music knowledge level 2
DESCRIPTION
Music Education >> www.JoenasrApp.comTRANSCRIPT
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The easy way…
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Of Chords & Scales...
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In the previous lesson “The very first step…”, we took a broad view about what a Triad is, and the
notes that form the minor/Major/diminished/Augmented and Suspended Chords.
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The Theory of Notes
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Playing more than one note at the same time is called: Harmony.
So, Chords are the Harmonies of three or more notes. Chords provide the Harmonic
Structure or background mood of a piece of Music.
As we know now what an interval is (the difference in the pitch between two notes), we
can classify them as: Melodic/Harmonic.
. An Interval is Melodic when notes are played one after the other.
. An Interval is Harmonic, when notes are played one above the other.
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We have “Consonant” intervals and “Dissonant” intervals.
When two notes merge naturally together to create a pleasant sound, the interval is consonant, but when the interval of two notes emit a buzzy cruel sound, the interval is said to be dissonant.
1. The Perfect “Consonant” intervals are the: Unison (1), Perfect Fifth (5) and the Octave (8).
2. The well-nigh Perfect “Consonant” intervals are the: minor/Major Third (b3/3) and minor/Major Sixth (b6/6)
3. The “Dissonant” intervals are the: minor/Major Second (b2/2) and minor/Major Seventh (b7/7)
4. The mixed interval is the Perfect Fourth (4).
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For example;
If you play C and Db together, you will hear the dissonant sound that the
interval (b2) emits. Try playing C along with E, the two notes go well
together. The two notes emit a consonant sound! (it’s the Major Third)
The Perfect Fourth (4) that is basically dissonant, is sometimes classified as
consonant.
----
By the way, the TRITONE which is an interval of Three Tones (equivalent to
the Augmented Fourth, or diminished Fifth) was called: “Diabolus In
Musica”. It was restricted because of its dissonant character…
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The aspects
Unison intervals are two identical notes played together. They are always strongly consonant and
difficult to tell apart! (e.g. C with C)
minor Second (b2) intervals are strongly dissonant. (e.g. C with Db)
Major Second (2) intervals are less dissonant, but still, the notes do not merge at ease.
(e.g. C with D)
minor Third (b3) intervals are strongly consonant with a melancholy flavor to the sound.
They form the basis of minor chords and scales. (e.g. C with Eb)
Major Third (3) intervals are strongly consonant too with a stable and pleasing sound.
They form the basis of Major chords and scales. (e.g. C with E)
Perfect Fourth (4) intervals are gently dissonant, with a stretched feeling as if it would rather return
to a Major Third. (e.g. C with F)
Tritone (#4 or b5) intervals are dissonant. They add a unique harmonic spice in a chord or in a
scale.
Perfect Fifth (5) intervals are strongly consonant. They add solidness, but not that much character
to the harmony.
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minor Sixth (b6) intervals are mildly dissonant, but they are categorized as consonant for the fact
that the Major Sixth (6) intervals are consonant.
(e.g. C with Ab)
Major Sixth (6) are consonant and add a unique character to the harmony.
(e.g. C with A)
minor Seventh (b7) intervals are mildly dissonant, often found in chords of four notes or more. (e.g.
C with Bb)
Major Seventh (7) intervals are dissonant, often found in chords of four notes or more. (e.g. C with
B)
The Octave intervals are strongly consonant, like unison, because notes, an octave apart, sound
similar to each other, just higher or lower.
(e.g. C with C)
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TONES INTERVALS Consonant/Dissonant
0 Unison Strongly Consonant.
½ minor Second Strongly Dissonant
1 Major Second Less Dissonant
1½ minor Third Strongly Consonant
2 Major Third Strongly Consonant
2½ Perfect Fourth Mildly Dissonant / Well-nigh Consonant
3½ Perfect Fifth Strongly Consonant
4 minor Sixth Well-nigh Consonant
4½ Major Sixth Consonant
5 minor Seventh Mildly Dissonant
5½ Major Seventh Dissonant
6 Octave Strongly Consonant
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Quick Info
The TRITONE interval sits on the half way mark in the Octave (three tones). It has a special property of still being a TRITONE interval when turned “up
side down”. It can have the name of an Augmented Fourth, or of a
diminished Fifth interval.
e.g.
The TRITONE of C is “F#” or “Gb”.
