music - websites.uwlax.eduwebsites.uwlax.edu/kincman/474 legal/class 15- music and the publi… ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Music
Using Works from the Public Domain
and Elsewhere
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Before You Get Too Confused
In General
Permission follows the arrows
Money follow them backwards
But the Music Publisher gained copyright, so much less money goes all
the way back to the songwriter
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The Music Publisher
Helps new songwriters get their work known
Make original fixed version
Register that song with other permission groups
Market the song and the artist to recording labels
Typically songwriters TRANSFER their copyright to the publisher when
this happens
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Music Publisher Controls…
GRAND RIGHTS: permission for theatres to use songs as part of plays
SYNCHRONIZATION RIGHTS: permission to perform a song on tv or
in film
COPYRIGHT: Sells copies of the sheet music
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Performance Rights SocietyASCAP, BMI
SMALL RIGHTS: Give permission to perform an existing song live or multiple
songs in a “non-dramatic” setting
PERFORMANCE RIGHTS: give permission to play a specific recording on the
radio, as a ringtone, etc
Radio stations & Universities often get a “blanket license” which is permission for
anything they control- per year
Businesses playing streaming services are legally required to sign up for a “business
account” which takes care of paying the rights for you
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Turning on the Radio?
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Mechanical Rights Company
Harry Fox Agency
MECHANICAL RIGHTS: Controls the right to record and distribute audio
recordings of a song (in an album, in a soundtrack, as a sample in another
song)
Also commercials, but they have a larger fee
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Mechanical Rights Company
COMPULSORY LICENSE- once a song has been recorded, anyone
else is able to pay royalties and record it too
Can’t change song
Songwriter can’t say no
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The Record Company
Receives permission to make a recording
Owns copyright of that specific recording
Can make recording available to performance rights society
Can make recording available to tv or film
Receives royalty from groups who play the recording
Pays fees to agency who allowed them to make it
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The Coffee Shop- rights?
Have the radio on
Play a CD
Hire a live musician
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The School- rights?
Play songs on the campus radio
station
Play songs in the school orchestra
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The Compilation Album
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Synchronization Rights
Permission to use a song in a tv show or film
Applies when there is video and audio
If you record your own version of the song- you are done
If you are using an existing recording- you also need “master use”
permission from the record company
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Public Domain & Fair Use
Can belong to song, recording,
both or neither
Much more complicated after
Golan v. Holder
Works the same as other public
domain material
Same four-part evaluation
standard
Rumor that clips shorter than
30 seconds are free is WRONG
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The Commercial
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Parody and Criticism
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Happy Birthday
Tune traces to 1893, with different lyrics
Piano arrangement published in 1935
Would qualify for protection, but wasn’t registered
ARGUMENT:
Music is public domain
If lyrics added before 1923, then is public domain
Many conflicting accounts & old books, with and without authors
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It took until 2016 for a judge to decide that they were just optional lyrics for the 1893 song
now in the public domain, and never separately copyrighted.