MUSIK – TEKNIK – HELSE – en annoteret litteraturliste 110611

Denne liste er resultatet af søgning i en række databaser, herunder

musik/terapividenskabelige databaser samt de tekniske databaser ACM

og IEEE Explorer, med søgeord som music + disability +

design/interaction/composition/co-creation/interface/tactile/dementia

mm. – Listen er inklusiv, dvs. at det er en meget blandet litteratur, der

medtages. Abstracts er medtaget, hvis de er tilgængelige. Bibliografien

er baseret på databasen med samme navn, som kan tilgås på

adressen: http://www.refworks.com/refshare2/default.aspx?

r=references|

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yQ95fQb5rQoXtQw0tJ8j9IoitMoFrMb5sQ9A5MoABMkSkJ

%5b44&subscriber=4154&site=041541163653200000/

RWWS5A78380/TEKNIK-MUSIK-HELSE

Lars Ole Bonde, Senter for musikk og helse 110611

References

The king's fund Retrieved 1/11/2010, 2010, from

http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/applications/site_search/kb_search.rm?

term=music+and+health&submit.x=0&submit.y=0

[Anon]. (1986). SYMPOSIUM FOR MUSIC-THERAPY, ART-THERAPY AND DANCE-THERAPY +

MUNSTER WORKSHOPS. BALLETT INTERNATIONAL, 9(4), 56-56.

Aasgaard, T. (2002). Song Creations by Children with Cancer - Process and Meaning. (Ph.D.,

Aalborg University). , 242 + 42 + CD.

Abstract can be found at www.musik.auc.dk

Adams, J. (1992). SwitchEnsemble [music program]. Computing Applications to Assist Persons

with Disabilities, 1992., Proceedings of the Johns Hopkins National Search for, 128.

SwitchEnsemble is a music performance program written for the Apple IIGS. It provides a

large variety of age-appropriate activities for students with a broad range of physical and

cognitive abilities. SwitchEnsemble makes full use of the exceptional graphics and sound

capabilities of the IIGS and it supports a wide variety of input devices

Playin' in the band : A qualitative study of popular music styles as clinical improvisation. Aigen,

K. and New York University. Nordoff-Robbins Center for Music Therapy. (Directors). (2005).

[Video/DVD] Gilsum, NH: Barcelona Pub.

DVD contains excerpts from therapy sessions of Lloyd, a 27-year-old man with disabilities.

Aldridge, D., Schmid, W., Kaeder, M., Schmidt, C., & Ostermann, T. (2005). Functionality or

aesthetics? A pilot study of music therapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis patients.

Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 13(1), 25-33.

Anderson, T. (1999). Using music performance software with flexible control interfaces for live

performance by severely disabled musicians. EUROMICRO Conference, 1999. Proceedings.

25th, , 2 20-27 vol.2.

Andrews, T. (1997). Music therapy for non-musicians. Batavia OH: Dragonhawk Publishing.

A handbook for healing with sound, music and voice. Following the principles of holistic

health the author suggest music therapies for all the major body systems: circulation,

digestion, elimination, glands, muscles, nerves, reproduction, respiration, skeleton +

sacred sounds.

Ansdell, G. (1995). Music for life : Aspects of creative music therapy. London ; Bristol, Pa.: J.

Kingsley Publishers.

Antonietti, A. (2009). Why is music effective in rehabilitation? , 145 179-194.

In this chapter a conceptual foundation of employing music in rehabilitation is highlighted.

The basic assumption is that, when a person is involved in performing or listening to

music, she has a comprehensive experience in which several mental registers are

activated simultaneously. The specific effect of music is to trigger a coordinated action of

motor, visuospatial and verbal mechanisms. Thanks to the synergic activation of these

mechanisms, music can stimulate, support and driven the mental functions to be

rehabilitated. © 2009 The authors and IOS Press. All rights reserved.

Argstatter, H., Plinkert, P., & Bolay, H. (2007). Music therapy for tinnitus patients. HNO, 55(5),

375-+.

Aris, S. A. M., Sulaiman, N., Hamid, N. H. A., & Taib, M. N. (2010). Initial investigation on alpha

asymmetry during listening to therapy music. Signal Processing and Its Applications

(CSPA), 2010 6th International Colloquium on, 1-4.

Several studies had shown that frontal alpha-asymmetry is closely related to emotions

and motivation. The present study is to investigate the frontal alpha asymmetry during

listening to the therapy musical piece. Electroencephalograph (EEG) was used to

investigate the emotions states of relax, tense, sad or not focus. 10 participants were

involved in this study. Mean power of both hemispheres was computed and the

Asymmetry Relation Ratio (ARR) was calculated. From the calculation, individuals with

relatively positive ratio shows more relax than the negative ratio.

Armstrong, D. (2003). Quality of life as an innovative health technology. Swindon: Economic

and Social Research Council.

Author index.(1999). Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, IEEE, 18(6), 101-104.

Baker, F., Wigram, T., Stott, D., & McFerran, K. (2009). Therapeutic songwriting in music

therapy, part II: Comparing the literature with practice across diverse clinical populations.

Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 18(1), 32-56.

A growing body of literature on therapeutic songwriting with diverse clinical populations

indicates that clinicians employ a wide range of approaches. The purpose of this research

was to establish trends in the clinical practice of songwriting as implemented across a

range of clinical populations. Responses to a 21-question online survey were obtained

from 419 professional music therapists practicing in 29 countries which focused on

approaches to songwriting within their practice with a single clinical population. Results

suggest that, in general, the literature provides good representation for what is occurring

in clinical practice. Generally, songs were composed with individual clients in single

sessions, with lyrics created prior to the music. Clinicians had a significant role in creating

the music with improvised and pre- determined musical structures being equally

employed. Chi-square or comparable Exact tests (Fisher-Freeman-Halton) were applied to

the data and significant associations were found according to clinical populations,

particularly with respect the number of sessions required to complete a song, approaches

to composing lyrics and music, the context with which songwriting was employed, and the

types of allied health professionals involved in the songwriting interventions. There is a

distinct absence of songwriting literature as applied in developmental disability, autism

spectrum disorder, and aged care contexts so the resulting practice trends offered here

contribute to the increasing body of knowledge about songwriting practices. © 2009 The

Grieg Academy Music Research Therapy Centre.

Ballard, C., Brown, R., Fossey, J., Douglas, S., Bradley, P., Hancock, J., et al. (2009). Brief

psychosocial therapy for the treatment of agitation in aalzheimer disease (the CALM-AD

trial). American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(9), 726-733.

BACKGROUND: Good practice guidelines state that a psychological intervention should

usually precede pharmacotherapy, but there are no data evaluating the feasibility of

psychological interventions used in this way. METHODS: At the first stage of a randomized

blinded placebo-controlled trial, 318 patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) with clinically

significant agitated behavior were treated in an open design with a psychological

intervention (brief psychosocial therapy [BPST]) for 4 weeks, preceding randomization to

pharmacotherapy. The therapy involved social interaction, personalized music, or removal

of environmental triggers. RESULTS: Overall, 318 patients with AD completed BPST with

an improvement of 5.6 points on the total Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI;

mean [SD], 63.3 [16.0] to 57.7 [18.4], t = 4.8, df = 317, p 95% of patients. More detailed

evaluation of outcome was completed for the 198 patients with AD from these centers,

who experienced a mean improvement of 6.6 points on the total CMAI (mean [SD], 62.2

[14.3] to 55.6 [15.8], t = 6.5, df = 197, p < 0.0001). Overall, 43% of participants achieved

a 30% improvement in their level of agitation. CONCLUSION: The specific attributable

benefits of BPST cannot be determined from an open trial. However, the BPST therapy

was feasible and was successfully delivered according to an operationalized manual. The

encouraging outcome indicates the need for a randomized controlled trial of BPST.

