Museum Entrance19

61-1

965

1966

-197

0 1976-1980

1971-1975

Welcome to the Cold War MuseumWelcome to the Cold War Museum

Curator’s Offices19

76-

1980

Curator’s Office

haleight@rocketmail.com

The curator for the Cold War period 1961-1980 is Haleigh Tieken. She graduated from Baylor with her Ph.d and is very knowledgeable about this topic. If you have any questions she’s the girl to ask!

Haleigh Tieken

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Note: Virtual museums were first introduced by educators at Keith Valley Middle School in Horsham, Pennsylvania. This template was designed by Dr. Christy Keeler. View the Educational Virtual Museums website for more information on this instructional technique.

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Room 1

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Berlin Wall Gulf of TonkinResolution

Bay of Pigs

From 1961-1965From 1961-1965

Cuban Missile Crisis

Room 2

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Soviets blame U.S forIsraeli attacks Nixon begins to

withdraw troops out Of Vietnam

Warsaw Pact Invades

Czechoslovakia

From 1966-1970From 1966-1970

SALT discusses Nuclear Bombs

Room 3

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Nixon is visits Communist China

for the first timeU.S made peace with

Vietnam

SALT I is signed

From 1971-1975From 1971-1975

Khmer RougeTransformed

Cambodia’s Society

Room 4

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Israel and Egypt Begin peace negotiations

Rescue of hostagesIn Iran

U.S and Soviets sign Salt II in

Vienna,Austria

From 1976-1980From 1976-1980

Sandinista rebelsSeize powerIn Nicaragua

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1440&bih=698&q=berlin+wall&oq=berlin+wall&gs_l=img.3...2073.5285.0.5543.15.12.0.0.0.0.198.405.1j2.3.0....0...1ac.1.4

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http://history1900s.about.com/od/coldwa1/a/berlinwall.htm

“Berlin Wall- The Rise and Fall of the Berlin Wall.” About.com 20th Century History. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2014

In 1961 Soviets controlled East Germany and divideded Berlin with the Berlin Wall.The Berlin Wall was a symboluc boundary between Communist East Berlin and Democratic West Berlin. It kept East Germans from escaping to West Germany.Berlin was divided into 4 zones- the French, British, Soviet, and U.S zone.West Berlin was more prosperous due to a capitalist run economy compared to East Berlin who had a strict rigid communist economy.The Berlin Wall stretched over 1,000 miles and was in place from 1961-1989.

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Artifact 1: Berlin Wall

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1440&bih=698&q=berlin+wall&oq=berlin+wall&gs_l=img.3...2073.5285.0.5543.15.12.0.0.0.0.198.405.1j2.3.0....0...1ac.1.42.img..12.3.404.4zmx7e3abD0#hl=en&q=bay+of+pigs&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=GFUnA7yFhHoGqM%253A%3BAk8owhNepueeNM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwlcentral.org%252Fsites%252Fdefault%252Ffiles%252Fimagepicker%252F3139%252Fbayofpigs.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwlcentral.org%252Fnode%252F1662%3B449%3B392 “The Bay of Pigs.” – John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2014

In 1959, Fidel Castro came to power in an armed revolt that overthrew Cuban dictator, Fulgencio Batista.April 15, 1961, 8 bombers left Nicaragua to bomb Cuban airfields.The CIA used obsolete WWII B-26 bombers and disguised them as Cuban jets.On April 17, the Cuban-exile invasion force, known as Brigade 2506, landed at the beaches a long the Bay of Pigs.Over the next 24 hours, Castro ordered 20,000 troops to move towards the beach area and the Cuban air force still controlled the skies.April 19, six unmarked American fighter planes went to help out the Brigade’s B-26s air craft, but arrived an hour late and were shot down.Almost 1,200 members of Brigade 2056 surrendered. Return

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Artifact 2: The Bay of Pigs

An American pilot of a U2 spy plane flying over Cuba was the first to spot the missile being created for use.It was a threat to the U.S, because the missiles were being installed 90 miles away from the U.S (Florida).Soviet Leader, Nikita Khrushchev thought it would increase his nation’s nuclear capability.U.S vessels created a blockade to block Soviets from delivering equipment and missiles.October 26, Khrushchev sent Kennedy a letter regarding the missiles and stating he would remove the missiles if only the U.S didn’t invade Cuba. Return to

