Genetic Changes

MutationsIf the DNA in all cells of an adult human body were lined up end to end, it would stretch nearly 10 billion Kilometers or 69 times the distance from Earth to Jupiter!

Mutations inBody Cells

1. This mutation is NOT passed on to the offspring2. This mutation causes problems to the individual3. When this new mutated cell divides the new cell will still have the same mutation

• Important cause of aging

• Could lead to CANCER

The Effects of Mutation point Mutations

1. point Mutation: A change in a in DNA Frameshift

single base pair Mutations2. EX: THE DOG BIT THE

CATCAR BIT 1. Frameshift Mutation:

THE DOG a single Single base is added or3. A change in deleted causes it to shiftNitrogenous Base can change the the reading of codons by

entire protein because it makes a different AMINO ACID.

4. sickle Cell• 1 nucleotide 2. Would cause every AMINO hanges in 2.85 Billion ACID in the protein after the deletion to be changed a. EX: THE DOG BIT THE CAT

THE DOB ITT HEC AT

The Effects of Mutation

Point Mutations1. Point Mutation: A change in a single base pair in DNA

2. EX: THE DOG BIT THE CAT THE DOG BIT THE CAR3. A change in a single Nitrogenous Base can change the entire protein because it makes a different AMINO ACID. 4. Sickle Cell- 1 nucleotide changes in 2.85 Billion

10

Frameshift Mutations1. Frameshift Mutation: Single base is added or deleted causes it to shift the reading of codons by one base

2. W ould cause every AMINO ACID in the protein after the deletion to be changed3. EX: THE DOG BIT THE CAT

THE DOB ITT HEC AT

Deleted area Before Afterdeletion deletion

3 1 INVERSION :

1

4 . TRANSLOCATION :