musculature of the head
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE MUSCULATURE OF THE HEAD
By: Dr. Pamela Josefina T. Fabie
![Page 2: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Related mainly to the orbital margins and eyelids, the external nose and nostrils, the cheeks and mouth, the pinna, scalp and cervical skin.
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
COMMON CHARACTERISTICS:
1) All are inserted into the skin of the face2) All are supplied by the muscular branches
of the facial nerve3) All produce facial expression
![Page 3: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The craniofacial ,muscles receive their innervations from the branches of the FACIAL NERVE.
They are grouped as:1. Epicranial2. Circumorbital and Palpebral3. Nasal4. Buccolabial
![Page 4: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
I. EPICRANIAL MUSCLES
![Page 5: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1. OCCIPITOFRONATALIS – covers the dome of the skull
![Page 6: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
1. Frontalis musclesThe muscle that covers the forehead. It has no bony attachment.
ORIGIN: anterior part of the galea aponeurotica
INSERTION: skin on the lower part of the forehead
ACTION: produce transverse wrinkles on the forehead as in surprise. It raises the eyebrows.
![Page 7: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
2. Occipitalis musclesA short and narrow muscle that arises from the occipital bone
ORIGIN: lateral 2/3 of the superior nuchal line
INSERTION: posterior part of the galea aponeurotica
ACTION: draw the galea aponeurotica backwards to fix and tense it.
![Page 8: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2. TEMPOROPARIETALIS– variably developed sheet of muscle that lies between the frontal parts of the occipitofrontalis and anterior and superior auricular muscles
Temporoparietalis
![Page 9: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
II. CIRCUMORBITAL AND
PALPEBRAL MUSCLES
![Page 10: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1. ORBICULARIS OCULI
![Page 11: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
A. PALPEBRAL PORTIONORIGIN: medial palpebral ligament and adjacent part of the maxilla
INSERTION: outer surface of the lateral palpebral margin
ACTION: close the eyelids as in sleeping and winkling
![Page 12: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
B. ORBITAL PORTION
ORIGIN: medial palpebral ligament, frontal bone and maxilla
INSERTION: medial palpebral ligament (no lateral attachment)
ACTION: helps close the eyelids and draw lateral part of lids medially. They are responsible for the “crow’s feet” usually seen at the lateral angles of the eye
![Page 13: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
C. LACRIMAL PORTION - aka HOMER’S MUSCLE or tensor
tarsi
ORIGIN: posterior lacrimal crest
INSERTION: tarsal plate
ACTION: compress lacrimal sac, forcing the tears into the nasal cavity through the naso-lacrimal duct
TENSOR TARSI
![Page 14: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
2. CORRUGATOR SUPERCILLI – - deep muscle blending with the upper portion of the orbicularis muscle
ORIGIN: fronto-nasal suture and frontal bone, and medial part of the supercilliary arch
INSERTION: skin on the medial half of the eyebrow
ACTION: throw the skin of forehead into folds as in frowning
![Page 15: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
3. LEVATOR PALPEBRAE SUPERIORIS
ORIGIN: lesser wing of the sphenoid bone just above the optic foramen
INSERTION: skin of the upper eyelid as well as the superior tarsal plate
ACTION: elevates the upper eyelid thereby opening the eyes
![Page 16: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
III. NASAL MUSCLES
![Page 17: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ORIGIN: nasal bone and lateral nasal cartilage
INSERTION: skin at the root of the nose
ACTION: compress the nostril and depress the cartilage of nose
A. PROCERUS – small muscle overlying the basal bone (frowning)
![Page 18: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ORIGIN: side of the bony aperture of the nose and the upper end of the canine eminence of maxilla
INSERTION: the aponeurosis of the cartilaginous part of the nose
ACTION: compress the nostrils and depress the cartilage of the nose
B. NASALIS – aka COMPRESSOR NARES or PARS TRANSVERSUS
![Page 19: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
ORIGIN: nasal notch of the maxilla and the nasolabial groove
INSERTION: inferior border of the ala of the nose
ACTION: dilate the nostrils
C. DILATOR NARES
![Page 20: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ORIGIN: medial fiber of the dilator naris muscle
