musculoskeletal disorder
TRANSCRIPT
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DEFINITION
• Injuries and disorders to muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments and joints.
• Result from bodily reactions due to working hard, stretch farther, direct impact and repetitive movement.
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TYPES OF MUSCULOSKELET
AL DISORDERS
LIGAMENTS
TENDONS
MUSCLES
JOINTS
BONES
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TENDONS• Tendinitis
– Inflammation of a tendon.– Caused by overuse and repetitive movement.– Effect:
• Elbow• Wrist• Shoulder• Leg• Ankle
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Carpal tunnel Carpal tunnel syndromesyndrome
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DIFFERENT
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JOINTSJOINTSOSTEOARTHRITIS OSTEOARTHRITIS (DEGENERATIVE (DEGENERATIVE ARTHRITIS)ARTHRITIS)
• A type of arthritis that caused by inflammation, breakdown and eventual loss of cartilage in the joints.
RHEUMATOID RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)ARTHRITIS (RA)
• Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints.
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JOINTS
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Bones
OSTEOPOROSIS
FRACTURE
LOWER BACK PAIN
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Bones (example)
• Osteoporosis• A disease in which bones become fragile and more
likely to break.
Normal bone Osteoporosi
s
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Bones (example)
Lower back pain• Abnormal posture position of spinal cord
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Muscles
SPASM
DOMS
TEAR
STRAIN
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Muscle (example)• Muscle strain
• A muscles is pulled to the point of tearing
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Muscle (example)• DOMS
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LIGAMENTSo Attached bone to boneKnee Ankle Shoulder ElbowThumb
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ACL injuries
PCL injuries
MCL injuries
LCL injuries
types of ligament injurytypes of ligament injury
Ligament
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CLASSIFICATION OF LIGAMENT INJURY
GRADE I GRADE II GRADE III
oSome pain oPain oExtremely pain
oMinimum loss of function
oModerate loss of function
oMajor loss of function
oLittle or no swelling oSwelling oSevere instability
oNo abnormal motion when tested
oModerate instability oSwelling
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GENERAL
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CAUSES Repeated and heavy lifting Bending and twisting Repeated an action too often Working long have without break Using to much force Uncomfortable working position Pushing and pulling Adverse working condition/ environment
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SIGNS & SYMPTOMS• Numbness or a burning sensation in the hand• Reduced grip strength in the hand.• Loss of muscle function or weakness.• Swelling or stiffness in the joints• Deformities.• Pain in wrists, forearms, elbows, neck or back
followed by discomfort when making movements.• Reduced in the range of motion in the shoulder, neck
or back• Experience extreme pain.
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TREATMENTS• Increase flexible.
• Exercise.
• Avoid take excessive acid concentration.
• Take calcium for bone density.
• Modification of the work place.
• Tools and equipment.
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PREVENTION• Do strength-training and balance exercises at least
2-3 times per week to avoid sprains and strains.
• Maintaining a healthy weight, wearing shoes that fit properly and avoiding exercise when tired or in pain.
• Avoid overusing muscles to ward off muscle cramps and staying hydrated to prevent muscle cramps.
• Avoid repetitive movements such as typing on a keyboard without a break to prevent tendinitis.
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RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
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RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)• Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune
disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints.
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RHEUMATOID RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)ARTHRITIS (RA)
WHAT CAUSES OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS?
• “Unknown”
• The viruses, bacteria and fungi
• Genetically inherited
• Environmental factor (smoking tobacco)
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WHAT ARE THE SYMTOMS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS?
- fatigue
- loss of energy
- lack of appetite
- loss of weight
- low grade fever
- joint stiffness
- muscle weak
- anemia
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WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS?
• Edema
• Swelling
• Redness
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HOW IS RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS TREATED?
• Medications
- fast-acting "first-line drugs"
- slow-acting "second-line drugs"
• Rest
• Joint-strengthening exercises
• Joint protection
• Patient and family education
• Reduce inflammation
“There is no known cure for Rheumatoid Arthritis”
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HOW TO PREVENT?• Not known the way to prevent,
but………
• Cigarette smoking is one environmental risk factor for RA that you can avoid.