music of the middle ages - mr. gabriele's...
TRANSCRIPT
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Music of the Middle AgesA. Gabriele
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Middle Ages● Started with the decline of the Roman Empire and the rise of
Christianity in Europe
● Lasted from approximately 400-1450 A.D.
● Latin started to divide up into the Romance languages, like Spanish, French, and Italian, but Latin remained the academic and music language
● The early middle ages was a period of deurbanisation, depopulation, and invasion for Europe
● The late middle ages was a period of famine, plague, and war. A third of all Europeans died from the Black Death.
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The Roman Empire at it’s greatest extent
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Europe in 450 A.D.
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Europe in 814 A.D.
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Europe in 900 A.D.
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Europe in 1370 A.D.
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● named for Pope Gregory II who reigned from 715 to 731 A.D.
● sacred monophonic vocal music
● set to the Latin text of the Catholic Mass, known as the liturgy
● the melodic line is based on the modes that are similar, but not the same, as the ancient Greek modes
Gregorian Chant
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Organum● added a part over the existing
sacred Gregorian chant
● parallel organum is the most basic form adding hollow sounding harmonies
● Leonin (1163-1190) Perotin (1180-1207) and Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179) were important composers in this period.
● this period is known as the Ars Antiqua or “old art”
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Secular Music● Music outside the church was the first
to be written down on paper and preserved.
● Troubadours were French musicians who traveled across Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries and sang love songs accompanied by instruments.
● Adam de la Halle was the most famous troubadour, and he invented the motet.
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Some instruments of the Middle Ages...
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Motet● A type of polyphonic vocal
music that grew out of the organum of the Ars Antiqua
● Popular during the Ars Nova which was the “new art” of 14th and 15th century France
● Started as sacred music, but became secularized
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Ars Nova● 14th and 15th century France
● the invention of modern notation with stems like we see them today
● Important composers were Guillame Machaut and Francesco Landini
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Guillaume de Machaut● a poet and a musician
● invented many important musical forms including rondos and ballades
● master of counterpoint (polyphonic composition)
● Oldest composer we have biographical information about