Exhibit

Artifact 3: Cuban Missile Crisis

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1440&bih=698&q=berlin+wall&oq=berlin+wall&gs_l=img.3...2073.5285.0.5543.15.12.0.0.0.0.198.405.1j2.3.0....0...1ac.1.42.img..12.3.404.4zmx7e3abD0#hl=en&q=cuban+missile+crisis&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=p_6R0zOyOHw84M%253A%3B4e6CzpxjFBvqWM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fjdayhistory.weebly.com%252Fuploads%252F8%252F9%252F5%252F0%252F8950306%252F6412555_orig.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fjdayhistory.weebly.com%252Fthe-berlin-wall-1961the-cuban-missile-crisis-1962.html%3B540%3B405“Cuban Missile Crisis.” History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2014

Gulf of Tonkin was a gateway to the Vietnam War.On August 2, U.S destroyer, Maddox, was fired on by North Vietnamese torpedo boats.U.S accused the North Vietnamese of “open aggression on the high seas” and the resolution was quickly approved by congress.President Johnson needed to convince the U.S public that this was a deliberate attack on U.S forces to get the public’s approval.President Johnson voted to bomb military targets in North Vietnam and very few government officials opposed of this decision.

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Artifact 4:Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_incident“Gulf of Tonkin.” History.com A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 22. Apr. 2014

The 6 days war was started by General Moshe Dayan (Israeli’s defense minister)The war was against Syria, Jordan, and Egypt, and Israelis launched a hugely successful military campaign against its enemies and destroyed all of the air forces.Four of the strongest Arabic nations were defeated by just one which left a blow to the Middle East.Israelis captured the Sinai, Golan Heights, and the West Bank of the Jordan River which was good, but it could still cause future conflicts to occur.

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Artifact 5: Soviet blames U.S for Israeli attacks

http://www.google.com/search?q=soviet+blames+u.s+for+israeli+attacks&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=DH5YU9PzGq2gsASe0YGIDw&ved=0CAkQ_AUoBA&biw=1440&bih=698#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=dWZVXp3zY4nfQM%253A%3BturT-P7lFH-OiM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fupload.wikimedia.org%252Fwikipedia%252Fcommons%252F6%252F6c%252FMortar_attack_on_Shigal_Tarna_garrison%252C_Kunar_Province%252C_87.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fen.wikipedia.org%252Fwiki%252FSoviet_war_in_Afghanistan%3B646%3B462“The Arab-Israeli War 0f 1948.” U.S Department of State Office of the Historian. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2014

On August 20,1968, the Warsaw Pact led by the Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia to search for reformists in Prague. Czechoslovakia was communist, but the government soon started to change when Alexander Dubcek was called to power and created new reforms the help get the economy running again.Members of the Warsaw Pact were afraid other nations around Czechoslovakia would rebel so they invaded before matters got out of control.The U.S never intervened, but condemned the invasion.Soviets then forced Dubcek out of power and once again Czechoslovakia had a censored government and strict communist policies.

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Exhibit

Artifact 6: Warsaw Pact invades Czechoslovakia

http://www.google.com/search?q=soviet+blames+u.s+for+israeli+attacks&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=DH5YU9PzGq2gsASe0YGIDw&ved=0CAkQ_AUoBA&biw=1440&bih=698#q=warsaw+pact+invades+czechoslovakia&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=v55DvFGca1bH6M%253A%3Bhf8M8JHAs6WqaM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fgdb.rferl.org%252F97B976CD-9403-4F50-9399-9075A62A7D19_w974_n_s.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.rferl.org%252Fmedia%252Fphotogallery%252Fczechoslovakia-politics-prague-spring%252F25080764.html%3B974%3B721“Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1968-1961-1968-Milestones- Office of the Historian.” Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1968-1961-1968-Milestones- Office of the Historian. N.p., n.d. Web. Apr. 2014

It took the U.S 8 years and 2 different presidents to try to convince the Soviets to consider a ban on Nuclear weapons.LTBT set the standards for how weapons were to be controlled during the Cold War.The Soviets continued to build and construct many missiles to almost the same amount as ours.The American public started to get ansy which is the reason for the development of SALT I and SALT II.

