MUSHROOMS FARMING

TARIQ TANVEER

INTRODUCTIONMUSHROOM IS A MACROFUNGUS WITH A DISTINCTIVE FRUITING

BODY , LARGE ENOUGH TO BE SEEN WITH NAKED EYE AND TO BEPICKED BY HAND.

Since 2013, world can approximate count over 7 billion souls. Almost half of them are poor, hungry, sick or at war. They fight for the basic necessities of life, while in the same village we can smell burning agricultural waste/by-products.

Only using 25% of the yearly burned cereal straws could result in a mushroom yield of 317 million metric tons (317 billion kg) of fresh mushrooms per year, (Chang & Miles, 1989).

But at this moment, the yearly world mushroom production total is only 12 billion kg while it is cultivated in more than 100 countries of the world (Suman and Sharma, 2007).

There are at least 12,000 species of fungi that can be considered as mushrooms with at least 2,000 species showing various degrees of edibility (Chang, 1999). Furthermore,

over 200 species of mushroom have been collected from the wild and utilized for various traditional medical purposes. To date, about 35 mushroom species have been cultivated commercially and of these, about 20 are cultivated on an industrial scale.

In Pakistan oyster and button mushroom is produced commercially besides that ganoderma (medicinal) is produced on very small scale.

COMMERCIAL GROWING OF MUSHROOMS

Nutritional Value Mushrooms, Nature’s Hidden Treasure “A House of Vitamins and Minerals”

The edible mushrooms are good source of protein, vitamins and minerals (Khan et al., 1981). Proteins: Protein content of edible mushroom is about twice that of asparagus, cabbage and 4 times as oranges and 12 times as apples. On dry weight basis mushrooms contain 25-40% proteins as compared to 7.3% in rice, 13.2% in wheat, 39.1% in soybean and 25.2% in milk.

Carbohydrates: Mushrooms contain 3-7% carbohydrates.

Dietary fiber: Mushrooms contain 9-15% dietary fiber.

Vitamins: Mushrooms are very good source of vitamins including Thiamine(vitamin B), Riboflavin(vitamin B-2), Niacin (vitamin B-3), Biotin(vitamin H), Vitamin D and Ascorbic Acid( vitamin C).

Minerals: Mushrooms are excellent source of minerals and trace elements.

Potassium: One medium Mushroom contains more potassium than a banana.

Calcium: Mushrooms contains 0.002-0.04% of calcium.Iron: Mushrooms contains 2-4% of iron.

Zinc: Reliable amount of zinc.Magnessium: Reliable amount of magnessium.

Nutritional Value OF MUSHROOMS

100 grams Oyster Mushroom contains 100 grams Button Mushroom contains

Water: 92g 92% water: 90g 90%Calories: 22 Calories 43Fat: 0mg 0% Fat: 0mg 0%Cholesterol: 0mg 0% Cholesterol: 0mg 0%Carbohydrates: 3.28g 1.08% Carbohydrates: 6g 2%Potassium: 318mg Potassium: 420 mgProteins: 3.09 g 33% Proteins: 4.00 g 40%

Vitamins A: 1% Vitamin A: 1%Vitamin C: 1.92% Vitamin C: 2%Iron: 6.72% Iron: 7%

MDICINAL VALUES

For hundred of years mushrooms are used in traditional medicines of China, Japan, and Russia etc against chronic diseases like cancer.Some recently identified substances(Beta Glucans) from mushrooms posses promising effects such as Anti cancer Anti Viral Anti Bacerial Anti Oxidant Immune Modulating Anti Parasitic Cardio Vascular Anti DiabeticAnti Hypercholesterolemic Hepatoprotective

Ganoderma Lucidum

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGYProduction Technology differ with variety of

mushroom, generally following steps are involved in mushroom production

1) Spawn(mushroom seed) preparation2) Compost(organic matter on which mushroom

grow) preparation.3) Pasteurization/sterilization(killing off type germs

from compost). 4) Spawning and spawn running.5) Casing and care of crop.6) Harvesting and maintenance7) Packaging, transportation and marketing.

Organic Matter on which mushroom grow

• Oyster Mushroom grow best on cotton waste but can be grown on any organic waste like

wheat straw, banana leaves rice straw etc.

STARLIZATION PROCESS .

In order to destroy the vegetative form of competing microorganisms, the substrate is subjected to sterilization or pasteurization.

SPAWNING AND SPAWN RUNING For spawn running temperature should be 25 c’ and dark room for 20 to 25 days

MUSHROOM CROPPING

Oyster mushroom cropping need temperature of below 18 c’ and humidity should be more than 80 % proper oxygen also necessary this stage.

MARKETING

It can be sold at super stores, fast food and chines restaurants.

It is used in many dishes like pizza, soups and burgers etc.

PROFIT MARGING • Oyster mushrooms yields 25-200% of dry compost waste.• While in case of button mushroom 23.01% yield was obtained

on wheat straw• In case of oyster mushroom:

Expenditures Profit

Initial cost(first time)=3000 Rs Yield(60% of compost) =600kg

1 ton cotton waste= 3500 Rs Price(200-350 Rs/kg) =300x600

CaCO3 (lime) =100 Rs =1,80,000/ Rs

Spawn = 4000 Rs A single 10 by 10 room can hold

Others = 15000 Rs 2,000 bags each of them is 1 kg

Total =25,600 Rs with special amendments(racks).

In case of Button Mushroom

Expenditures Profit

1 ton wheat straw = 6250 Rs. Yield(15% of compost)= 180 kg

480kg poultry manure= 600 Rs. Price(600-1200 Rs/kg)=180x800

60 kg gypsum= 500 Rs. =1,44,000Rs

5 kg urea= 250 Rs.

Spawn(seed)=12000 Rs.

Others=3000 Rs.

Total= 22600 Rs. Profit/cost= 1,44,000/22,600

SMS (Spent Mushroom Substrate) After mushroom crops are harvested, millions of tonnes of “spent” (used) mushroom substrate become available for other uses. Many beneficial uses for spent mushroom substrate are currently being implemented internationally. Spent substrate uses are as follows: In horticulture as a component of potting soil mixes; in agriculture or landscape trades to enrich soil; as a casing material in the cultivation of subsequent mushroom crops, in wetlands for remediation of contaminated water, in stabilizing severely disturbed soils, in the bio-remediation of contaminated soils ( Rinker,2002 ).

MUSHROOM COOKING RECIPIES

MUSHROOM COOKING RECIPIES

MUSHROOM RECIPIES

NATIONAL MUSHOOM FESTIVAL PAKISTAN

Aims and Objectives:

(1) To educate the consumerof mushroom and to promote the awareness about mushroom’s health benefits. (2)Enlist all problems face by mushroom growing industry and struggle for solutions &go for value additions of mushrooms. (3)Become a bridge between mushroom eater

lovers and mushroom growers.

NATIONAL MUSHROOMS FESTIVAL ARRANGE TRAINING CLASS

MUSHROOM HOUSE

MEDIA COVERAGE

PEOPLES FED BACK

KIDS PARTICIPATIONS

Cook your own and taste delicious Mushrooms

Taste some Delicious Dishes of Mushrooms cooking by own

Pakistan’s First Mushroom Hunting club and perform “Mushroom Hunting Tour”

Training Class about wild mushrooms hunting and Identification of Edible and Non Edible Mushrooms

MUSHROOM HUNTERS

CONCLUSION :Mushroom is an economically profitable and promising agricultural enterprise,

so “DON’T BE IN THE DARK ABOUT THE POWER OF MUSHROOMS”.

THANK YOU!!