muslims who risked their lives to save jews during the holocaust
TRANSCRIPT
MuslimsWhoRiskedTheirLivestoSaveJewsDuringtheHolocaust:
OverviewandSourcesofInformation
CraigT.PalmerDepartmentofAnthropology
UniversityofMissouri
AmberL.PalmerDepartmentofVisual&MediaAnthropology
FreieUniversitätBerlin
MountainseastofTirana,Albania
HowwecametostudythissubjectThePuzzleofAltruism
MoralElevationBinahYitzritFoundation
YadVashemTheRighteousAmongtheNations
YearOne(2013-2014)
HolocaustMuseumsintheUnitedStates,Canada,Israel,Germany,Poland,andHungary
*YearTwo(2014-2015)RighteousMuslimsand/orArabs
MajorStrasser:“ItispossibletheFrenchauthoritieswillfindareasontoputhimintheconcentrationcamphere.”
Casablanca(1942)
RobertSatloff“AmongtheRighteous:
LostStoriesoftheHolocaust’sLongReachintoArabLands”
ReadmoreaboutthetruestoriesinAmongtheRighteous.Plus,watchvideoclipsandextendedinterviewsaboutsomeofthepeopleprofiled.KhaledAbdulWahabAcharismatic,cosmopolitanTunisiannotonlyhidalocalJewishfamilyathisfarm,butalsoprotectedthewomenfromharm.SiAliSakkatAfteralongcareerinpublicservice,anArabnoblemanretiredtoafarm,where,oneday,hewelcomedandharboredsomeunexpectedguests--Jewishmenwhohadescapedfromalaborcampduringabattle.NissimZviliWhenthefatherofthisTunisianJewishfamilywasconscriptedforforcedlaborbytheNazis,theothersweretakentoafarmforprotectionbyanArabfriend.MoriceTondowskiAyoungPolishmanfledhiscountrytoescapethewar,butafterjoiningtheFrenchmilitary,woundupinadesertlaborcamp.SilvanShalomAfterthemalemembersofthisinfluentialJewishfamilyescapedtoavoidarrestbytheNazis,thewomenwereaidedbyacompassionateandquick-thinkingArabneighbor.HamzaAbdulJalilTheownerofaneighborhoodbathhouseinTunisiahidayoungJewishmanwhowastryingtoevadeaNazidragnetforforcedlaborers.JosephScemlaBetrayedbytheirArab'friend,'thisTunisianJewishmanandhistwosonssufferedtheultimatefate--deportationtoGermanyandexecutionataNaziprison.
MonumentsorExhibitsonArabRescuers
Algeria,Tunisia,Libya,Jordan,SaudiArabia,Iraq,Iran,Syria? asmallstonemonumentinaJewishcemeteryinTunisia Morocco KingMohammedV,TheJewishMuseuminCasablanca Egypt Mohammed“Mod”Helmy,EgyptiandoctorrecognizedasaRighteous AmongtheNations,butwhosefamilyrefusedtoaccepttheaward.
Paris
GrandeMosquéedeParisanditsrectorSiKaddour Benghabrit. *Children’sbookWestBank ThePalestinianMuseumontheHolocaustcreatedby KhaledKasabMahameedinNazareth. NeveShalom
Holocaustmemorial,JewishCemeteryBorgel,Tunis.
MonumentsorExhibitsonArabRescuers
Algeria,Tunisia,Libya,Jordan,SaudiArabia,Iraq,Iran,Syria asmallstonemonumentinaJewishcemeteryinTunisia Morocco? KingMohammedV,MoroccanJewishMuseuminCasablanca Egypt Mohammed“Mod”Helmy,EgyptiandoctorrecognizedasaRighteous AmongtheNations,butwhosefamilyrefusedtoaccepttheaward.
Paris
GrandeMosquéedeParisanditsrectorSiKaddour Benghabrit. *Children’sbookWestBank ThePalestinianMuseumontheHolocaustcreatedby KhaledKasabMahameedinNazareth. NeveShalom
MonumentsorExhibitsonArabRescuers
Algeria,Tunisia,Libya,Jordan,SaudiArabia,Iraq,Iran,Syria asmallstonemonumentinaJewishcemeteryinTunisia Morocco KingMohammedV,MoroccanJewishMuseuminCasablanca Egypt? Mohammed“Mod”Helmy
Paris GrandeMosquéedeParisanditsrectorSiKaddour Benghabrit. *Children’sbookWestBank ThePalestinianMuseumontheHolocaustcreatedby KhaledKasabMahameedinNazareth. NeveShalom
Mohamed“Mod”Helmy
Mohamed“Mod”Helmy“IfanyothercountryofferedtohonorHelmy,
wewouldhavebeenhappywithit,”MervatHassan,thewifeofHelmy’sgreat-nephew,toldtheAP.