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Artifact 7: SALT discusses Nuclear Bombs

http://www.google.com/search?q=soviet+blames+u.s+for+israeli+attacks&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=DH5YU9PzGq2gsASe0YGIDw&ved=0CAkQ_AUoBA&biw=1440&bih=698#q=cold+war+nuclear+bombs+cartoon&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=MZ46vKT8x1xpgM%253A%3BwWyeMfBh43ZNSM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.johndclare.net%252Fimages%252FArmwrestling.gif%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.johndclare.net%252Fcold_war16.htm%3B589%3B418The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. “Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT).” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014

Nixon withdraws at least 50,000 troops out of Vietnam on April 15,1970.Under the Vietnamization program, Vietnamese were given arms to help them fight equally in the war by the U.S.NLF peace talks in Paris were continued but didn’t cause a lot of change or prevent war.The U.S was bombarded with protestors at many colleges and universities demanding the end to the war in Vietnam.When at least 54,000 army personnel was reached Nixon began bringing troops home.

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Exhibit

Artifact 8: Nixon begins to withdraw troops out of Vietnam

http://www.google.com/search?q=soviet+blames+u.s+for+israeli+attacks&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=DH5YU9PzGq2gsASe0YGIDw&ved=0CAkQ_AUoBA&biw=1440&bih=698#q=end+of+war+in+vietnam&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=LdQrj29neWwRUM%253A%3Bdq18YOYct1NagM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fmedia.sacbee.com%252Fstatic%252Fweblogs%252Fphotos%252Fimages%252F2010%252Fapr10%252Fvietnam_sm%252Fvietnam_sm01.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fblogs.sacbee.com%252Fphotos%252F2010%252F12%252Fthe-frames-top-20-from-2010.html%3B982%3B638“The United States Pulls Out of Vietnam.” Home. N.p., n.d, Web. 22, Apr. 2014

On February 21, 1972, President Nixon visited Communist China.He was the first person to visit the People’s Republic of China at the time while it was established in 19429.Nixon visited China to help improve relations with a Communist country during the Cold War.Nixon met the leader of China – Premier Zhou Enlai and him and Nixon agreed expand cultural relationships and also established a trade system.U.S wanted to gain a friendship with China so they would be on the U.S’s instead of the Soviets.

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Exhibit

Artifact 9: Nixon visits Communist China for the first time

http://www.google.com/search?q=soviet+blames+u.s+for+israeli+attacks&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=DH5YU9PzGq2gsASe0YGIDw&ved=0CAkQ_AUoBA&biw=1440&bih=698#q=end+of+war+in+vietnam&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=LdQrj29neWwRUM%253A%3Bdq18YOYct1NagM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fmedia.sacbee.com%252Fstatic%252Fweblogs%252Fphotos%252Fimages%252F2010%252Fapr10%252Fvietnam_sm%252Fvietnam_sm01.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fblogs.sacbee.com%252Fphotos%252F2010%252F12%252Fthe-frames-top-20-from-2010.html%3B982%3B638 “The United States Pulls Out of Vietnam.” Home. N.p., n.d. Web 22 Apr. 2014

Soviet Leader Leonard Brezhnev and U.S President Nixon meet in Moscow to sign the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) agreements. SALT I agreements were signed in May 1972. The agreements addressed two major issues: limited the number of antiballistic missiles (ABM) places each country could have. And also the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles and submarine launched missiles were to be stalled at current levels.Americans & Soviets saw this agreement as a way of bettering the relationship between the two superpowers.In August 1972, the Senate approved the SALT I agreement completely.

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Artifact 10: SALT I is signed

http://www.google.com/search?q=SALT+I+signed&client=safari&rls=en&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ei=5FFYU8LxKsP78QHuzIGgAw&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1440&bih=698#facrc=_&imgrc=A3XNosv4odyl8M%253A%3BZuQaYdQa8W5Y8M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fupload.wikimedia.org%252Fwikipedia%252Fcommons%252Fd%252Fd6%252FCarter_Brezhnev_sign_SALT_II.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fen.wikipedia.org%252Fwiki%252FStrategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks%3B630%3B425“SALT Agreements Signed.” History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014

“Khmer Rouge took control of Cambodia on April 17, 1975.”Khmer Rouge wanted to transform Cambodia into a more democratic state, however they didn’t end up following these rules. They ruled from 1976-1979.The Khmer Rouge established policies and laws that disregarded human life and caused massacres on a large scale.After the war between Cambodia and Vietnam the Khmer Rouge group were the new leaders of Cambodia.During January-August 1973, with help from the U.S dropped bombs on Cambodia and killed at least 300,000 people.By 1973, 85% of Cambodia was occupied by the Khmer Rouge.The Khmer Rouge issued a 4 year plan which required Cambodians to meet certain working requirements. Khmer Rouge forced some civilians to work more than 12 hours a day.Vietnamese fought their way into Cambodia and earned captured territories from the Khmer Rouge including Phnom Penh a major city in Cambodia.