But it is often named as an Augmented Fourth.
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The Usual Scales
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This Scale is a five-note scale. (Penta: five, tonic: tones).
The usual Pentatonic scale is the Chinese Pentatonic (not the Japanese Pentatonic) and it has the following sequence of intervals:
Major Pentatonic scale: 1 2 3 5 6 8
tones: 1 1 1½ 1 1½
e.g. C Major Pentatonic: C D E G A C
minor Pentatonic scale: 1 b3 4 5 b7 8
tones: 1½ 1 1 1½ 1
e.g. C minor Pentatonic: C Eb F G Bb C
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The Major Pentatonic scale is formed of:
a Root note (1), a Major Second (2), a Major Third (3), a Perfect Fifth (5) & a Major Sixth (6).
The minor Pentatonic scale is formed of:
a Root note (1), a minor Third (b3), a Perfect Fourth (4), a Perfect Fifth (5) & a minor Seventh (b7).
So…
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Chroma in Greek means “color”. The Chromatic scale is based on the twelve notes of the occidental music (all colors). Notes of this scale are
separated by a half-step.
e.g. A Chromatic scale:
A - Bb - B - C - C# - D - D# - E - F - F# - G - G# - A
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The Diatonic scales are usually the Heptatonic scales (seven-note scales). e.g. the Major/minor Scale.
The Major scale has the following sequence of intervals:
Intervals: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
tones: 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 ½
e.g. C Major scale: C D E F G A B C
The minor scale has the following sequence of intervals:
Intervals: 1 2 b3 4 5 b6 b7 8
tones: 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 ½
e.g. C minor scale: C D Eb F G Ab Bb C
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The Major scale is formed from: a Root note (1), a Major Second (2), a Major Third (3), a Perfect Fourth (4), a Perfect Fifth (5), a Major Sixth (6) and a Major Seventh (7).
The minor scale is formed from: a Root note (1), a Major Second (2), a minor Third (b3), a Perfect Fourth (4), a Perfect Fifth (5), a minor Sixth (b6) and a minor Seventh (b7).
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P.S. In a Major scale, all the intervals from the Root note to any note are either; Perfect or Major.
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Exercise
Q: What are the notes of the following scales: 1. A Major Pentatonic scale 2. A minor Pentatonic scale 3. A Major scale 4. A minor scale
(answers are on the next page)
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Did you notice that:
The difference between A Major Pentatonic scale and A Major scale is the 4th note and the 7th note?
and
the difference between A minor Pentatonic scale and A minor scale is the 2nd note and the 6th note?
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Now it’s your turn to do some thinking…
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Q: What are the notes of the following Pentatonic scales:
(answers are on the next two pages)
C Major Pentatonic C minor Pentatonic
D Major Pentatonic D minor Pentatonic
E Major Pentatonic E minor Pentatonic
F Major Pentatonic F minor Pentatonic
G Major Pentatonic G minor Pentatonic
A Major Pentatonic A minor Pentatonic
B Major Pentatonic B minor Pentatonic
?
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C Major Pentatonic C D E G A C
D Major Pentatonic D E F# A B D
E Major Pentatonic E F# G# B C# E
F Major Pentatonic F G A C D F
G Major Pentatonic G A B D E G
A Major Pentatonic A B C# E F# A
B Major Pentatonic B C# D# F G B
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C minor Pentatonic C Eb F G Bb C
D minor Pentatonic D F G A C D
E minor Pentatonic E G A B D E
F minor Pentatonic F Ab Bb C Eb F
G minor Pentatonic G Bb C D F G
A minor Pentatonic A C D E G A
B minor Pentatonic B D E F# A B
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(answers are on the next two pages)
C Major C minor
D Major D minor
E Major E minor
F Major F minor
G Major G minor
A Major A minor
B Major B minor
?
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C Major C D E F G A B C
D Major D E F# G A B C# D
E Major E F# G# A B C# D# E
F Major F G A Bb C D E F
G Major G A B C D E F# G
A Major A B C# D E F# G# A
B Major B C# D# E F# G# A# B
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C minor C D Eb F G Ab Bb C
D minor D E F G A B Cb D
E minor E F# G A B C D E
F minor F G Ab Bb C Db Eb F
G minor G A Bb C D Eb F G
A minor A B C D E F G A
B minor B C D E F# G A B
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