Copyright © 2009 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.

Barham, P. A. J., Oxley, P. R., Ayala, B. E., & Alexander, J. J. (1995). The ergonomic and safety

implications of in-car ATT devices-evidence from field trials with elderly drivers. Design of

the Driver Interface, IEE Colloquium on, 4/1-4/3.

Benveniste, S., Jouvelot, P., Lecourt, E., & Michel, R. (2009). Designing wiimprovisation for

mediation in group music therapy with children suffering from behavioral disorders. 18-

26.

We present qualitative experimental evidence that the " Wiimprovisation" process of

using Nintendo Wiimotes as virtual instruments linked to a musical sound system within

the framework of Group Music Therapy sessions can provide effective psychodynamic

mediation for patients. We designed and implemented specific modalities for movement-

based sound control and tested our tool in two clinical settings with children (age 7 to 12)

suffering from behavioral disorders. Our preliminary results show immediate acceptance

of, long term motivation for and meaningful expression through our system by patients.

Future work will focus on assessing the therapeutic potential of our platform's

personalization features in a controlled experiment. Copyright 2009 ACM.

Brodsky, W. (1989). Music therapy as an intervention for children with cancer in isolation

rooms. first international paediatric oncology nursing meeting (1987, jerusalem, israel).

Music Therapy, 8(1), 17-34.

Discusses the use of music therapy (MT) for hospitalized medical and oncology patients.

MT has been shown to be more effective in stimulating verbalization of hospital

experiences, resolving anxiety and fear-provoking fantasies, and aiding more positive

affect than are other therapies. A clinical program is described in which MT is a primary

intervention for pediatric oncology patients in isolation rooms. Using a musicomputer of

advanced microtechnology and various song activities, children participate in

interpersonal interactions and shared musical experiences. MT encounters help to

mobilize ego strengths and coping abilities, as well as provide a vehicle for emotional

expression. Four case vignettes illustrate these interventions. (PsycLIT Database

Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved)

Carswell, W., McCullagh, P. J., Augusto, J. C., Martin, S., Mulvenna, M. D., Zheng, H., et al.

(2009). A review of the role of assistive technology for people with dementia in the hours

of darkness. Technology and Health Care, 17(4), 281-304.

Assistive Technology (AT) has been utilized to support people with dementia (PwD) and

their carers in the home. Such support can extend the time that PwD can remain safely at

home and reduce the burden on the tertiary healthcare sector. Technology can assist

people in the hours of darkness as well as during the day. The objective of this literature

review is to evaluate reported healthcare technologies appropriate to night time care.

This paper summarises and categorises the current evidence base. In all, 131 abstracts

were returned from a database search, yielding fifty four relevant papers which were

considered in detail. While night-time specific studies identified very few papers (4

papers, 7%), most of the more general AT findings could be adopted to benefit night-time

assistance. Studies have used technology for prompting and reminding as loss of time

and forgetfulness are major problems; for monitoring daily activities in a sensor enriched

environment and utilised location aware technologies to provide information to enhance

safety. Technology also supports a range of therapies to alleviate symptoms. Therapies

include the delivery of music and familial pictures for reminiscing, the use of light therapy

to enhance wellbeing and the provision of mental tasks to stimulate the brain and

maintain activity levels. © 2009-IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.

Cheng, P., & Chen, R. (2010). Study on therapeutic effect of music therapy on patients with

dental anxiety of College Students. E-Health Networking, Digital Ecosystems and

Technologies (EDT), 2010 International Conference on, , 1 12-14.

Dental anxiety (DA) is the psychology obstacle of the dental patients in the dental

treatment. It has been an important problem thait hampers dental care service in

common people, especially in College Students of many countries. The serious dental

anxiety not only injures oral health and physical and mental health of patients but also

affects university students' normal study and life. The intervention treatment was carried

out in college students with dental anxiety through music therapy, so as to eliminate their

misgiving and fear. Different music is chosen according to different grades and hobbies of

colleage students, then the doctor carried out careful operation when the patient enjoying

music. We should measure and record the students' symptoms of diseases and reaction,

so as to get score of dental anxiety scale(DAS) about preoperativcly and inrtaoperativcly.

By using the music therapy and humanized nursing in college students with dental

anxiety, we could obviously relieve their symptoms and dreadful emotion.

Chiu, H. W., Lin, L. S., Kuo, M. C., Chiang, H. S., & Hsu, C. Y. (2003). Using heart rate variability

analysis to assess the effect of music therapy on anxiety reduction of patients. Computers

in Cardiology, 2003, 469-472.

Music therapy has been considered to reduce the anxiety of patients, but the mechanism

of music therapy remains to be investigated. Psychophysiological researchers have

revealed that the autonomic activities relate to the anxiety. Heart rate variability (HRV)

analysis has been used to assess the autonomic activities hence it may be a useful tool

for evaluate the effects of music therapy on anxiety reduction of patients. In this study,

we attempted using HRV analysis to display the effect of music therapy on autonomic

balance. 68 patients attending extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) were

included, among them 34 patients (music therapy group) were randomly selected to

undergo a music therapy (listening to a natural music) to reduce their anxiety for

upcoming operation, the rest patients were be the control group. The short-term (5

minutes) HRV parameters of all patients before and undergoing music therapy were

computed. The results revealed that the standard deviation of RR intervals (SDRR) and

high frequency spectral power (HF power) of HRV significantly increased in the music

therapy group while they did not change in the control group. Since SDRR and HF power

of HR V are considered as markers for vagal activities music therapy seems to increase

the vagal activity of patients. This study demonstrated that listening to the music has the

influences on autonomic control. Using HRV analysis can help evaluating the effects of

music therapy.

Cook, A. M., Bentz, B., Harbottle, N., Lynch, C., & Miller, B. (2005). School-based use of a

robotic arm system by children with disabilities. Neural Systems and Rehabilitation

Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, 13(4), 452-460.

A robotic arm system was developed for use by children who had very severe motor

disabilities and varying levels of cognitive and language skills. The children used the robot

in a three-task sequence routine to dig objects from a tub of dry macaroni. The robotic

system was used in the child's school for 12-15 sessions over a period of four weeks. Goal

attainment scaling indicated improvement in all children in operational competence of the

robot, and varying levels of gain in functional skill development with the robot and in

carryover to the classroom from the robot experiments. Teacher interviews revealed

gains in classroom participation, expressive language (vocalizations, symbolic

communication), and a high degree of interest by the children in the robot tasks. The

teachers also recommended that the robot should have more color, contrast and

character, as well as generating sounds and/or music for student cues. They also felt that

the robotic system accuracy should be increased so that teacher assistance is not

necessary to complete the task.

Cooper, R. G., Al-Muhtadi, J., & Ashford, R. (2008). Smart Spaces with Real-Time Physiological

Measurement and Mitigation of Stress. Pervasive Computing and Applications, 2008.

ICPCA 2008. Third International Conference on, , 1 3-8.

We propose the use of context-aware smart space technology that is able to monitor

physiological signs of a user in real-time. The smart space informs the user when they are

stressed and automatically initiate an appropriate stress-relieving response via a

selection of scenarios. Using the Nexus-10 we measured on single male subject

physiological responses by comparison with baseline music, video, coffee, photo and

game participation. Music and a (coffee) break are more beneficial in reducing BP, than

watching a comical video. Taking a break also reduces the breaths/min. EMG responses

were reduced during music suggestive of adoption of a listening posture, and the low

EEG, suggests important aspects of appealing music therapy during relaxation. We

recommend a combination of music and regular (coffee) breaks in a stressful situation.

We configure a smart space to automatically initiate music and coffee breaks when the

stress levels of the user reach a specific threshold.

