muscular and skeletal system powerpoint #2 unit 8 – chapters 35/36 working together to create...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Muscular and Skeletal SystemPowerpoint #2
Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36
Working together to create movement
![Page 2: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Skeletal System
Structures: Bones CartilageLigaments Tendons
![Page 4: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Skeletal SystemFunction:
Supports bodyProtects internal organsAllows for movementStores mineral reservesProvides a site for blood cell formation
![Page 5: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
How many bones in a human Skeleton?– 206
How many in babies?~ 300
What are bones?– A solid network of living cells
and protein fibers that are surrounded by deposits of calcium salts
![Page 6: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Bones: 3 PartsSpongy bone–Not soft or spongy–Very strong–Structure
resembles the supporting structure of bridges.
–Strong but lightweight
![Page 7: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Compact bone:–Very dense (no
spaces like spongy bone)
– Outer portion of bone
–Contains Haversian canal for veins and arteries to run through
![Page 8: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Haversian Canals
![Page 9: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Bone Marrow:–Soft tissue–Found in bone cavities–Yellow Marrow: fat cells–Red marrow:
makes red blood cells, platelets and most white blood cells~1/2 red marrow turns into yellow in adultsIf severe blood loss, some yellow can turn back to red
![Page 10: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Development of bone:
Cartilage: Tough, elastic, connective tissue– Found in: ears, between bones, larynx,
and other various places.
![Page 12: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Development of Bonehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=78RBpWSOl08
Ossification: cartilage replaced by bone
– Osteoblasts:cells that build bone
– Osteoclasts:cells that break down bone– growth Plates: found in most long bones
(leg and arm bones) cartilage continues to grow here until completely replaced by bone during adolescence
![Page 13: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Types of Joints
Ball and socket
![Page 14: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Types of Joints
Hinge
![Page 15: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Types of Joints
Saddle
![Page 16: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Types of Joints
Pivot
![Page 17: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Structure of Joints
Ligaments: Connect Bone to Bone
![Page 18: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
![Page 19: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Structure of Joints
Bursa:
![Page 20: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
![Page 21: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Types of Muscle
The human body is comprised of 324 muscles Muscle makes up 30-35% (in women) and 42-47%
(in men) of body mass.
Three types of muscle:
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
![Page 22: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
A. Skeletal (Striated) Muscle Connects the various parts of the skeleton through one or more
connective tissue tendons During muscle contraction, skeletal muscle shortens and moves
various parts of the skeleton Activated through signals carried to the muscles via nerves
voluntary control Repeated activation of a skeletal muscle can lead to fatigue Can have many nuclei
![Page 23: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Skeletal Muscles work in PAIRSBending or straightening of elbow
requires the coordinated interplay of the biceps and triceps muscles
![Page 24: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
B. Smooth Muscle
Located in the blood vessels, the
respiratory tract, the iris of the eye, the
gastro-intestinal tract
The contractions are slow and uniform
Is fatigue resistant
Activation is involuntary
Has one nucleus
24
![Page 25: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
C. Cardiac Muscle
Has characteristics of both skeletal and smooth
muscle
Functions to provide the contractile activity of
the heart
Is very fatigue resistant
Activation of cardiac muscle is involuntary
(like smooth muscle)
Can have 2 nuclei, usually has 1
25
![Page 26: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
myofibril muscle fiber muscle fiber bundle
Components of skeletal muscle
![Page 27: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Muscle Fibers Cylinder-shaped cells that make up skeletal muscle
Each myofibril is made up of a number of myofilaments
Diameter of fiber (0.05-0.10 mm) Length of fiber (appr. 15 cm)
Each fiber contains contractile machinery and cell organelles
Group of fiber activated via same nerve: motor unit
Each fiber has capillaries that supply nutrients and eliminate
waste
Divided into functional units called sarcomeres
![Page 28: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
High microscope magnification of sarcomeres
within a myofibril
![Page 29: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Muscle Contraction
Organized in series (attached end to end)
Two types of protein myofilaments:
- Actin: thin filament - Myosin: thick filament
Projecting from each myosin are tiny contractile myosin bridges
29
![Page 30: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Muscle Contraction During muscle contraction the
myofilaments myosin and actin slide toward each other and overlap. This shortens the sacromere and the entire muscle. Muscle cells are "shocked" by nerve impulses from motor neurons.
![Page 31: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Muscle ContractionThe filaments slide together because myosin attaches to actin
and pulls on it. Myosin head (H) attaches to actin filament (A), forming a cross bridge.
After the cross bridge is formed the myosin head bends, pulling on the actin filaments and causing them to slide:
Muscle contraction is a little like climbing a rope. The cross bridge cycle is: grab -> pull -> release, repeated over and over
(a) At rest b) Contraction
![Page 32: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Tendons
Connect Muscle to Bone
![Page 34: Muscular and Skeletal System Powerpoint #2 Unit 8 – Chapters 35/36 Working together to create movement](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d1b5503460f949f08bf/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Tendon Ruptures