INSERTION: mobile part of the nasal septum
ACTION: draw the septum downwards and to narrow the nostril
D. DEPRESSOR SEPTI NASI
![Page 21: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
IV. BUCCOLABIAL
MUSCLES
![Page 22: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
1.ELEVATORS, RETRACTORS and EVERTORS OF THE UPPER LIP Levator labii superioris alaque nasi Levator labii superioris Zygomaticus major and minor Levator anguli oris Risorius
![Page 23: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ORIGIN: frontal nasal process
INSERTION: one slip goes to ala of the nose while the other goes to the orbicularis oris
ACTION: elevate the ala of the nose and the upper lip
A. LEVATOR LABII SUPRIORIS ALAQUE NASI
![Page 24: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ORIGIN: infraorbital head, zygomatic head and angular head
INSERTION: upper lip
ACTION: elevate lateral par of upper lip. Contraction of infraorbital head gives expression of sadness. Contraction of infraorbital head gives expression of disdain or doubt
B. LEVATOR LABII SUPRIORIS
![Page 25: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
ORIGIN: zygomatic bone and arch
INSERTION: angle of the mouth
ACTION: elevate or draw angle of the mouth up and back as in laughing or smiling
C. ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR - Smiling muscle or muscle of
happiness
![Page 26: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ORIGIN: zygomatic bone, medial to zygomatic major
INSERTION: skin on the nasolabial groove
ACTION: deepen the nasolabial groove as in sorrow
D. ZYGOMATICUS MINOR- gives the expression of pain or sorrow
![Page 27: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ORIGIN: maxilla below the infraorbital foramen and the canine fossa of maxilla
INSERTION: fibers are directed downward, to be inserted to the angle of the mouth
ACTION: elevate angle of the mouth (also a muscle of happiness)
E. LEVATOR ANGULI ORIS OR CANINUS
![Page 28: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
ORIGIN: superficial fascia over the parotid
INSERTION: skin and mucosa of the angle of the mouth
ACTION: draw the angle of the mouth laterally, giving an expression of strain and stress
F. RISORIUS-lies horizontally across
the cheek. Gives the expression of irony or plasticity
![Page 29: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
2. DEPRESSORS, RETRACTORS and EVERTORS OF THE LOWER LIP
Depressor labii inferioris Depressor anguli oris mentalis
![Page 30: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
ORIGIN: base of the mandible, between mental protuberance and mental foramen
INSERTION: skin and mucosa of the lower lip
ACTION: draw the lower lip downward, as in ‘irony”
A. DEPRESSOR LABII INFERIORS
- a quadrilateral muscle; gives the expression of frowning
![Page 31: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
ORIGIN: oblique line of mandible
INSERTION: angle of the mouth
ACTION: depress the angle of the mouth
B. DEPRESSOR ANGULI ORIS or TRIANGULARIS
- gives the expression of sadness
![Page 32: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
ORIGIN: mandible below the lower incisor teeth and beneath oral mucosa
INSERTION: skin of chin
ACTION: elevate chin. It also causes trembling of the chin. It wrinkles the skin of the chin as in disdain or doubt.
C. MENTALIS MUSCLE
![Page 33: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
3.A COMPOUND SPHINCTER Orbicularis oris Accessory muscles to the orbicularis
oris incisivus superior and incisivus inferior
![Page 34: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
ORIGIN: buccinator muscle
INSERTION: upper lip- angle of the mouth; lower lip - mandible
ACTION: close the mouth in various ways such as closing, pressing against teeth, twisting and protruding
ORBICULARIS MUSCLE
- muscle that forms the sphincter around the mouth
![Page 35: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
BUCCINATOR MUSCLE
ORIGIN: outer surface of alveolar process of maxilla and mandible in the region of the molar teeth and pterygomandibular ligament
INSERTION: angle of the mouth blending with the orbicularis oris
ACTION: press the cheek against the teeth while chewing. Useful in mastication, whistling, sucking and blowing
![Page 36: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
PLATYSMA MUSCLE
ORIGIN: skin and superficial fascia of the pectoral and deltoid regions
INSERTION: directed upward and forward to be inserted into the lower border of the mandible
ACTION: retract and depress the angle of the mouth; Depress the mandible.
![Page 37: Musculature of the Head](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/55d7504dbb61eb3a708b4655/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
END