Correa, A. G. D., Ficheman, I. K., do Nascimento, M., & de, D. L. (2009). Computer Assisted

Music Therapy: A Case Study of an Augmented Reality Musical System for Children with

Cerebral Palsy Rehabilitation. Advanced Learning Technologies, 2009. ICALT 2009. Ninth

IEEE International Conference on, 218-220.

This article presents an experiment conducted with an augmented reality musical system

for music therapy. In this system, colored cards with graphic symbols replace the music

keyboard. Unlike the keyboard, composed of unchangeable and fixed keys, in this system

the therapist can print cards of different sizes and place them in various ways, according

to the desired motor exercise. Each card represents a different musical note in the timbre

of a given musical instrument. A colored virtual cube is attached to each card. A music

therapist initially evaluated the system and later an experiment was conducted with a

child with cerebral palsy. Results showed the potential of this software in the

rehabilitation process.

Correa, A. G. D., de Assis, G. A., Nascimento, M. d., Ficheman, I., & Lopes, R. d. D. (2007).

GenVirtual: An Augmented Reality Musical Game for Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation.

Virtual Rehabilitation, 2007, 1-6.

Electronic games have been used to stimulate cognitive functions such as attention,

concentration and memory. This paper presents GenVirtual, which is an augmented

reality musical game and is proposed to help people with learning disabilities. The

intention is to help the patient in the following skills: creativity, attention, memory

(storage and retrieval), planning, concentration, ready-response, hearing and visual

perception, and motor coordination. The therapist has flexibility to place the musical and

visual elements, allowing him to create different scenarios to each patient. GenVirtual

uses Augmented Reality technology to allow people with physical disorders to interact

with the game. Patients with no fingers can also play this game. GenVirtual was evaluated

by a music therapist who considered it as a facilitating and motivating game to the

learning process and that it has the potential to improve the life of the people with special

needs.

Detriche, J. M., Lesigne, B., Mandin, P., & Sgarbi, F. (1990). Man machine cooperation in the

robotized system MASTER. High-Tech Help for the Handicapped, IEE Colloquium on, 3/1-

3/4.

Dong, Q., Li, Y., Hu, B., Liu, Q., Li, X., & Liu, L. (2010). A solution on ubiquitous EEG-based

biofeedback music therapy. Pervasive Computing and Applications (ICPCA), 2010 5th

International Conference on, 32-37.

Nowadays, many people suffer from negative moods like sadness or anxiety. As an

effective tool to relieve such moods, music therapy is widely embraced. Furthermore,

researchers try to use newly developed bio-feedback technologies like

electroencephalograms (EEG) to measure the effects of music therapy since it can reflect

people's emotion sensitively and objectively. In this paper, we design a mobile platform of

music therapy based on EEG feedback. The platform can record user's EEG in real time,

analyze the emotion state, and choose a suitable music track to play. Users can adjust

their emotion at anytime and anywhere. They can examine the therapeutic effects in time

by observing EEG feedback on mobile client. In consideration of the hardware and

software resources of mobile device limitations, we only collect EEG data from two

channels and barely compute beta/alpha power ratio and alpha lateralization as the signal

features used to measure test subjects' emotion status. Accordingly, we've committed

experiments involving 4 subjects. Preliminary results show that the prototype design of

the music therapy is fitful and it can be used in the mobile platform because of its

simplicity and accuracy.

Eddon, G. (1992). Danny's Rooms [multimedia game]. Computing Applications to Assist

Persons with Disabilities, 1992., Proceedings of the Johns Hopkins National Search for, 78-

79.

Danny's Rooms is a multimedia game for autistic people that holds users' attention

through the use of graphics, music, and animation. It incorporates digitized photographs

and voice capabilities to allow the student to see and hear people whom he knows. A

unique feature of Danny's Room is the menu screen, through which the user is able to

make game choices independently

Frishman, W. H., Grattan, J. G., Mamtani, R., Rahimtoola, S. H., Alpert, J. S., Bonow, R. O., et al.

(2005). Alternative and complementary medical approaches in the prevention and

treatment of cardiovascular disease. Current Problems in Cardiology, 30(8), 381-459.

Guide to the selection of musical instruments with respect to physical ability and

disability(1982). . St. Louis: Magnamusic-Baton.

Haijing, Z., & Hua, H. (2010). Status and Prospects of Music Electrotherapy. Bioinformatics and

Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE), 2010 4th International Conference on, 1-2.

Music electrotherapy is on the basis of electro-acupuncture, which combined music,

electrode with electro-acupuncture. This method draws on the characteristics of both

electrotherapy and music therapy music. Music electrotherapy through music and music

signals acting on the hearing and body, increase or improve the person's psychological,

physiological conditions, so as to achieve health, disease prevention and rehabilitation

purposes. In this article, some new ideas and methods based on programmable and

distributed automatic system are proposed, in order to improve and perfect the existing

music electrotherapy instruments.

Hannemann, C. (1992). Wireless programmable choir chimes. Computing Applications to Assist

Persons with Disabilities, 1992., Proceedings of the Johns Hopkins National Search for,

153-154.

The Music Therapy Department at Matheny wanted to organize a student hand chime

choir. The department wanted to include the students with severe motor impairments.

After consulting the Technical Resources Department, plans were made to mount the

hand bells in a rack that included solenoids, solid state relays, and jacks to plug in

switches. The only problem was the wires. Every concert was a big spaghetti party.

Switches were often disconnecting. Something needed to be done. The solution was to

make the system wireless. The final system consisted of chimes, solid state relays,

wireless transceivers, a single board computer, and other miscellaneous parts

Hiraga, R., Kato, N., & Yamasaki, T. (2006). Understanding emotion through drawings

comparison between hearing-impaired people and people with normal hearing abilities.

Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2006. SMC '06. IEEE International Conference on, , 1 103-

108.

Hirohashi, Y., & Oyama-Higa, M. (2008). The use of a non-linear analysis of pulse waves to

measure the impact of music therapy and animal therapy on psychiatric care. Systems,

Man and Cybernetics, 2008. SMC 2008. IEEE International Conference on, 3348-3352.

This study examines the psychiatric effectiveness of music therapy and animal therapy.

Unlike previous research into these modalities, the present study relies on scientifically

valid measurements of actual somatic reaction rather than on subjective reports. Earlier

work by the current authors defined fluctuation in plethysmogram readings in terms of a

Lyapunov exponent derived from activity in the sympathetic nervous system related to

the preservation of mental health. Drawing on the previous findings, this study measured

changes in the Lyapunov exponent as a function of therapy. Results demonstrated that

the Lyapunov exponent reflected the therapeutic effect of these treatments. Specifically,

an increase in the lyapunov exponent indicated nerve activation within the sympathetic

nervous system. On this basis, the authors recommend that traditional formulation

regarding a dasiahealing effectpsila (i.e., therapeutic benefit) be reconsidered.

Homenda, W. (2010). Intelligent computing technologies in music processing for blind people.

Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA), 2010 10th International Conference

on, 1400-1405.

Honisch, S. S. (. (2009). “Re-narrating disability” through musical performance. Music Theory

Online, 15(3-4)

[Unedited] The combination of disability and music performance engages two principal

dimensions: the reality of living and functioning as a musician with an impairment (lived

experience), and the outside perceptions of that reality which intrude upon an audience’s

experience of, and response to a musical performance. These two aspects of disability

affect both performer and audience in numerous complex ways; both of these dimensions

in turn are addressed, and how they intersect in the context of a live musical performance

is examined. There is a dialectical relationship between the lived reality of being a visibly

impaired musician and external views of that reality. The presence of visible physical

difference in the context of a Western art music performance disrupts conventional binary

oppositions between ability and disability, and as such opens up a space for both

performers and audiences within which they can re-think their relationships to, and

interactions with, people whose lived experiences sometimes may be very different from

their own. To support this project, Henri Giroux’s conception of culture as “the primary

sphere in which individuals, groups, and institutions engage in the art of translating the

diverse and multiple relations that mediate between private life and public concerns” is

used. Following Giroux’s assertion that “private issues” connect with “larger social

conditions”, the relationship between the private experience of physical impairment, and

the impact of physical difference on society in general and musical performance in

particular, is explored by using my own experiences as a musician with physical

impairments as a point of reference.

