musical magic? - nzaba...what about manilow? • ratings obtained from high school students showed...
TRANSCRIPT
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Musical Magic?
Reducing Graffiti through Classical g gMusic
Andrew Mitchell
&
L i L l d JLouis Leland Jr.
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“There are a number of children running about the streets of Dunedin without the control of f fparents. If the government does not take them at hand they will become members of theat hand they will become members of the criminal class. Youth offending is out of control” (Lambie & Becroft 2006 p 120)control” (Lambie & Becroft, 2006, p.120).
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“There is a definite relationship between the increase in the number of children on the fstreets and the increase in juvenile crime” (Lambie & Becroft 2006 p 120)(Lambie & Becroft, 2006, p.120).
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• Would it surprise you if I told you the first was from 1884? And the second 1886!!!!!!!
Y h l i i d l i i l• Youth loitering and general antisocial behaviour is an age old problem.... However, we do have some new techniques for combating it...combating it...
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The Mozart and Manilow MethodsThe Mozart and Manilow MethodsNot to be confused with the “Mozart Effect”
Mozart Method = Using Classical Music to d h i i l b h i ( i ildeter youth antisocial behaviour (primarily loitering)
Manilow Method = Using EasyManilow Method Using Easy Listening/Dated Music to deter youth antisocial behaviour (primarily loitering)antisocial behaviour (primarily loitering)
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Mozart MethodMozart Method
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Manilow MethodManilow Method
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Purpose: To measure the effect of classical i i l ffi i dmusic as a potential graffiti deterrent
Hypothesis: That there would be more graffiti d it d h l i l i tdeposited when classical music was not playing, and that there would be less deposited when classical music was playing.
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The SettingThe Setting
• The setting was a back alley car park area located behind the centre city McDonalds in yDunedin
• The area which was particularly plagued by• The area which was particularly plagued by graffiti was the far wall in which the fire exit
lk l f h ll h bwalk way was located. Of this wall the bottom left corner under the awning was a particularly popular spot to be vandalised.
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DesignDesign
l i l b li h l• Multi‐element baseline over two school holiday periods in September and April
• The classical music was a two CD set namedThe classical music was a two CD set named ‘Simply the Best Classical Anthems’
• Graffiti was counted each morning and music was changed according to the randomised schedule
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Operational DefinitionOperational Definition
“ h i d i i i d fi• “Any unauthorised inscription, word, figure, painting or other defacement that is written, marked, scratched, sprayed, drawn, affixed, painted or engraved on the designated concrete block wall. A picture, phrase, word, or symbol is counted as one unit of graffiti. If one piece of graffiti is drawn on top of another it was counted as two”
Adapted from Willet (1996)
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ResultsResults
• A one‐way analysis of variance with repeated measures showed a significant difference, gF(1,16) = 21.884. p<.0003
• A 83% reduction in graffiti had occurred while music was playing. Down an average of 2.3 pieces per day.pieces per day.
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Reliability and Cost BenefitReliability and Cost Benefit
• A reliability recorder was present 29% of the time with an accuracy between recorders of y97%
• If the intervention was continued over a five year period it would cost 75c for every piece of graffiti that was reduced including all costsof graffiti that was reduced including all costs e.g. sound system.
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DiscussionDiscussion
• Mozart Method worked... But only for graffiti...g
• Other studies attempting to measure loitering and litter have failed to show a differenceand litter have failed to show a difference
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Why?Why?
Two Hypotheses
• ‘Uncool’ hypothesis – That adolescencesUncool hypothesis That adolescences leave the area because the music is incongruent with their self viewincongruent with their self view
• Reduced arousal hypothesis – That adolescences stay but the music has a calming effect on their behavioureffect on their behaviour
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What about Manilow?What about Manilow?
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What about Manilow?What about Manilow?
• Ratings obtained from High School students showed that they rated classical music in the ysame category as Annoying Asian Karaoke
• While Barry Manilow’s music was considered moderately popular!!!!!!
• Further research using Barry is needed!
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