Muscular System

Functional Anatomy

Video

Voluntary – Muscles over which we have conscious control (we can ‘choose’ to move them).

Involuntary – Muscles over which we have no conscious control (run without ‘us’ thinking about them

Classification

Smooth Muscles – These are found in the internal organs such as the Liver, surface of eyes. (do not have conscious control over them)

Cardiac Muscle – This muscle can only be found in the heart, we cannot control it’s function as it is continuously working. This muscle enables blood to be pumped from the heart to the body.

Skeletal Muscles – Found in voluntary muscles eg biceps (have conscious control over them)

3 Types of Muscle

Muscle Belly

Fibre Bundle

Muscle Fibre

Myofibril

Sacromere

How the Muscles Move Muscles are attached to two different bones

by tendons. When the muscle contracts only one bone moves.

The place where the muscle is attached to the stationary bone is called the Origin. The place where the muscle is attached to the moving bone is called the Insertion.Origin

Insertion

How the Muscles MoveTo make a joint move in two directions, you need two muscles that can pull in opposite directions.

•When a muscle contracts causing a movement•Also known as prime mover (main movement)

Agonist

•As the agonist contracts, the other muscle in the pair relaxes and lengthens

Antagonist

How Muscles Move Other examples of muscles working together is seen to the right. Here we have the Quadriceps and Hamstring muscles flexing and extending during training to build the muscle mass.

Bicep curlLifts the weight Movement – Flexion Agonist Antagonist Prime mover

Lowers the weight Agonist Antagonist

What other role does the antagonist muscle play in the lowering of the weight?