Hourigan, R. (. (2009). Preservice music teachers' perceptions of fieldwork experiences in a

special needs classroom. Journal of Research in Music Education, 57(2), 152.

Examines phenomenologically a special needs fieldwork experience through the

perceptions of seven participants. All of the participants were a part of a long-term field

experience. The research question was, how was this experience, assisting and teaching

students with special needs in an elementary general music context, perceived and

constructed by the participants individually, and as they collaborated and interacted with

one another, as indicated by journals, semi-structured interviews, case writing, and field

observations? A qualitative particularistic case study design was used in this

investigation. Data included journals, participant interviews, observations, and an

orientation session video. Findings suggested that the orientation process to fieldwork

with children with disabilities, which included the case method of teaching, was perceived

as valuable; observation, journaling, discussion, and the relationships that emerged were

important to the participants; and reflective practice may have occurred.

Hunt, A., Kirk, R., Abbotson, M., & Abbotson, R. (2000). Music therapy and electronic

technology. Euromicro Conference, 2000. Proceedings of the 26th, , 2 362-367 vol.2.

The paper explains how a mobile Music Therapy van was established using electronic and

computer technology developed as part of a long-term university research project. The

electronic instruments and computer programs that are used are described along with an

overview of their applied uses with children who have special needs. The technology is

shown not only to allow access to those clients otherwise alienated from music and the

music therapy, but is also beginning to provide quantitative data to expand the analytical

techniques of the therapist

Hunt, A., Kirk, R., & Neighbour, M. (2004). Multiple media interfaces for music therapy.

Multimedia, IEEE, 11(3), 50-58.

This article describes interfaces (and the supporting technological infrastructure) to

create audiovisual instruments for use in music therapy. In considering how the

multidimensional nature of sound requires multidimensional input control, we propose a

model to help designers manage the complex mapping between input devices and

multiple media software. We also itemize a research agenda.

Jensema, C., Hinton, D., & Dew, N. (1992). A computer sound cue indicator for hearing

impaired people. Computing Applications to Assist Persons with Disabilities, 1992.,

Proceedings of the Johns Hopkins National Search for, 49-52.

This paper presents a sound cue indicator for use with IBM and IBM compatible computers

that provides deaf people equal access to the sound cues and music enjoyed by the

general computer user. The display is via a ten segment frequency to light display

Jian-Ye Yu, Fan-Er Zeng, Jing-Meng Zhang, Li, Y., & Yuan-Ting Zhang. (2010). Implementation of

portable monitor based on mobile phone for music therapy on hypertension. Biomedical

Engineering and Informatics (BMEI), 2010 3rd International Conference on, , 5 1923-1926.

Hypertension is a common clinical disease and a major risk to human health.

Relationships between specific music phrases and cardiovascular variability promote

music therapy to an important part of anti-hypertension treatment. We integrate our

former related researches achievement into a new portable monitor based on smart

phone. The new portable device which is made up of health accessories and mobile

software, can measure user's blood pressure (BP) with a cuff-less technique, do data

processing, display waveforms and parameters and play selected music. The strategy of

music selection is based on correlation coefficient, which derived from rhythm of music

phrases and blood pressure. The coefficient determines the type of music should be

selected and played.

Kara, S., & Ozel, P. (2007). Determination of Effects of Different Music on Frontal Muscle by

Using EMG Signal. Frontiers in the Convergence of Bioscience and Information

Technologies, 2007. FBIT 2007, 449-452.

Music has a myriad of health-related benefits, both psychological and physiological.

However, because the healthful effects of music have not been fully explored

scientifically, many questions about the clinical efficacy of music are yet to be answered.

In this study the musical selections used were reed flute sound and hard rock music. The

information obtained from the present study adds significantly to what is known about the

relaxing properties of music, by investigating how exposure to different styles of music

the psychophysiological aspects of anxiety. The physiological measure was frontalis

electromyography. EMG data taken from individual before music was listened, during

listening to reed flute sound and during listening to hard rock music, were examined to

extracted power spectral density by welch method which is use to evaluate unstable sign.

Power spectral densities of during listening to reed flute and hard rock music were

determined differently compared with psd of without music situation. As reed flute sound

triggered off the decreased psd value, hard rock music triggered off the increased psd

value. There is a reverse ratio between PSD on muscle and relief amount. In conclusion,

listening to reed flute music has relaxing property according to hard rock music on frontal

muscle.

Kerchner, J. L. (. A. I. )., & Abril, C. R. (. A. I. ). (2009). Musical experience in our lives: Things we

learn and meanings we make. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Education (MD) Lanham,

MD.

Kirk, R., Hunt, A., Hildred, M., & Verity, A. (2000). The role of gesture in environmental control.

Euromicro Conference, 2000. Proceedings of the 26th, , 2 377-383 vol.2.

Kittay, J. (. (2008). The sound surround: Exploring how one might design the everyday

soundscape for the truly captive audience. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 17(1), 41.

Just as we care about adapting physical spaces and visual environments for the

residences of those with severe disabilities, so we should monitor and design everyday

sound environments (which include music and non-music sounds). This imperative is

particularly important given that, no matter what their cognitive disabilities, many such

residents are both particularly attuned to sounds in their environment and particularly

vulnerable to them. But exactly how to adapt and design sound environments has not

been systematically thought through; there is no consistent research tradition specific to

this goal. The many related disciplines that can be of help in laying the groundwork are

reviewed. Aspects of music therapy theory and practice are considered. Music therapy

should give more sustained attention to the everyday soundscape of the clients and

communities it serves.

Kunieda, S., & Jingu, H. (2005). Kansei interaction between fragrance and behavior in music

therapy. Networking, Sensing and Control, 2005. Proceedings. 2005 IEEE, 609-614.

The aim of this study is to clarify the effect which aroma (fragrance and/or flavor) push to

the behavior in a scene of the music therapy. The music therapy is designed to improve

the functioning of mind and body at using which music has the function and role for the

illness and health. And this therapy is used in broad fields such as a mental disease, a

dementia, a handicap, and a terminal care, etc., however, the rehabilitation effect is not

clear. So, we studied the behavioral effect to the demented elderly by using the rhythm

instrument with and/or without the four types of fragrances, which are all natural oils. The

frequency which the musical instruments were shaken by elderly was measured as active

index, and was compared, under the condition of with and/or without fragrance. Result

showed different improvement in the behavior depending on the kind of fragrance.

Peppermint oil activated the behavior, and cinnamon oil inactivated the behavior. Similar

effects of peppermint and cinnamon were observed in the evaluation of music therapy

scene. The aroma strengths of these four fragrances were weak enough, so the elderly

participants were not conscious of the aroma. If the participants were to try to find the

character of these fragrances, they would need to pay attention and consciously aware of

the aroma. We concluded that the fragrances have had the subliminal effect on the

participant, as a result affected the behavior of the elderly. We propose the new function

of the aroma and the improvement in the music therapy effect by clarifying Kansei

interaction of the aroma and behavior in this research. Moreover, we think that it is

important also from the viewpoint of transfer of scent information to research the human

activity to a scent stimulus.

Kurizuka, Y., Miyake, Y., & Kobayashi, Y. (2004). Co-creative walking support as music therapy.

Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2004. ROMAN 2004. 13th IEEE

International Workshop on, 289-294.

Mutual adaptation process in musical communication is often used for walking support

and rehabilitation. But this kind of supporting system is not realized yet. So the purpose of

this research is to construct walking support system as a musical communication process.

Our strategy is to extend walk-mate system, which realizes mutual adaptation process

between human and virtual walker by exchanging step sound. We replaced this step

sound to the music performance and showed the effectiveness in the experiment of

walking support. The smoothness of gate cycle was improved in the both music

performance condition and step sound condition. But in the music condition, the

improvement of smoothness remained after the support walking. This result show the

effectiveness of this proposed system as a walking support.

Lee, K. L., Schwarz, E., & Mak, K. Y. (1993). Improving oral health through understanding the

meaning of health and disease in a chinese culture. Int Dent J, 43(1), 2-8.

Advances in modern technology have undoubtedly been of benefit to dentistry in its

preventive and curative activities for populations worldwide. Studies, mainly from

Western societies, show nonetheless that utilisation of services or adoption of preventive

methods are not taken up at satisfactory levels. The focus of this paper is on the special

problems in a Chinese society where major differences exist between the traditional lay

health concepts and the modernised professional ones. Traditional Chinese health

concepts comprise the balance between and interaction of 'Yin' and 'Yang', the vital

forces in both the universe and in man's body, as the basis for maintaining health. To

restore a disturbed equilibrium of vital forces, which will manifest itself as disease, a

range of dietary products are available in Hong Kong, for example cooling herb tea to

reduce fire from the stomach producing gum disease. Seeking dental treatment from

dentists could be delayed or made 'unnecessary' due to reliance on home remedies. This

could reduce the effectiveness of any planned health education activities and dental

services available for improving the oral health status of the community according to

prevailing Western concepts. An understanding of the cultural meaning of dental disease

is fundamental to changing beliefs and attitudes of people in order to improve the oral

health of the community.

Li, C., & Niu, J. (2007). The Study on Ultrasonic Acupuncture Synthetical Instrument for Brain

Paralysis. Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 2007. ICBBE 2007. The 1st

International Conference on, 1165-1168.

Brain paralysis disease incidence rate reaches as high as 0.27% in our newborns. It has

brought the serious attack to the general patient's family. It has said that dolphin human

therapy is effective to cure brain paralysis. But it is too expensive to general patient

family. In order to solve this problem, the ultrasonic synthetical instrument which is

studied may treat the body paralysis which brain paralysis causes. It simulates the valid

part ultrasonic which is radiated by dolphin and has treatment result. It also may start the

compensation of brain cell simultaneously. This design of instrument achieves the modern

medical idea which is to treat paralysis and brain at the same time. Uses modulate

technology and music therapy, then can avoid the attenuation which is caused in long-

term function and patient's dread, the ultrasonic treatment elementary knowledge and

the advantage of ultrasonic acupuncture are also introduced briefly, and the concept of

this instrument is given finally.

Liu, H., Hu, J., & Rauterberg, M. (2010). LsM: A new location and emotion aware web-based

interactive music system. Consumer Electronics (ICCE), 2010 Digest of Technical Papers

International Conference on, 253-254.

Loeser, C. (., & Crowley, V. (. (2009). A natural ear for music? hearing (dis)abled masculinities.

Popular Music, 28(3), 411.

[Unedited] Musical performances on the bass guitar, able to be felt bodily beyond the ear,

connect into the many layers of affect that music excites, but are particularly potent as a

means of communicating embodied masculinity for one young man with a hearing

disability. Masculinity as a social code enacted within practices of the everyday involves

both the affect and the effect of difference. The bass guitar, the instrument which drives a

band's sound and rhythm, is part of the performativity of masculinity within popular music

—visually, and at the level of sound, as auricular materiality—an embodied sensation

where the feel of sound through the body constitutes a language in which desirable and

undesirable modes of masculinity become appropriated and defined. Displays of musical

prowess on the bass guitar open a space for becoming unfixed from the identity and

abject status of hearing-disabled Other. This 'Othering' occurs primarily in everyday

spoken encounters where difficulties with hearing and speech limit opportunities for

occupying a viable masculine positioning. By contrast, the capacity to fit the sensory and

sensual prompts that trigger recognition of masculinity within popular music enables the

reassembling of an embodied masculine identity for a hearing-disabled young man.

Masculinity and disability are rendered reversible and exchangeable—performative

productions that are excessive and transgressive, contingent on the sensory perceptions

of self and others. This emphasis on embodied communicative practice through the play

of bass guitar provides an important counterweight to representational forms of

embodied gendered subjectivity that continue to predominate in some modes of disability

and gender theorizing. It constitutes a forceful assertion of how everyday embodied

interactions are irrevocably coupled with mobile and transient masculine and disabled

aesthetic identifications.

Low, Y. F., Argstatter, H., Bolay, H. V., & Strauss, D. J. (2008). Evaluation of a compact tinnitus

therapy by electrophysiological tinnitus decompensation measures. Engineering in

Medicine and Biology Society, 2008. EMBS 2008. 30th Annual International Conference of

the IEEE, 5132-5135.

Large-scale neural correlates of the tinnitus decompensation have been identified by

using wavelet phase stability criteria of single sweep sequences of auditory late

responses (ALRs). Our previous work showed that the synchronization stability in ALR

sequences might be used for objective quantification of the tinnitus decompensation and

attention which link to Jastreboff tinnitus model.

Magee, W. L., & Burland, K. (2008). An exploratory study of the use of electronic music

technologies in clinical music therapy. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 17(2), 124-141.

In line with wider health and educational services, there is a growing demand for music

therapists to apply electronic music technologies in clinical practice. Despite a handful of

accounts indicating the benefits these tools offer, an objective assessment of their role in

music therapy and guidelines for their application in therapy are lacking. A qualitative

study collected data in semi-structured individual interviews from music therapists

experienced in using electronic equipment using MIDI generated sounds triggered by

specialist input devices. Interview transcripts were analyzed independently by two

multidisciplinary investigators using open coding procedures from Grounded Theory, with

member checking to enhance credibility. The findings propose a five-step treatment

model when using technologies with people with complex needs. Accurate assessment of

movement, positioning of the technology, and establishing the client's awareness of

cause and effect are central to meeting clinical aims. Clinical indicators include complex

physical and sensory disabilities, motivational problems, and specific needs pertaining to

expression of identity. Their use is contraindicated in cases where it is known the client

has no awareness of cause and effect.

Maricic, A., & Hiew, P. L. (2005). Biofeedback computer game-based training. ELMAR, 2005.

47th International Symposium, 185-188.

The application of multimedia technology has been many in our every-day life. In 2004,

using the concept of the biofeedback computer game-based training the authors of this

paper started a project at Monash University Malaysia to help students de-stress in order

to improve academic performance. This paper describes the development of a new set of

multimedia applications that combine a biofeedback technology and a concept of music

therapy in a game-based training for stress management. This paper also aims to present

a pattern for using the iterative model of a software development process The paper

concludes with a discussion about further research and development in this area

Masuda, F., & Wada, C. (2007). Character Selection with Sympathetic Skin Response when

Listening to Sounds. Innovative Computing, Information and Control, 2007. ICICIC '07.

Second International Conference on, 3-3.

Mirenkov, N., Kanev, K., & Takezawa, H. (2008). Quality of Life Supporters Employing Music

Therapy. Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Workshops, 2008. AINAW

2008. 22nd International Conference on, 1051-1056.

Mitas, A. W. (2009). Spectral Analysis in Stimuli Art Predefining in Music Therapy. Biometrics

and Kansei Engineering, 2009. ICBAKE 2009. International Conference on, 123-126.

