MUSCULAR SYSTEMCooper Danner

Nathan Davenport

Tanner Menard

OVERVIEW OF THE SYSTEM

• Basic Functions:LocomotionFacial ExpressionPostureProduces Heat Circulates Blood

• Approximately 650 individual muscles which are attached to the skeleton

• Three types of muscle tissues…1) Skeletal2) Cardiac3) Smooth

• Voluntary/ Involuntary Muscles

• Relationships with other systems:Articulates the skeletal systemControls Blood Vessels (Circulatory System)Provides Movement for Digestive System

SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUES

• 40% of an adults Human Body Weight• Long Muscle Fibers• Nervous Systems controls the contraction

of the muscle• Work in pairs (Bicep/ Tricep)• Voluntary Muscle• Multi-nucleated

CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUES

• HEART!!!• Muscular Organ located behind the sternum.• About the size of a clenched fist.• Adult heart weighs between 9 and 11 ounces.• Pericardium is a protective tissue that surrounds

the heart.• Similar to Skeletal in that it is striated. Similar

to Smooth in that it is involuntary• Mydocardium, are the walls of the chambers of

the heart. It pumps blood throughout the body.

SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUES

• Involuntary/Non-Striated Muscle• Single Unit/ Multi-Unit• Found within the walls of blood vessels.• Much of our internal organs are made up of

smooth muscles• Controlled by Nervous System and Hormones.• Blood Vessels, Bladder, Lymphatic Vessels,

Male/Female Reproductive Tracts

CELLULAR DYNAMICS

• Action potential• Sarcolemna• Sarcoplasmic reticulum• Role of Ca+ ions• Myofilaments• Actin filaments• Myosin filaments

MUSCULAR DYNAMICS

• Fascicles• Basic unit• Multiple fascicles form a muscle

• Connective tissues• Functions

• Electrically insulating• Support

• Endomysium• Perimysium• Epimysium• Deep Fascia• Superficial Fascia

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

• Purpose• Transmits kinetic energy• Connective

• Structure• Composed of extensions of connective tissue within the cell• Both connective tissue and muscular fibers form an organ

BREAKING DOWN THE MUSCLES OF THE HUMAN BODY…

HEAD AND NECK

Head Muscles Neck MusclesUnique muscles that are attached to the skull on one end and the skin on the other.

• Frontalis (Forehead)• Masseter (Lower Jaw) (Used for chewing, opens and closes the jaw)• Buccinator (Cheek)• Sternocleidomastoid (Neck, allows neck to flex and head to turn)

THORACIC REGION

Chest Muscles Back Muscles

• Pectoralis Major- Flex the shoulders and pull arms into body• Trapezius- run from back of neck to the middle of the back. Raise,

lower, and abduct shoulders.

These are larger muscles in comparision to the rest of the body, and have major functions, that are essential to everyday activities.

ABDOMINAL REGION

A group of six muscles that extend from the ribs to the pelvis. The abdominals support and provide movement to the trunk. Often called the core.

Rectus Abdominis- “strap like” muscles of the abdomen. Better known as stomach muscles.

Obliques- located on the side walls of the abdomen. In addition to help with compression of the abdomen, the rotate the trunk and allow it to bend sideways.

UPPER LIMBS

These muscles are frequently used in everyday activities. Commonly found in pairs. (Bicep/Tricep or Flexors/Extensors).

Deltoid- Triangular Shaped muscle that forms the shoulder. Help to abduct the arm (moves arms away from body.)Bicep- The most familiar muscle of the upper arm. Works with the tricep. (bends the arm)Tricep- Located on the backside of the upper arm. Works with the bicep. (straightens the arm)Flexor Carpi- long muscles located on the forearm. (bends the wrist) Flexor Digitorum- located on the forearm. (bends the fingers)

(The flexor carpi and digitorum have opposite muscles that produce the opposite effects, called extensor carpi and extensor digitorum)

LOWER LIMBS

These muscles are vital to locomotion. Also known as the largest and strongest muscles in the human body. Muscles such as the thigh are

extremely powerful due to their constant resistance against gravity.

Gluteus Maximus- Form the majority of flesh in the buttocks. (climbing stairs/jumping)Adductor- Form the mass on the inside of your thighs. (One of the strongest muscles in your body)Quadriceps- On top of the thigh, help to extend the leg and straighten the knee. (kicking a soccer ball)Hamstrings- Work in opposition to the quads, help to flex or bend the knee.Gastrocnemius- Diamond shaped muscle located on the back of the lower leg. (calf)Tibialis Anterior- Runs over the front of the shin. Works in opposition of the gastrocnemius. Inverts and elevates the foot.

Bibliography

• Nagel, Rob Body By Design. Edition One. Detroit, MI, 2000• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_system (Muscular System Overview)• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth_muscle_tissue (Smooth Muscle)• http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/types_of_muscle.php (Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac)• http://

www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1346474/human-muscle-system/271922/Muscles-of-the-head-and-neck (Head/Neck Muscles)

• http://home.comcast.net/~wnor/thoraxmuscles.htm (Thoracic Region)• http://backandneck.about.com/od/anatomyexplained/p/abdominalmuscle.htm

(Abdominal Muscles)• http://www.rad.washington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/muscle-atlas/

(Upper Limb Muscles)• http://anatomy.uams.edu/anatomyhtml/muscles_lowerlimb.html (Lower Limb

Muscles)

LAB ACTIVITY

• Please view the three main types of muscle tissues (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) on slides through the microscopes.