music of the baroque pachelbel vivaldi bach handel

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Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach

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Page 1: Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach Handel

Music of the Baroque

Pachelbel

Vivaldi

Bach

Handel

Page 2: Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach Handel

Baroque Forms Cantata -

Opera -

Concerto -

Fugue -

Page 3: Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach Handel
Page 4: Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach Handel

Doctrine of Affections

The "Doctrine of the Affections" was first suggested at the end of the Renaissance when a group of musicians attempted to restore what they perceived to be the pure word-to-music relationships advocated by classical Greek philosophers such as Plato. The idea began in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries when artists said that the

motif of a composition was a statement of an emotional state of being. It was believed, for example, that sadness, or euphoria was expressed by certain combinations of notes.

Page 5: Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach Handel

Fundamental Bass Line

All parts of Baroque music must be subservient to a bass line.

Page 6: Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach Handel

PartsSolo: lute, harpsichord, organ

Ensemble: solo with continuo, chamber group with continuo

Orchestra: more than one player on a part

Page 7: Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach Handel

Johann Sebastian Bach 1685 - 1750

Page 8: Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach Handel

Greatest composer of all time, Bach was known during his lifetime primarily as an outstanding organ player and technician.

The youngest of eight children born to musical parents, Johann Sebastian was destined to become a musician. He traveled little, never leaving Germany once in his life, but held various positions during his career in churches and in the service of the courts throughout the country.

During the years Bach was in the service of the courts, he was obliged to compose a great deal of instrumental music: hundreds of pieces for solo keyboard, orchestral dance suites, trio sonatas for various instruments, and concertos for various instruments and orchestra.

Page 9: Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach Handel

The Nikolaikirche, Leipzig It was home of Bach’s first cantata performance and of the first performance of the St. John Passion.

Page 10: Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach Handel

Bach brought to majestic fruition the style of the late Renaissance.

The art of fugue, choral polyphony and organ music, as well as in instrumental music and dance forms.

His adherence to the older forms earned him the nickname "the old wig" by his son, the composer Carl Philip Emanuel Bach.

With the death of Bach in 1750, scholars conveniently end Baroque music.

Page 11: Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach Handel

Johann Pachelbel

1653-1706Johann Pachelbel was an early Baroque composer. In 1671 he moved to Vienna where he became a student and deputy organist to the Imperial chapel. In 1677 he was organist for one year in Eisenach, the city of Bach's birth eight years later. The following year he moved to Erfurt, where his son was born. While in Erfurt he taught Bach’s older brother. In 1690 Pachelbel became court organist at Stuttgart. Two years later Johann took his final post, in Nuremburg. Johann Pachelbel's repertory is the stylistic ancestor of J. S. Bach's, particularly his technique of chorale variations. Bach’s son named Pachelbel as a composer whose works his father had admired.

Page 12: Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach Handel

Pachelbel’s Canon and Gigue in D

•for 3 violins and basso continuo•also in organ edition•Heard at weddings

Page 13: Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach Handel

Antonio Vivaldi

Born: Venice, 1678

Died: Vienna, 1741

Page 14: Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach Handel

Another Italian composer and virtuoso violinist, Antonio Vivaldi is remembered today for the enormous number of concertos he composed throughout his lifetime.

He most likely learned the violin from his father, himself a violinist at St. Mark's in Venice. Antonio took holy orders to enter the Catholic Priesthood, and became known as "The Red Priest" due to the color of his hair.

He became a teacher in Venice at the Ospedale della Pietà (a school for foundling girls) in 1703, and later became the director of concerts there. His music was extremely popular, and he traveled a great deal over Europe, spreading his fame as a violinist and composer.

Page 15: Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach Handel

In 1725 the publication Il Cimento dell' Armenia e dell'invenzione (The trial of harmony and invention), opus 8, appeared in Amsterdam. This consisted of twelve concertos, seven of which were descriptive: The Four Seasons, Storm at Sea, Pleasure and The Hunt. Vivaldi transformed the tradition of descriptive music into a typically Italian musical style with its unmistakable timbre in which the strings play a major role.

The Four Seasons drawing activity

The Four Seasons

Page 16: Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach Handel

Georg Frideric Händel

(George Frederick Handel)

Born: Halle, 1685Died: London, 1759

Page 17: Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach Handel

Handel’s styleCosmopolitan:

-of the world/traveled

extensively

Composer of Italian operas

Page 18: Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach Handel

Born in the same year and country as Bach , young Händel was playing the violin, harpsichord, oboe, and organ by the age of eleven.

Drawn to the theater from an early age, Händel went to Hamburg in 1703 and began composing Italian operas. He traveled to England where the Queen gave the him an annual stipend of £200 in hopes of keeping him in London as court composer.

Händel never returned to Germany. He remained in England for the rest of his life, becoming a naturalized citizen in 1726 and Anglicizing his name to George Frederick Handel.

Page 19: Music of the Baroque Pachelbel Vivaldi Bach Handel

Messiah Baroque qualities: grand in scale, solos, chorus, orchestra, drama,

•emotional, similar to opera Oratorio: not allowed to be called opera because of its sacred nature; like an opera without actors and stage sets; large in scale, has chorus, soloists, orchestra

Part 1: coming/birth of Christ Part 2: suffering and death of Christ Part 3: redemption of humanity

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Messiah continued… Recitative: passage of music that gives much information

–secco: dry--little instruments–accompagnato--more instruments

Aria: passage of music for solo voice with less information that is repeated

Chorus: rearticulates the information–omits, repeats, inverts to vary

Fugue: composition with musical line articulated in one voice and rearticulated by following voices in repeat, inversion, etc…

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Water Music was written to accompany a royal barge trip down the Thames in 1717.