MonumentsorExhibitsonArabRescuers
Algeria,Tunisia,Libya,Jordan,SaudiArabia,Iraq,Iran,Syria asmallstonemonumentinaJewishcemeteryinTunisia Morocco KingMohammedV,MoroccanJewishMuseuminCasablanca Egypt Mohammed“Mod”Helmy,EgyptiandoctorrecognizedasaRighteous AmongtheNations,butwhosefamilyrefusedtoaccepttheaward.
Paris?
GrandeMosquéedeParisanditsrectorSiKaddourBenghabrit. WestBank ThePalestinianMuseumontheHolocaustcreatedby KhaledKasabMahameedinNazareth. NeveShalom
"Tothememoryofthedirector,thestaffandthestudentsofthisschool,arrestedin1943and1944bytheVichypoliceandtheGestapo,deportedandexterminatedatAuschwitzbecausetheywereborn
Jewish"
MonumentsorExhibitsonArabRescuers
Algeria,Tunisia,Libya,Jordan,SaudiArabia,Iraq,Iran,Syria asmallstonemonumentinaJewishcemeteryinTunisia Morocco KingMohammedV,MoroccanJewishMuseuminCasablanca Egypt Mohammed“Mod”Helmy,EgyptiandoctorrecognizedasaRighteous AmongtheNations,butwhosefamilyrefusedtoaccepttheaward.
Paris
GrandeMosquéedeParisanditsrectorSiKaddour Benghabrit. Israel ThePalestinianMuseumontheHolocaustcreatedby KhaledKasabMahameedinNazareth. NeveShalom
MonumentsorExhibitsonArabRescuers
Algeria,Tunisia,Libya,MiddleEast asmallstonemonumentinaJewishcemeteryinTunisia Morocco KingMohammedV,MoroccanJewishMuseuminCasablanca Egypt Mohammed“Mod”Helmy,EgyptiandoctorrecognizedasaRighteous AmongtheNations,butwhosefamilyrefusedtoaccepttheaward.
Paris
GrandeMosquéedeParisanditsrectorSiKaddour Benghabrit. Israel ThePalestinianMuseumontheHolocaustcreatedby KhaledKasabMahameedinNazareth. NeveShalom
NeveShalom
1949ArmisticeAgreement
Line
IsraeliJewsandArabsPlant'GardenoftheRighteous'
toHonorForgottenHolocaustHeroes
MonumentsorExhibitsonArabRescuers Albania NormanGershman “Besa:MuslimsWhoSavedJewsDuringWorldWarII” AlbanianNationalHistoricalMuseuminTirana
Turkey SelahattinÜlkümen,Rhodes,Greece TheTurkishPassport QuincentennialFoundationMuseumofTurkishJews BosniaandHerzegovina
Amongthe"righteous"aretheHardagafamilyfromBosniawho providedshelterfortheJewishKaviliofamilywhenGermanforces occupiedBosniain1943. Halfacenturylater,theHardagaswerethemselvessavedbythe KaviliosduringtheBosnianCivilWar. TheJewishMuseumorMuseumoftheJewsofBosniaand Herzegovina Gariwo
MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimRescuers Albania NormanGershman “Besa:MuslimsWhoSavedJewsDuringWorldWarII” AlbanianNationalHistoricalMuseuminTirana
Turkey SelahattinÜlkümen,Rhodes,Greece TheTurkishPassport QuincentennialFoundationMuseumofTurkishJews BosniaandHerzegovina
Amongthe"righteous"aretheHardagafamilyfromBosniawho providedshelterfortheJewishKaviliofamilywhenGermanforces occupiedBosniain1943. Halfacenturylater,theHardagaswerethemselvessavedbythe KaviliosduringtheBosnianCivilWar. TheJewishMuseumorMuseumoftheJewsofBosniaand Herzegovina Gariwo
ALBANIANS
ALBANIANS
MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimRescuers Albania NormanGershman “Besa:MuslimsWhoSavedJewsDuringWorldWarII” AlbanianNationalHistoricalMuseuminTirana
Turkey SelahattinÜlkümen,Rhodes,Greece TheTurkishPassport QuincentennialFoundationMuseumofTurkishJews BosniaandHerzegovina
Amongthe"righteous"aretheHardagafamilyfromBosniawho providedshelterfortheJewishKaviliofamilywhenGermanforces occupiedBosniain1943. Halfacenturylater,theHardagaswerethemselvessavedbythe KaviliosduringtheBosnianCivilWar. TheJewishMuseumorMuseumoftheJewsofBosniaand Herzegovina Gariwo
AlbanianNationalHistoricalMuseuminTirana
“InhonouroftheAlbanianmenandwomenwhoduringtheNaziGermanoccupation,1943-1944,guidedbytheprincipleofbesaandatgreatrisktothemselves,shelteredandsavedthelivesofallJewishpeoplelivinginAlbania.”
