musical magic? - nzaba...what about manilow? • ratings obtained from high school students showed...

23
Musical Magic? Reducing Graffiti through Classical Music Andrew Mitchell & L iLl dJ Louis LelandJr.

Upload: others

Post on 22-Jan-2021

2 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •

Musical Magic?

Reducing Graffiti through Classical g gMusic

Andrew Mitchell 

&

L i L l d JLouis Leland Jr.

Page 2: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •

“There are a number of children running about the streets of Dunedin without the control of f fparents. If the government does not take them at hand they will become members of theat hand they will become members of the criminal class. Youth offending is out of control” (Lambie & Becroft 2006 p 120)control” (Lambie & Becroft, 2006, p.120).

Page 3: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •

“There is a definite relationship between the increase in the number of children on the fstreets and the increase in juvenile crime” (Lambie & Becroft 2006 p 120)(Lambie & Becroft, 2006, p.120).

Page 4: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •

• Would it surprise you if I told you the first was from 1884? And the second 1886!!!!!!!

Y h l i i d l i i l• Youth loitering and general antisocial behaviour is an age old problem.... However, we do have some new techniques for combating it...combating it...

Page 5: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •

The Mozart and Manilow MethodsThe Mozart and Manilow MethodsNot to be confused with the “Mozart Effect”

Mozart Method = Using Classical Music to d h i i l b h i ( i ildeter youth antisocial behaviour (primarily loitering)

Manilow Method = Using EasyManilow Method   Using Easy Listening/Dated Music to deter youth antisocial behaviour (primarily loitering)antisocial behaviour (primarily loitering)

Page 6: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •

Mozart MethodMozart Method

Page 7: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •

Manilow MethodManilow Method

Page 8: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •

Purpose: To measure the effect of classical i i l ffi i dmusic as a potential graffiti deterrent

Hypothesis: That there would be more graffiti d it d h l i l i tdeposited when classical music was not playing, and that there would be less deposited when classical music was playing.

Page 9: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •

The SettingThe Setting

• The setting was a back alley car park area located behind the centre city McDonalds in yDunedin

• The area which was particularly plagued by• The area which was particularly plagued by graffiti was the far wall in which the fire exit 

lk l f h ll h bwalk way was located. Of this wall the bottom left corner under the awning was a particularly popular spot to be vandalised.

Page 10: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •
Page 11: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •

DesignDesign

l i l b li h l• Multi‐element baseline over two school holiday periods in September and April

• The classical music was a two CD set namedThe classical music was a two CD set named ‘Simply the Best Classical Anthems’

• Graffiti was counted each morning and music was changed according to the randomised schedule

Page 12: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •

Operational DefinitionOperational Definition

“ h i d i i i d fi• “Any unauthorised inscription, word, figure, painting or other defacement that is written, marked, scratched, sprayed, drawn, affixed, painted or engraved on the designated concrete block wall. A picture, phrase, word, or symbol is counted as one unit of graffiti. If one piece of graffiti is drawn on top of another it was counted as two” 

Adapted from Willet (1996)

Page 13: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •

ResultsResults

• A one‐way analysis of variance with repeated measures showed a significant difference, gF(1,16) = 21.884. p<.0003

• A 83% reduction in graffiti had occurred while music was playing. Down an average of 2.3 pieces per day.pieces per day. 

Page 14: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •

Reliability and Cost BenefitReliability and Cost Benefit

• A reliability recorder was present 29% of the time with an accuracy between recorders of y97%

• If the intervention was continued over a five year period it would cost 75c for every piece of graffiti that was reduced including all costsof graffiti that was reduced including all costs e.g. sound system.

Page 15: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •

DiscussionDiscussion

• Mozart Method worked... But only for graffiti...g

• Other studies attempting to measure loitering and litter have failed to show a differenceand litter have failed to show a difference

Page 16: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •

Why?Why?

Two Hypotheses

• ‘Uncool’ hypothesis – That adolescencesUncool  hypothesis That adolescences leave the area because the music is incongruent with their self viewincongruent with their self view

• Reduced arousal hypothesis – That adolescences stay but the music has a calming effect on their behavioureffect on their behaviour 

Page 17: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •

What about Manilow?What about Manilow?

Page 18: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •

What about Manilow?What about Manilow?

• Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the ysame category as Annoying Asian Karaoke 

• While Barry Manilow’s music was considered moderately popular!!!!!!

• Further research using Barry is needed!

Page 19: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •
Page 20: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •
Page 21: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •
Page 22: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •
Page 23: Musical Magic? - NZABA...What about Manilow? • Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the same category as Annoying Asian Karaoke •