear response spectra for bridges with sliding type isolation system 830

Y.S. Kim, H.B. Kim, J.S Im, C.B. Yun, D.H. Kim and G.Y. Chung

Passive control

Application of low yield point steel devices for seismic protection of bridges 836M. Abe, Y. Fujino and Y. Zheng

Response spectra of base-isolated structures 841W. Shi and Z Li

Energy-based performance evaluation of passive control systems for earthquake excitations 847AM. El-Abd and H. Yamaguchi

Behavior and strength of steel bearing wall with slits installed in building frame 853T. Hitaka, C. Matsui, K Tsuda and Y. Sadakane

A study on variable stiffness device having elastic non-linear characteristics 859H. Suitsu

Failure diagnosis of viscoelastic dampers 865RY. Tan andY.P. Chen

Response control structure with oil damper bracing system 871O. Takahashi, T. Okabe, T. Okuzono andM. Ninomiya

GEOTECHNICAL AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

Back analysis system for deformation of retaining wall based on fuzzy set theory and simple 877fitting methodT. Sugiyama

Long-term structural evaluation of stabilized subgrade layer 883Y. Todoroki

Dynamic cross-interaction between foundations on layered ground by FE-BE coupling 889/. W. Rhee, W.Y. Cho, K Lee andM.K Kim

The application of cement injecting piles to treat soft soil foundations in the municipal road 895Z. Xie, M. Li, S. Zhang and S. Zhao

Analysis of passive pile groups using load transfer curves . 901S. Jeong and J. Won

Numerical procedures for analysis of piles modeled by nonlinear elastic subgrade-reaction 907methodE. Yamaguchi, Y. Kikuchi and Y. Kubo

VOLUME 2

ASIAN CONCRETE MODEL CODE

Asian concrete model code 913T. Uomoto

Asian concrete model code: design part - new concept and frame for 21st century 919T. Ueda

Concrete model code for Asia: part II: materials and constructions 925S. Tangtermsirikul, S. Hatanaka, T. NoguchiA. Nanayakkara B. Stitmannaitham andY.CLoo

COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

Steel plate and panel

Strength characteristics of beams with ferrocement flanges and steel plate web 931AK Aggarwal

Experimental study for the feasibility of using precast panels as form works for RC columns 937S Nasir, S. Gupta, H. Umehara and /. Hirasawa

Proposed model for transferred shear force and relative displacement relationship of shear 943connector in steel-concrete sandwich beamT. Saidi, H. Furuuchi and T. Ueda

Concrete filled steel tube

Strain behavior of concrete filled steel tube members under cyclic loading 949K Tateishi andK Murata

High-strength concrete filled square tube columns subjected to axial loading 955/. Chung, K Tsuda and C. Matsui