“Thegatesofyoursmallcountryremainedopen,Albania.Yourauthoritiesclosedbotheyes,whennecessary,togivepoorpersecutedpeopleanotherchancetosurvivethemosthorribleofallwars.Albania,wesurvivedthesiegebecauseofyourhumanity.”EscapeThroughtheBalkans
byIreneGrunbaum
MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimRescuers
Albania NormanGershman “Besa:MuslimsWhoSavedJewsDuringWorldWarII” AlbanianNationalHistoricalMuseuminTirana
Turkey SelahattinÜlkümen,Rhodes,Greece TheTurkishPassport QuincentennialFoundationMuseumofTurkishJews BosniaandHerzegovina
Amongthe"righteous"aretheHardagafamilyfromBosniawho providedshelterfortheJewishKaviliofamilywhenGermanforces occupiedBosniain1943. Halfacenturylater,theHardagaswerethemselvessavedbythe KaviliosduringtheBosnianCivilWar. TheJewishMuseumorMuseumoftheJewsofBosniaand Herzegovina Gariwo
Rhodes,Greece
MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimRescuers
Albania NormanGershman “Besa:MuslimsWhoSavedJewsDuringWorldWarII” AlbanianNationalHistoricalMuseuminTirana
Turkey SelahattinÜlkümen,Rhodes,Greece TheTurkishPassport QuincentennialFoundationMuseumofTurkishJews BosniaandHerzegovina
Amongthe"righteous"aretheHardagafamilyfromBosniawho providedshelterfortheJewishKaviliofamilywhenGermanforces occupiedBosniain1943. Halfacenturylater,theHardagaswerethemselvessavedbythe KaviliosduringtheBosnianCivilWar. TheJewishMuseumorMuseumoftheJewsofBosniaand Herzegovina Gariwo
InoccupiedEurope,TurkeywastheonlycountrythatstoodupwhileJewsweretakentocampstobekilled.Ateveryturnitbravelyandforcefullytriedtoprotectitscitizens.
AllwhowereinvolvedinthesavingofJews,everywhere,andthereweremanyinEuropeaswell,promotedthemselvesassuch.WhereastheTurkishdiplomatswhodidthisdon’tseemtohavemadeanyefforttogetrecognition.ThismaybepartofTurkishcharacteraswell.
MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimRescuers Albania NormanGershman “Besa:MuslimsWhoSavedJewsDuringWorldWarII” AlbanianNationalHistoricalMuseuminTirana
Turkey SelahattinÜlkümen,Rhodes,Greece TheTurkishPassport QuincentennialFoundationMuseumofTurkishJews BosniaandHerzegovina
Amongthe"righteous"aretheHardagafamilyfromBosniawho providedshelterfortheJewishKaviliofamilywhenGermanforces occupiedBosniain1943. Halfacenturylater,theHardagaswerethemselvessavedbythe KaviliosduringtheBosnianCivilWar. TheJewishMuseumorMuseumoftheJewsofBosniaand Herzegovina Gariwo
TheQuincentennialFoundationMuseumofTurkishJews
Istanbul
“WallofHonor”
MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimRescuers Albania NormanGershman “Besa:MuslimsWhoSavedJewsDuringWorldWarII” AlbanianNationalHistoricalMuseuminTirana
Turkey SelahattinÜlkümen,Rhodes,Greece TheTurkishPassport QuincentennialFoundationMuseumofTurkishJews BosniaandHerzegovina Sarajevo Amongthe"righteous"aretheHardagafamilyfromBosniawho providedshelterfortheJewishKaviliofamilywhenGermanforces occupiedBosniain1943. Halfacenturylater,theHardagaswerethemselvessavedbythe KaviliosduringtheBosnianCivilWar. TheJewishMuseumorMuseumoftheJewsofBosniaand Herzegovina Gariwo
Sarajevo
Sarajevo
MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimRescuers Albania NormanGershman “Besa:MuslimsWhoSavedJewsDuringWorldWarII” AlbanianNationalHistoricalMuseuminTirana
Turkey SelahattinÜlkümen,Rhodes,Greece TheTurkishPassport QuincentennialFoundationMuseumofTurkishJews BosniaandHerzegovina Sarajevo MuseumoftheJewsofBosniaandHerzegovina Gariwo
MuseumoftheJewsofBosniaandHerzegovina
FiftyyearsaftertheHolocaust,whenin1994SarajevowasundertheattackofSerbforces,
Zejnebaandherfamilywereingreatdistress....