In the paper, first a short discussion about music therapy is presented. Some important

features of the so called modern live style are pointed out in the context of humanpsilas

emotional quality. In this meaning of affective states the stimuli art of the daily music

influence as a therapy is presented. The main goal of the analysis would be to define,

what kind of soundspsila sets should be used, to reach the relaxation state of the human

body. It is presented, on the base of spectral analysis of the mechanical sound waves,

that music, which is made by mixed (bas, tenor, alt and soprano) chore, seems to be

better for these applications, that the one from an typical instrument. There exist sound

frequencies (proposed in literature) which are much easier attainable for the human voice

than for a musical instrument.

Morris, R. (. (2009). Universal design and adaptive equipment: Ideas and solutions for music

schools. Music Theory Online, 15(3-4)

[Unedited] Address the possibilities and limitations of universal design for musicians, both

performers and scholars.

Mu, Y. C., Hwa, J. S., & Hyung, S. K. (2007). Speech/Music Discrimination for Robust Speech

Recognition in Robots. Robot and Human interactive Communication, 2007. RO-MAN

2007. The 16th IEEE International Symposium on, 118-121.

Music therapy with children(1999). CD ed. By D. Aldridge. London, England: Jessica Kingsley

Publishers.

Ogawa, T., Karungaru, S., Mitsukura, Y., Fukumi, M., & Akamatsu, N. (2006). Feature Extraction

in Listen'ng to Music Using Statistical Analystis of the EEG. SICE-ICASE, 2006. International

Joint Conference, 5120-5123.

In order to solve stress problems, researchers have studied healing, especially the music

therapy. It is mentioned that objective evaluation of the music therapy is an important

assignment, and some researchers have tried objective measurement based on

physiological change. In this paper, the purpose is extraction of features that may be

influenced by the music. We pay attention to EEG (electroencephalogram) as an objective

and absolute scale. This paper proposes a method that extracts features of the EEG by

the CDA (canonical discriminant analysis). From the result of the experiment, it is

suggested that the CDA extracts the features influenced by the individual and the music

type

Okita, M., Nakaura, Y., & Suto, H. (2009). A Study of Non-verbal Communication System by

Using Pictograms. Biometrics and Kansei Engineering, 2009. ICBAKE 2009. International

Conference on, 205-208.

A communication system which uses pictograms to support interactive non-verbal

communication is discussed. At first, a concept of "Pict-script" is introduced. Pict-script is

a language using pictograms,and it has following features. (1) It has high flexibility. It can

be used for not only consecutive expressions but also diagrammatic expressions. (2) It is

usable by not only people with disabilities but also people in general. It can be used for

various styles of communication. (3) Its output can indicate the userpsilas feelings. (4) It

promotes communication. (5) A picture is not necessarily correspond to a word. Second, a

communication system based on the concept of pict-script is proposed. Moreover,

features of proposed system is discussed.

Okita, M., & Suto, H. (2010). A communication medium using pictograms for media biotope.

SICE Annual Conference 2010, Proceedings of, 2183-2185.

A communication medium using pictograms for use with media biotope is discussed, and

the “Pict-script” concept is introduced. Pict-script is a language system using pictograms

that features high flexibility, so it can be used for not only sequential expressions but also

diagrammatic expressions, and high usability, so it can be used by people with

disabilities, children, the elderly, and people in general. It can also indicate the user's

feelings directly, so it can promote communication. A communication system based on

the concept of Pict-script is described, and the features of such a system are discussed.

Patrick, G. (1999). The effects of vibroacoustic music on symptom reduction. Engineering in

Medicine and Biology Magazine, IEEE, 18(2), 97-100.

This present study describes the outcome of a recreation therapy program of

vibroacoustic music (VAM) offered to hospitalized patients. In order to provide patients

with assistance in achieving the relaxation response, recreation therapists at a major

federal research hospital created several relaxation opportunities for patients and family

members. The present results suggest the value of using VAM to induce the relaxation

response in order to reduce the symptom burden of hospitalized patients. These findings

point to an avenue of future research using careful patient selection, assignment,

controls, variable dosage, and longer follow-up periods to test the durability of VAM

interventions.

Perez, L., Ettienne-Modeste, G., & Enderle, J. (2002). An updated assisted musical learning

device. Bioengineering Conference, 2002. Proceedings of the IEEE 28th Annual Northeast,

235-236.

The updated assisted musical/learning device (AMLD) is an electronic device that

combines musical creativity and educational applications into one. The AMLD affords a

person with cerebral palsy to play a musical instrument; and makes learning basic hand

and eye coordination skills through a unique control panel an enjoyable experience

Pino, P., Arnoud, P., & Brangier, E. (1998). A more efficient man/machine interface: fusion of

the interacting telethesis and smart wheelchair projects. Knowledge-Based Intelligent

Electronic Systems, 1998. Proceedings KES '98. 1998 Second International Conference on,

, 3 41-45 vol.3.

Proceedings of IDC 2009 - The 8th International Conference on Interaction Design and

Children. (2009).

The proceedings contain 69 papers. The topics discussed include: designing

wiimprovisation for mediation in group music therapy with children suffering from

behavioral disorders; designing a story-based platform for HIV/AIDS counseling with

Tanzanian children; an investigation of purpose built netbooks for primary school

education; interactive storytelling in pre-school: a case-study; ten design lessons from the

literature on child development and children's use of technology; hands on what?

comparing children's mouse-based and tangible-based interaction; how children search

the Internet with keyword interfaces; putting interference to work in the design of a

whole-class learning activity; designing for spatial competence; a novel approach to

interactive playgrounds: the interactive slide project; identifying embodied metaphors in

children's sound-action mappings; formative evaluation of a didactic software for

acquiring problem solving abilities using Prolog; and SyCo: a collaborative learning tool for

generating ideas in private and in public.

Rossi, J., Perales, F. J., Varona, J., & Roca, M. (2009). COL.diesis: Transforming Colour into

Melody and Implementing the Result in a Colour Sensor Device. Visualisation, 2009. VIZ

'09. Second International Conference in, 30-35.

This paper represents a system which explores the reality of colour in relation to sound

and dedicated firstly to blind people, the challenges they live with, their psychology and

their emotions. Itpsilas an exploration of the infinite range of colours that they have either

never been able to see or that they have lost the possibility to see. The system developed

is based on the concept of synesthesia: a dasialiaisonpsila between colour and sound,

colour that becomes sound. This paper synthesizes a wider range of study regarding

people with diverse psychological and movement conditions. It represents a new method

of expression and of self development through music therapy and game, dedicated

mainly to children aged between 5 and 13. Finally we conclude with a portable prototype

device that has been validated and patented. It is capable of detecting colour and

transforming it into sound: a colour sensor identifies colours and transforms this data into

musical notes. The prototype is totally adaptable to the requirements of the end user

meaning that the user can choose the best combination between colour and sound in

order to improve their communication with the environment. We are now developing a

mathematical theoretical background in order to formalize the correspondence between

colour and musical space.

Rossi, J., Perales, F. J., Varona, J., & Roca, M. (2009). COL.diesis: Transforming Colour into

Melody and Implementing the Result in a Colour Sensor Device. Visualisation, 2009. VIZ

'09. Second International Conference in, 30-35.

This paper represents a system which explores the reality of colour in relation to sound

and dedicated firstly to blind people, the challenges they live with, their psychology and

their emotions. Itpsilas an exploration of the infinite range of colours that they have either

never been able to see or that they have lost the possibility to see. The system developed

is based on the concept of synesthesia: a dasialiaisonpsila between colour and sound,

colour that becomes sound. This paper synthesizes a wider range of study regarding

people with diverse psychological and movement conditions. It represents a new method

of expression and of self development through music therapy and game, dedicated

mainly to children aged between 5 and 13. Finally we conclude with a portable prototype

device that has been validated and patented. It is capable of detecting colour and

transforming it into sound: a colour sensor identifies colours and transforms this data into

musical notes. The prototype is totally adaptable to the requirements of the end user

meaning that the user can choose the best combination between colour and sound in

order to improve their communication with the environment. We are now developing a

mathematical theoretical background in order to formalize the correspondence between

colour and musical space.