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Exhibit

Artifact 11: Khmer Rouge transformed Cambodia’s Society

http://www.google.com/search?q=SALT+I+signed&client=safari&rls=en&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ei=5FFYU8LxKsP78QHuzIGgAw&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1440&bih=698#q=khmer+rouge&rls=en&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=Pm_tSUetA7KWOM%253A%3BtPSo1hVD82X7BM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252F1.bp.blogspot.com%252F-vy7V_2Jtn-Q%252FUfGhCgv5dGI%252FAAAAAAAAA7k%252FBgZJTun6jQ4%252Fs640%252FKhmer%252BRouge%252Benter%252BPhnom%252BPenh.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fno-boxes-allowed.blogspot.com%252F2013%252F07%252Fits-always-americas-fault.html%3B640%3B360Khmer Rouge History. Cambodia Tribunal Monitor, n.d. web

There were at least 5 peace proposals made between 1964 and 1972.Pham Van Dong came up with the first major peace proposal stating the withdrawal of the U.S military personnel.There was an informal meeting between the U.S and North Vietnam in Paris in 1968. A few months later, President Johnson agreed to stop bombing the North Vietnamese area. In January 0f 1969, President Nixon flew again to Paris for peace negotiations with officials from North and South Vietnam and the NLF.Henry Kissinger (U.S) and Le Duc Tho met to come up with negotiations between the U.S and Vietnam. The Paris Peace Accords were signed on January 27, by representatives from the U.S, North Vietnam and South Vietnam, and NLF.

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Exhibit

Artifact 12: U.S made Peace with Vietnam

http://www.google.com/search?q=SALT+I+signed&client=safari&rls=en&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ei=5FFYU8LxKsP78QHuzIGgAw&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1440&bih=698#q=signing+of+paris+peace+accords&rls=en&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=L-MhRIxnEK6TbM%253A%3BQGS_hSWYTQmWcM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Ftalkvietnam.com%252Fuploads%252F2013%252F01%252Fminister-nguyen-thi-binh-signed-the-paris-peace-accords-to-end-the-war-and-restore-peace-in-vietnam-812745-17-01-hiep-dinh-paris2-copy-copy.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.talkvietnam.com%252F2013%252F01%252Fseminar-looks-back-at-paris-peace-accords%252F%3B430%3B301Llewellyn, Jennifer. “Vietnam War Peace Talks.” Alpha History. N.p.,n.d.Web

Riots occur in Egypt over economic issues and defense burdens.President Carter’s plan of peace talks between the “Popular Front of the Liberation of Palestine” (PLO) fail when the PLO refuses to accept the United Nations Resolution 242. (needs the recognition of Israel to exist)The Egyptian leader, Anwar Sadat travels to Israel and addresses Israeli Prime Minister, Menachem Begin. The two leaders pledge to make peace.September 5-17 of 1978, the “Camp David Summit” is the location for Sadat, Begin, and Carter to meet and establish an Israeli-Egyptian Peace Treaty with exchange of diplomatic relations and discussion of the Gaza Strip and West Bank.

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Exhibit

Artifact 13: Israel and Egypt begin Peace Negotiations

“Cold War.” Cold War. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014

The goal of SALT II was to replace the Interim Agreement with a long-term comprehensive treaty on broad limitations on strategic offensive weapons.The two superpowers signed SALT II Treaty on June 18, 1979.The treaty provided notifications on ICBM launches.The basic rules for SALT II was: -”24,000 equal aggregate limit on strategic nuclear delivery vehicles (SNDV)”-“1,320 equal aggregate limit on multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicle (MIRV) systems;”- “Prohibition on construction of new land-based ICBM launchers”-“Limits on deployment of new types of strategic offensive arms;”-“Duration of the new Treaty should be until 1985” The treaty allowed the superpowers to withdraw from the Treaty with a 6 month notice. The treaty was signed on June 18, 1979.