ItwasnowtheStateofIsraelthatpaidbackthedebtandhelpedtheHardagasintheirtimeofdistress.
ZejnebaHardaga
MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimRescuers Albania NormanGershman “Besa:MuslimsWhoSavedJewsDuringWorldWarII” AlbanianNationalHistoricalMuseuminTirana
Turkey SelahattinÜlkümen,Rhodes,Greece TheTurkishPassport QuincentennialFoundationMuseumofTurkishJews BosniaandHerzegovina Sarajevo MuseumoftheJewsofBosniaandHerzegovina Gariwo
SvetlanaBroz
SvetlanaBroz
GardensoftheRighteousSarajevo
SvetlanaBroz
GardensoftheRighteousSarajevo
SvetlanaBrozWhenarttransmitsmemorytheportraitsoftheRighteousbyFrancineMayran
GardensoftheRighteousSarajevo
SvetlanaBrozWhenarttransmitsmemorytheportraitsoftheRighteousbyFrancineMayran
AFaceInscribedwithLifeAFaceInscribedwithLife
GardensoftheRighteousSarajevo
SvetlanaBrozWhenarttransmitsmemorytheportraitsoftheRighteousbyFrancineMayran
CertificateSchoolforCivilCourage
AFaceInscribedwithLife
GardensoftheRighteousSarajevo
SvetlanaBrozWhenarttransmitsmemorytheportraitsoftheRighteousbyFrancineMayran
TheatricalPerformanceaboutCivilCourage
AFaceInscribedwithLife
DuskoKondorGARIWO
DirectoroftheSeminarsonCivilCourageFebruary22nd2007
MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimRescuers Albania NormanGershman “Besa:MuslimsWhoSavedJewsDuringWorldWarII” AlbanianNationalHistoricalMuseuminTirana
Turkey SelahattinÜlkümen,Rhodes,Greece TheTurkishPassport QuincentennialFoundationMuseumofTurkishJews BosniaandHerzegovina Sarajevo MuseumoftheJewsofBosniaandHerzegovina Gariwo Macedonia Skopje HolocaustMemorialCenterfortheJewsofMacedonia
HolocaustMemorialCenterfortheJewsofMacedonia,Skopje
MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimandArabRescuers Berlin,Germany Berlin Stolperstein “StumbleStones” ModHelmy SilentHeroesMemorialSite
London,England FaithMatters“RighteousMuslims” Amsterdam
Berlin
MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimandArabRescuers Berlin,Germany Stolperstein “StumbleStones” ModHelmy GermanResistanceMemorialCentreFoundation SilentHeroesMemorialSite
London,England FaithMatters“RighteousMuslims” Amsterdam
MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimandArabRescuers Berlin,Germany Stolperstein “StumbleStones” ModHelmy GermanResistanceMemorialCentreFoundation SilentHeroesMemorialSite
London,England FaithMatters“RighteousMuslims” Amsterdam
GermanResistanceMemorialCentreFoundation
SilentHeroes
*
MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimandArabRescuers Germany Berlin Stolperstein “StumbleStones” ModHelmy GermanResistanceMemorialCentreFoundation SilentHeroesMemorialSite
London,England FaithMatters Amsterdam
Faith-MattersTheRoleofRighteousMuslims
KhaledAbdulWahab
MonumentsorExhibitsonMuslimRescuers Germany Berlin Stolperstein “StumbleStones” ModHelmy GermanResistanceMemorialCentreFoundation SilentHeroesMemorialSite
London,England FaithMatters“RighteousMuslims” Amsterdam
JewsandMuslimsSavingEachOtherTentrueinstanceswhenJewsandMuslims
–attimesriskingeverything–savedeachother'slives.