Schneck, D. J. (1999). From the guest editor music! music! music! Engineering in Medicine and

Biology Magazine, IEEE, 18(2), 42-43.

Scotto, C. G. (. (2009). The symbiosis of disability. Music Theory Online, 15(3-4)

[Unedited] The author explores the ways in which teaching his son (who has Asperger's

Syndrome) to navigate the social world has inflected both his teaching and his

scholarship. An examples of how this has impacted his teaching comes from the way he

had to create theories to explain social situations, which is not the way most people learn

how to interact socially. The goal of social theorizing was to help his son understand the

importance of social interactions on an emotional level. This method has become an

important part of the author's method of teaching undergraduates about 20th-c. music.

Most teachers of atonal music use theory to explain the structure of the music, but they

do not use the same theory to help students form an emotional connection to the music.

Shaftel, M. R. (. A. F. )., & Straus, J. N. (. ). (2009). Scholars with disabilities

A collection of essays on the role of disability in academic life. The essays were originally

presented in a special session at the joint meeting of the American Musicological Society

and the Society for Music Theory in Nashville, November 2008. The following contributions

are cited separately in RILM: Paul ATTINELLO, Time, work, and chronic illness (RILM 2009-

4229); Samantha BASSLER, “But you don’t look sick”: A survey of scholars with chronic,

invisible illnesses and their advice on how to live and work in academia (RILM 2009-4230);

James A. DEAVILLE, More than the blues: Clinical depression, invisible disabilities and

academe (RILM 2009-4231); Jeffrey GILLESPIE, Our common uniqueness (RILM 2009-

4236); Allen GIMBEL, Scholarship and quadriplegia (RILM 2009-4233); Stefan Sunandan

HONISCH, “Re-narrating disability” through musical performance (RILM 2009-4234);

Timothy L. JACKSON, Escaping from a black hole: Facing depression in academia (RILM

2009-4232); Jonathan KOCHAVI, How do you hear that? Autism, blindness, and teaching

music theory (RILM 2009-4250); Rebecca MORRIS, Universal design and adaptive

equipment: Ideas and solutions for music schools (RILM 2009-4251); Ciro G. SCOTTO, The

symbiosis of disability (RILM 2009-4237).

Sims, D. (1994). Multimedia camp empowers disabled kids. Computer Graphics and

Applications, IEEE, 14(1), 13-14.

Creative and artistic exploration is an important element of childhood development. Jutta

Treviranus saw how important drawing, painting, dancing, and making music were to her

five year old daughter, and she realized that some of the physically disabled children she

worked with at the Hugh MacMillan Rehabilitation Centre in Toronto, Ontario, were

missing out on an important aspect of development. As a specialist in microcomputer

applications, she also knew that computer technology-specifically art, music, multimedia,

virtual reality applications and input devices-has evolved to the point where it can fill that

gap. The result was a nine-week summer day camp where kids and adults whose

disabilities prevent them from holding a crayon or playing a musical instrument learned to

create art and music. Indeed, children as young as three years old could (with a little

help) create their own multimedia presentations

Takahashi, T., Suzuki, S., Kasumatsu, K., Shoubu, K., & Ninomija, S. P. (2000). Effectiveness

measurement of familiar songs method by means of electroencephalography. Engineering

in Medicine and Biology Society, 2000. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International

Conference of the IEEE, , 3 1887-1888 vol.3.

Using the electroencephalography measurement, it was proved that the “familiar songs

method”, a method of music therapy, was effective enough to improve the arousal level

of senile dementia. The frequency analysis of the electroencephalography shows that

crests were observed in the a wave region before the music program, and the crests were

lowered or shifted to the &beta; wave region before and after singing the familiar songs,

The result shows that the arousal level is increased by the familiar songs method

Tapus, A. (2009). Improving the Quality of Life of People with Dementia through the Use of

Socially Assistive Robots. Advanced Technologies for Enhanced Quality of Life, 2009. AT-

EQUAL '09. 81-86.

In less than 25 years, 37 million people are expected to have dementia and/or

Alzheimerpsilas disease. This significant figure is a result of several factors, including

increasing life expectancy and an ageing population in developing countries.

Alzheimerpsilas disease, a form of dementia, is a progressive brain disorder that causes

memory loss, and behavior and personality changes. People suffering from this disease

become increasingly physically and cognitively impaired; they usually need help with all

aspects of daily living. While there is currently no cure for dementia, special therapies

(e.g., arts and crafts, music therapy) can help people with dementia to live as good a life

as possible. We propose to use socially assistive robots as customized/individualized

helpers as a complement to humans. This work proposes a new adaptive socially assistive

robotic (SAR) system that aims to provide a customized protocol through motivation,

encouragement, and companionship for users suffering from cognitive changes related to

aging and/or Alzheimerpsilas disease. The robot aims to maintain/improve the userpsilas

cognitive attention in a cognitive music game setup.

Tejima, N., & Bunki, H. (2001). Feasibility of measuring the volition level in elderly patients

when using audio encouragement during gait training physical therapy. Engineering in

Medicine and Biology Society, 2001. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International

Conference of the IEEE, , 2 1393-1395 vol.2.

The purpose of this study is to find a method for measuring the volition level in elderly

patients during gait training physical therapy. First, both the walking speed and tempo of

the elderly patients were experimentally measured with a video camera under musical

stimulation, however, neither walking speed nor tempo was directly related to the

subjects' will or level of enthusiasm to undergo the gait training physical therapy. Second,

the Fm&theta; activities of EEG signals were experimentally measured while performing a

psychological task at a desk. These Fm&theta; activities seemed to be related to the

subjects' enthusiasm, however, their high level of deviation and the influence of artifacts

minimized their usefulness for this purpose.

Teng, X. F., Wong, M. Y. M., & Zhang, Y. T. (2007). The Effect of Music on Hypertensive

Patients. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007. EMBS 2007. 29th Annual

International Conference of the IEEE, 4649-4651.

The aim of this study is to examine if, and to what extent, daily listening to a certain type

of music can help hypertensive patients lower their blood pressure (BP). Experiments

were conducted at an elderly home. Thirty subjects aged 63-93 years participated in the

study and were randomly assigned into either a music group (n=15) or a control group

(n=15). There were no significant differences between the two groups in initial BP values,

age, gender, or medication status. Subjects in the music group listened to selected music,

25 min every day for 4 weeks. BP was measured twice a week by a registered nurse with

a sphygmomanometer during the 4-week study period and after the completion of the

study. Four subjects dropped from the experiment due to a change of medical conditions

or to personal reasons. After 4 weeks, the average decrease for the music group (n=12)

in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) was 11.8 mmHg (/>=0.008) and 4.7 mmHg

(/>=0.218), respectively, whereas there was no significant changes in SBP or DBP for the

control group (n=14). The results suggest that listening to a certain type of music serves

to reduce high SBP and therefore music therapy may be an alterative for hypertension

treatment.

Teng, X. F., Wong, M. Y. M., & Zhang, Y. T. (2008). The long-term effect of music on

hypertensive patients. Information Technology and Applications in Biomedicine, 2008.

ITAB 2008. International Conference on, 582-583.