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Exhibit

Artifact 14: U.S and Soviets sign SALT II in Vienna, Austria

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1440&bih=698&q=israel+and+egypt+made+peace&oq=israel+and+egypt+made+peace&gs_l=img.3...7790.27245.0.27544.33.21.2.5.5.0.545.1894.2-4j1j0j1.6.0....0...1ac.1.42.img..20.13.1918.M09UYRD-uSM#hl=en&q=U.S+and+soviets+SALT+II&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=CPTV9v9K967U5M%253A%3BLovRXvQ5nOyWAM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fpages.ramapo.edu%252F~theed%252FCold_War%252Fd_Brezhnev_Era%252Fg%252520Carter_77-80%252Fmedia%252Fc_SALTII%252F78526.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fpages.ramapo.edu%252F~theed%252FCold_War%252Fd_Brezhnev_Era%252Fg%252520Carter_77-80%252Fcc_SALTII.html%3B617%3B403“Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II) NTI.” NTI: Nuclear Threat Initiative. N.p., n.d Web. 23 Apr. 2014

By the 1970’s the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) had grown in popularity.On August 22,1978, a few Sandinista guerillas took control of the national palace in Managua and in July 1979 the Sandinistas were the official rulers of Nicaragua.Their constitution was called the Fundamental Law of State and gave more of a sense of freedom to Nicaraguans. The Sandinistas also nationalized aristocratic land and certain industries. “By 1981, the state accounted for more than 30% of the industry of Nicaragua. The government also initiated control, with so-called ‘wildcat nationalizations’, over 20% of the cotton industry, 50% of the tobacco industry, and 60% of the ‘staple cereal’ industry.”

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Exhibit

Artifact 15: Sandinista Rebels Seize Power in Nicaragua

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1440&bih=698&q=israel+and+egypt+made+peace&oq=israel+and+egypt+made+peace&gs_l=img.3...7790.27245.0.27544.33.21.2.5.5.0.545.1894.2-4j1j0j1.6.0....0...1ac.1.42.img..20.13.1918.M09UYRD-uSM#hl=en&q=sandinistas+nicaragua&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=es4EXf3ypC0mTM%253A%3BnqsKvoYjiI2buM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fnews.bbcimg.co.uk%252Fmedia%252Fimages%252F54155000%252Fjpg%252F_54155424_54155423.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.bbc.co.uk%252Fnews%252Fworld-latin-america-14213628%3B304%3B171“The Impact of the Sandinistas on Nicaragua.” The Impact of the Sandinistas on Nicaragua. N.p, , n.d., Web. 23 Apr. 2014

On April 24, 1980, a mission to rescue 52 American hostages being held in Tehran caused 8 American deaths. Iranian students seized the U.S Tea Embassy in Tehran. They were mad the U.S let the “Shah of Iran” travel to America to receive medical treatment.Ayatollah Khomeini was the religious leader of the hostages. Iranian students held 52 American captives for 14 months.The mission failed due to 3 of 8 helicopters and the collision of a helicopter into one of the C-130 planes.“On January 20,1981, the U.S freed almost $8 billion in frozen assets, and the 52 hostages were released after 444 days.”

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Exhibit

Artifact 16: Rescue of Hostages in Iran

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1440&bih=698&q=israel+and+egypt+made+peace&oq=israel+and+egypt+made+peace&gs_l=img.3...7790.27245.0.27544.33.21.2.5.5.0.545.1894.2-4j1j0j1.6.0....0...1ac.1.42.img..20.13.1918.M09UYRD-uSM#hl=en&q=hostages%20in%20iran&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=CXZZutK6k5IQ5M%253A%3BhZjol7f5VKSPUM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.pbs.org%252Fwgbh%252Fpages%252Ffrontline%252Ftehranbureau%252Fimages%252Fn00003669-r-b-004.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.pbs.org%252Fwgbh%252Fpages%252Ffrontline%252Ftehranbureau%252F2009%252F11%252F30-years-after-the-hostage-crisis.html%3B420%3B299“Hostage Rescue Mission Ends in Disaster.” History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014