http://virtualjerusalem.com/news.php?Itemid=18921
HopefullyNot
TheEnd
IreneGrunbaumEscapeThroughtheBalkanshttps://www.amazon.com/Escape-through-Balkans-Autobiography-Grunbaum/dp/0803270828RobertSatloffAmongtheRighteous(book)https://www.amazon.com/Among-Righteous-Robert-Satloff/dp/1586485105RobertSatloffAmongtheRighteous(pbsvideo)http://www.pbs.org/newshour/spc/among-the-righteous/index.htmlhttps://www.ushmm.org/information/exhibitions/online-features/special-focus/among-the-righteousHolocaustmemorial,JewishCemeteryBorgel,Tunis.https://jewishphotolibrary.smugmug.com/AFRICA/AFRICANorth/TUNISIA/TUNIS/TNTunisJewishCemeteryBorgel/n-TBcC8F/i-WtJTFcKMoroccanJewishMuseuminCasablancahttp://casajewishmuseum.com/ModHelmyhttp://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/righteous/stories/helmy.asphttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2470135/Dr-Mohamed-Helmy-Family-Arab-honoured-saving-Jew-Nazis-rejects-award.htmlhttp://www.gedenktafeln-in-berlin.de/nc/gedenktafeln/gedenktafel-anzeige/tid/mod-helmy/
KarenGrayRuelle&DeborahDurlandDeSaixTheGrandMosqueofParis:AStoryofHowMuslimsRescuedJewsDuringtheHolocausthttps://www.amazon.com/Grand-Mosque-Paris-Muslims-Holocaust/dp/0823423042ArabInstituteforHolocaustResearch,Nazarethhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Kasab_MahameedMepeace.orghttp://mepeace.org/NeveShalom“GardenoftheRighteous”http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.730893NormanGershmanBesa:MuslimsWhoSavedJewsDuringtheHolocausthttps://www.amazon.com/Besa-Muslims-Who-Saved-Jews/dp/0815609345Besa:ThePromisehttp://besathepromise.com/thefilm.htmlPalmer,C.T.&A.L.Palmer2016“WhyTraditionalEthicalCodesPrescribingSelf-SacrificeAreaPuzzletoEvolutionaryTheory:TheExampleofBesa”JournaloftheAssociationfortheStudyofEthicalBehavior/EvolutionaryBiologyinLiterature,12(1):40-50.http://www.christopherxjjensen.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/BesaASEBL2016.pdf
JewishMuseumofRhodeshttp://www.rhodesjewishmuseum.org/QuincentennialFoundationMuseumofTurkishJewshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_TurkeyTurkishPassporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Passport_(film)MuseumoftheJewsofBosniaandHerzegovinahttp://muzejsarajeva.ba/en/depadance/the-jewish-museumhttp://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/righteous/stories/hardaga.aspGariwohttp://www.gariwo.org/en/HolocaustMemorialCenterfortheJewsofMacedonia,Skopjehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust_Memorial_Center_for_the_Jews_of_MacedoniaStolpersteinhttp://www.stolpersteine.eu/en/GermanResistanceMemorialCentreFoundationhttp://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/home/
OttoWeidt(film)http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/the-blind-hero-new-film-tells-of-unsung-schindler-otto-weidt-who-saved-jews-from-nazi-death-camps-9042395.htmlSilentHeroesMemorialSitehttp://www.museumsportal-berlin.de/en/museums/gedenkstatte-stille-helden/Faith-Mattershttp://faith-matters.org/VirtualJerusalemhttp://virtualjerusalem.com/news.php?Itemid=18921YadVashem“MuslimRescuers”http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/righteous/stories/muslim_rescuers.aspYadVashem“BesaExhibit”http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/besa/index.aspProjectAladdinhttp://www.projetaladin.org/en/en-10-2.htmlSeedsofPeacehttp://www.seedsofpeace.org/
YadVashem“MuslimRescuers”http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/righteous/stories/muslim_rescuers.aspYadVashem“BesaExhibit”http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/besa/index.asp
NamesandNumbersofRighteousAmongtheNations-perCountry&EthnicOrigin,asofJanuary1,2016ThenumbersofRighteousarenotnecessarilyanindicationoftheactualnumberofrescuersineachcountry,butreflectthecasesthatweremadeavailabletoYadVashem.Formoreinformation>>>Albania 75 Italy 671Armenia 24 Japan 1Austria 107 Latvia 135Belarus 618 Lithuania 889Belgium 1,707 Luxembourg1Bosnia 42 Macedonia 10Brazil 2 Moldova 79Bulgaria 20 Montenegro1Chile 1 Netherlands 5,516China 2 Norway 62Croatia 115 Peru 1Cuba 1 Poland 6,620CzechRepublic115 Portugal 3Denmark* 22 Romania 60Ecuador 1 Russia 197Egypt 1 Serbia 135ElSalvador 1 Slovakia 558Estonia 3 Slovenia 7France 3,925 Spain 7Georgia 1 Sweden 10Germany 587 Switzerland 47GreatBritain(Incl.Scotland)21 Turkey 1Greece 328 Ukraine 2,544Hungary 837 USA 5Indonesia 2 Vietnam 1Ireland 1 Total:26,120 http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/righteous/statistics.asp