Mutations Foldable

1. Fold 3 pieces of paper, so you have 5 layered flaps

2. Write “Mutations” on the top flap as a title

On each flap write:

1. What is a mutation?

2. Point Mutations

3. Chromosomal Mutations

4. Advantages/Disadvantages

5. Real Life Example

1. What is a mutation?

(Inside) On Top Half of 1st Flap write:

• Mutations- any change in DNA that may affect the expression of a gene

– Proteins that produced as a result of mutations:1. may fail to function

2. may change the phenotype of an organism

• Mutations can be caused by mutagens.– Examples from the environment- UV light,

chemicals, radioactive substances, X-rays

(Inside) On Bottom Half of 1st Flap:Glue in the following picture & Label the following:

1. Strand D- DNA was mutated by UV light; circle the 5th base- it should be T but now is C

2. Strand H- mRNA is made from mutated DNA template during transcription; circle the 5th base- it should be A but now is G

3. Stand N- Polypeptide chain (amino acid sequence); circle the 2nd amino acid (THIS IS THE WRONG AMINO ACID!)

4. O- Mutation is seen here first; mutation causes no color pigment to occur

5. Flowers have no color!

2. Point Mutations

(Inside) On Top Half of 2nd Flap write:

• Point Mutations- a change in a specific base in the DNA that causes a “shift” in the reading frame causes a change in codons

(Inside) On Bottom Half of 2nd Flap write:

TYPESGlue in the following picture & Label the following:

(1) Circle the substitution that has occurred; next to the picture write: Substitutions occur when one base is changed

(2) Circle the deletion that has occurred ; next to the picture write: Deletions occur when one base is removed or lost

(3) Circle the insertion that has occurred ; next to the picture write: Insertions occur when one base is added to a sequence of DNA

3. Chromosomal Mutations

(Inside) On Top Half of 3rd Flap write:

• Chromosomal Mutations- a change in a specific segment of the DNA both positive and negative affects – cause a protein to malfunction – cause a different protein to be made

(Inside) On Bottom Half of 3rd Flap write:TYPES

Glue in the following picture & Label the following: (1) Color the segment of DNA that has been deleted;

next to the picture write: Deletions occur when a segment of DNA has been removed

(2) Color the segment of DNA that has been inverted; next to the picture write: Inversions occur when a segment of DNA has been flipped

(3) Color the segment of DNA that has been translocated; next to the picture write: Translocations occur when a segment of DNA has moved to a different location on another chromosome

(4) Color the segment of DNA that has been duplicated; next to the picture write: Duplications occur when another copy of a segment of DNA is made

4. Advantages/Disadvantages of Mutations

(Inside) On Top Half of 4th Flap write:

ADVANTAGES

- New forms of a trait

- Drug resistance

- Antibiotic resistance

(Inside) On Bottom Half of 4thFlap write:

DISADVANTAGES

- Absence of a trait

- Cancer

- Diseases/Genetic Disorders- Sickle Cell Anemia

5. Mutations in the Human Body

Examples of Disease that cause mutations Sickle Cell Anemia

Next to picture: Explain the mutation