Types of muscle and types of contraction

Lloyd Dean

Muscular System

Recap: Let’s do it again!

Team “Oxy” Team “FOG”

Walk around the room until told otherwise

1:1

12 press ups

3:1

I shall pick the music!

Every 10 seconds perform an explosive activity

10:1

Team “Bolt”

SUMMARY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER TYPES

Slow oxidative fibers Fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers

Fast glycolytic fibers

Myoglobin content

Nuclei number

Filament organization

Type of respiration

Speed of contraction

Duration of contraction

Resistance to fatigue

Twitch

Function

SUMMARY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER TYPES

Slow oxidative fibers Fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers

Fast glycolytic fibers

Myoglobin content High High Low

Nuclei number Multi nucleated Multi nucleated Multi nucleated

Filament organization Striated Striated Striated

Type of respiration Aerobic Aerobic and anaerobic Glycolysis

Speed of contraction Slow Fast Fast and strong

Duration of contraction Long Brief Short

Resistance to fatigue High Moderate Low

Twitch Slow twitch Fast twitch Fast twitch

Function Endurance activities e.g., running a marathon

Short periods of intense activity e.g., strength training or throwing a javelin

Activities such as sprinting or walking uch as sprinting or walking

AimsBy the end of the session you should be able to:

Describe the types of muscular contraction

State the terms; agonist, antagonist, fixator, synergist

Apply the first two aims to a table of various exercises

How do muscles contract?

Activity

Complete an exercise of your choice

Try and explain what is happening during the movements!

Antagonistic Pairs

Biceps – Prime mover

Triceps – Antagonistic

This muscle determines the movement of an action –by Contracting

Biceps – Antagonistic

Triceps – Prime Mover

This muscle works with the prime mover but creates an opposing action – by relaxing

Agonist, Antagonists and.......

Synergists FixatorsHelp to steady the

movement

In biceps curl the brachialis helps the action

Assist in stabilising the origin of the agonist to ensure movement occurs

In biceps curl the fixators would

Muscle contraction

Three types

Isometric

Concentric

Eccentric

Isometric Contraction

Muscle stays the same length during Contraction or when the activity is being carried out.

Name a sport/activity where isometric contraction occurs?

Concentric Contraction

This where the muscle shortens when performing an action

Name a sport/activity where Concentric contraction occurs?

Eccentric Contraction

Where the muscle lengthens under tension – ends of the muscle move further away during an action

Name a sport/activity where Eccentric contraction occurs?

Isokinetic ContractionSimilar to isotonic in that the muscle changes

length during the contraction

Isokinetic contractions produce movements of a constant speed (Specialist equipment needed to measure this)

Examples of using isokinetic contractions in day-to-day and sporting activities are rare. The best is breast stroke in swimming, where the water provides a constant, even resistance to the movement of adduction.

Time to practice…….

Type of physical activity

Agonist Antagonist Synergists 

FixatorType of

contraction

Press Up (Upward phase) 

     

 

 

 

Press Up (Downward

phased)

         

 

Lunge (Downward phase)

         

 

Lunge (Upward Phase)

         

 

You

         

 

You

 

M2 = Explain

       

 

You

 

D2 = AnalyseHow could you

analyse this table? 

What would happen if Usain Bolt did not use fixators or synergists? 

   

How do muscles contract?

Articulate!

Articulate!

Articulate!

Articulate!