Previous studies of physiological responses to music showed the reduction of blood

pressure (BP) under various medical conditions. However, the long-term lasting effect of

music on hypertensive patients has not been systematically investigated. In this study, 30

subjects aged 63-93 years were enrolled and randomly assigned into either a music group

(n=15) or a control group (n=15). There were no significant differences between two

groups in initial BP values, age, and gender. Subjects in the music group listened to

selected music, 25 min every day for 4 weeks. Four subjects dropped from the

experiment due to a change of medical conditions or personal reasons. Immediately and 4

weeks after the completion of 4-weekpsilas music treatment, the average changes for the

music group (n=12) in systolic BP (SBP) were -.7plusmn18 mmHg (p=0.01) and -

10.3plusmn17.2 mmHg (p=0.04), in diastolic BP (DBP) were -4.6plusmn9.8 mmHg

(p=0.22) and 4.0plusmn13 mmHg (p=0.24), respectively, whereas there were no

significant changes in SBP or DBP for the control group (n=14). The results suggested that

listening to a certain type of music may reduce high SBP and the effect could last up to

four weeks.

Thaut, M. H., Kenyon, G. P., Schauer, M. L., & McIntosh, G. C. (1999). The connection between

rhythmicity and brain function. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, IEEE,

18(2), 101-108.

We first present some clinical research results involving rhythmic facilitation and motor

control. We then discuss synchronization strategies for sensorimotor coupling pertaining

to rhythmic entrainment mechanisms; followed by trajectory cuing and optimization

models as they relate to rhythmic entrainment and movement control; and, finally, the

outlook for applications that may help rehabilitate motor function. Our interest in the

study of the connections between rhythm, time, and the control of movement was

stimulated from three directions: (a) the study of high-level motor control in musicians

and the effect of rhythmic cues on muscle activity in cello performance; (b) the evidence

that auditory rhythmic patterns exert a strong magnet effect on the timing of motor

responses; and (c) the clinical observation that music-therapy techniques that were

originally designed for socio-emotional needs elicited motor responses in neurologically

impaired patients that were not readily accessible by other therapies.

Thompson, B. M., & Andrews, S. R. (1999). The emerging field of sound training. Engineering in

Medicine and Biology Magazine, IEEE, 18(2), 89-96.

Sound stimulation impacts 20th century human life in myriad ways, from sonic booms to

the high-quality technological capture and delivery of music and voice through a variety

of media. This article describes the emerging field of “Sound Training”, which is a newly

proposed name that encompasses the current and evolving sound-based technologies

and methodologies. The applications of these technologies are many, with current uses in

education, health, and human development. Sound training and its technology are based

on the observations that (1) people of all ages can be trained to process incoming sound

more effectively and that (2) many people have weaknesses or problems in their ability to

process sound (listening disabilities), which affects them in a multitude of ways. Sound-

training technology consists of equipment and materials that have been designed to

produce specific effects in the listener when following recommended methods. In

educational, business, and clinical settings worldwide, sound stimulation is used with

different types of individuals (e.g., those with learning disabilities or developmental

delays, or those with a desire to learn a second language or to sing better) to achieve a

host of performance goals that have listening as their foundational skill

Tzanetakis, G., Benning, M. S., Ness, S. R., Minifie, D., & Livingston, N. (2009). Assistive music

browsing using self-organizing maps. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on

PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments, Corfu, Greece. 3:1-3:7.

Welch, G. F. (., Ockelford, A. (., Carter, F. (., Zimmermann, S. (., & Himonides, E. (. (2009).

Sounds of intent: Mapping musical behaviour and development in children and young

people with complex needs. Psychology of Music, 37(3), 348.

Reports on the first year of a research project into the design and evaluation of an original

framework for mapping behavior and development in and through music for children with

profound and multiple learning difficulties (PMLD). An initial four-month design and pilot

phase critiqued and evaluated a framework that was grounded in video-based iterative

analyses of individual case studies collected during the previous two years. The pilot

phase was followed by a sustained period of classroom-based music lesson observation in

five special schools over a period of seven months. A total of 630 observations were made

using the framework for 68 participants, ages four years and seven months to 19 years

and one month. Subsequent analyses support the general design features of the

observational framework and provide new evidence of PMLD musical behavior and

development.

Wunnava, S. V., & Williams, T. (2000). VideoNet and VoiceNet concepts help the realization of

interactive video and audio on the Internet. Southeastcon 2000. Proceedings of the IEEE,

209-212.

With recent advances in the field of data and network communications, there is an ever-

increasing demand for multimedia information transfers consisting of audio, video and

data elements. In addition, the explosion in the Internet application platforms has

practically rendered institutions like universities, commercial and industrial organizations

to adapt the multimedia communications via the Internet. As the Internet continues to

expand, a great deal of emphasis is being placed on technologies that support

interactivity and/or real time transfer of data. These include CGI, Java applets, ActiveX,

plugins, VRML, JavaScript, and VBScript. In addition, a lot of development work is being

done in areas such as real time voice and video communication as well as streaming

audio and video. The term multimedia refers to a combination of elements such as text,

graphics, images, animation, audio and video. Multimedia technology finds increasing

applications in numerous fields such as medicine, education, law, business, engineering,

science, music, entertainment, and enhancements for people with disabilities. Multimedia

on the personal computer (and the Internet) allows for the creation of a more

instructional, communicative and productive environment

Yokoyama, K., Ushida, J., Sugiura, Y., Mizuno, M., Mizuno, Y., & Takata, K. (2002). Heart rate

indication using musical data. Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, 49(7), 729-

733.

Heart rate data reflects various physiological states such as biological workload, stress at

work and concentration on tasks, drowsiness and the active state of the autonomic

nervous system. This paper proposes a system to indicate heart rate using musical data.

Music changes physiological states for the better by relaxing people, or contributing to

patient treatment through music therapy. Information in the form of music is

advantageous because it does not hinder work as does verbal information and it contains

more information than warning noises. We introduce and evaluate a prototype heart rate

indication system and describe evaluation results of biofeedback effects on the worker

during mental workload. The prototype system sequentially inputs the instantaneous

heart rate into the computer, converts the data into a musical instrument digital interface,

the digital music format, and outputs it from the sound source. The system uses an ECG

which can be measured easily.

Yu, J. Y., Huang, D. F., Li, Y., & Zhang, Y. T. (2009). Implementation of MP3 player for music

therapy on hypertension. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009. EMBC 2009.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE, 6444-6447.

Hypertension is a common clinical disease and a major risk to human health. Many clinical

findings indicate that certain types of music can reduce blood pressure (BP), and music

therapy is considered as an important part of anti-hypertension treatment. We integrate

our former related research achievement into the new MP3 player, which can also detect

the current BP value with a cuffless measurement method. According to the current BP

value, the MP3 player selects certain types of music for playing in order to alleviate the

hypertension of patients.

Zhou, P., Sui, F., Zhang, A., Wang, F., & Li, G. (2010). Music therapy on heart rate variability.

Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI), 2010 3rd International Conference on, , 3

965-968.

Music has good effects on easing pressure and treating depression. However, at present,

the evaluation of the effect of music therapy mainly depends on a number of subjective

criteria, yet there is no appropriate objective evaluation standard. Some studies have

suggested that: Heart rate variability can be used to assess the activity of sympathetic

nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system. Since music can affect the activity

of autonomic nervous system, some parameters of heart rate variability thus can be used

as indicators to measure the effect of music therapy. Our study focused on the influence

of music therapy on heart rate variability. Experiments were performed upon 16

undergraduates and 4 middle-aged women. As the music treatment goes on, subjectives

show significant relaxation. Heart rate variability in very low frequency component (VLF),

low frequency component (LF), high frequency component (HF) increase significantly after

music treatment, while the LF / HF ratio has no significant change. Approximate entropy

after music therapy is also lower than before. These studies suggest that relaxing music

can increase the activity of parasympathetic nervous system.