music lecture
DESCRIPTION
Ism Project Mr. Read 4th hour Sara, Ivan, and GewoinTRANSCRIPT
MUSICA MODERN ART MOVEMENT
.SG.IR.GI.
BEFORE : PRE 1900
Bach
Beethoven
Schubert
Same mediums, general chord progressions, and emotions behind the music. Excepted by everyone as cultured and tasteful art.
AVANT GARDE: POST 1900
Group of innovative composers
Not interested in traditional ideas, techniques, or subject matter.
Pioneered brand new music mediums. Often focusing more on structure and ambient sounds and less on traditional cord progression.
HOW WAS THIS MOVEMENT INFLUENCED?
Dissatisfaction and irritation with traditional stale compositions.
New technologies More organic and sophisticated
motive Over glorification of the composer,. Moving away from traditional music’s harmony and rhythm.
Famous Advent Garde Musicians
JOHN CAGE
ARONLD SCHENBURG
KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSEN
STEVE REISCH
Innovative mediums used by these artists:
Unstructured Piano Quartets Household Objects Percussion Orchestra Prepared Piano Prepared Piano: Muted Strings Perfected strings Quartets
JOHN CAGE
BIO:
Born: September, 5 1912
Attended Pomona College and dropped out
Went to Europe, began to study music
Came back and began exploration of ambient sound and silence.
Revolutionary Turning Point A professor told him that if he didn’t
compose the “right” way, using the “right” chord progressions, and the “right” melodic tendencies, he would never be a successful composer.
“I can’t understand why people are frightened of new ideas. I’m frightened of the old ones.” –John Cage, decided to move on to those new ideas.
Early Partnerships:
Contributed to many art pieces from other movements with ambient scores.
Choreographers
Composers
Designers
Painters
Film Directors
Ambient Sound and Aleatoric Music
Music by chance
“A roll of the dice”
Organic sounds of the city, or of an object, arranged to capture the purest essence of the environment itself.
Famous Pieces
4’33”
Water Walk
Chess
Sonatas and Interludes.
4’ 33”
Most Famous Piece At 4 minutes and 33 seconds long, 4’33”
was originally performed by David Tudor, in a very formal western concert hall setting.
“Confronted with silence in a setting that we cannot control, and where we do not expect this kind of event, we might have any number of responses. Baffled, bored agitated, cultured, philosophical, or even smug ..because we “get it” –John Cage
Kinda Duchamamp-ie? Well….
John Cage and Marcel Duchamp were actually GREAT friends
Exchanged ideas and thoughts on music and sound
Constructed pieces together
A Game Of Chess
Duchamp and Cage wired their chess board so that each move would activate or cut off a live instrument playing elsewhere: thus creating a classic aleatoric piece.
Sonatas and Interludes
Created Prepared Piano early in his career, but didn’t get around to actually using it until he left Chicago.
Composed sonatas traditionally, and then used prepared piano to transform the piece
The buffered strings and muted sounds were meant to symbolize his voice in the art community
Prepared Piano Layout:
Sonatas and Interludes for PP
http://youtu.be/pUTXNxFvjDw - II
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fPSz-o4zzY&feature=share&list=PL6DED030794E35EBC – Full Sonata
http://youtu.be/kc3-C7Lnzh0 - Visual demonstration by David Greilsammer
Silence and Sound: like a glass of milk…
ARNOLD SCHOENBERG
BIO:
He was born September 13, 1874 Died on July 13, 1951 Raised in Vienna Austria Arnold Schoenberg was an Austrian composer associated
with the expressionist movement. He developed the 12 tone technique a widely influential compositional method
He learned to play cello and violin. Dad died when he was 16. Took a job as a bank clerk for extra money
He studied at the Realschule in Vienna
Arnold lived in Austria, later moved to Berlin and then California.
Served in the Army during WWI- later migrated to the US
Influences
JS Bach inspired Schoenberg throughout his life and his era.
He was also influenced by Oskar Adler who encouraged him to play cello.
Alexander von Zemlinsky became his friend and taught him composition
He was an original and contributed SO much to music in the 20th century and it still lives on today.
Early Works
He learned to play violin as a child. At the age of 9, he was already
composing pieces for two violins.
Famous Works
His early works which were reminiscent of Johannes Brahms and Richard Strauss are disliked to this day because they were written by his infamous hand.
One of his well liked pieces was Opus 31
Themes
Atonality
Chromatic scale
Developing variation motifs
Famous Pieces
Twelve Tone method This method ensured that all twelve
notes of the chromatic scale as often as one another
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZdsOHRDMEA
Most well known works
Impact “x” factor
Arnold Schoenberg changed the game for music composition
He invented the 12 tone technique which is a method of musical composition
The technique ensures that all 12 notes of the chromatic scale are sounded as often as one another in a piece of music while deemphasizing any one note, thus all 12 notes are equally important
KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSEN
Bio:
Influences
The becoming
Background
Compositions
Famous Pieces
Influences
Music transition
Review
Fin!