muscles of the cat review sheet

Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet

1

1.

MUSCLES OF THE CHEST

N Pectoralis major

O clavicle, sternum, costal

cartilages

I intertubercular groove of

the humerus

A Flexes, adducts and

medially rotates arm

(This muscle is superior to Pectoralis

minor)

2.

MUSCLES OF THE CHEST

N Pectoralis minor

O ribs 3,4,5

I coracoid process of

scapula

A Protraction and

depression of scapula

(This muscle is inferior to Pectoralis

major)


2

3. MUSCLES OF THE ARM AND CHEST 5. Pectoralis minor O: ribs 3, 4, 5 I: coracoid process of scapula A: Protraction and depression of scapula 6. Pectoralis major O: Clavicle, sternum, costal cart. I: Intertubercular groove A: Flex, adducts, med rot arm 11. Brachialis (MODEL ONLY) O: distal anterior humerus I: coronoid process of ulna A: Flexes forearm

4.

MUSCLES OF THE ARM

N Deltoid

O clavicle, acromion and scapular spine

I deltoid tuberosity

A Abducts arm

5.

MUSCLES OF THE ARM

N Biceps brachii

O coracoid process,

supraglenoid tubercle

I radial tuberosity

A Flexes elbow, supinates

forearm

What is its antagonist?


3

6.

MUSCLES OF THE ARM

N Brachialis

O distal anterior humerus

I coronoid process of

ulna

A Flexes forearm

7.

MUSCLES OF THE ARM

N Triceps brachii

O Infraglenoid tubercle, posterior humerus

I olecranon process of ulna

A Extends forearm

Model only

What is its

antagonist?


4

8.

MUSCLES OF THE ANTECUBITAL

FOSSA

N Brachioradialis

O lateral supracondylar

ridge

I styloid process of

radius

A Flexes forearm

9.

MUSCLES OF THE ANTECUBITAL

FOSSA

N Pronator Teres

O medial epicondyle

of humerus

I lateral radius

A Pronates and flexes

forearm

10.

EXTENSORS OF THE FOREARM

N Extensor digitorum

O lateral epicondyle of

the humerus

I posterior surfaces of

distal phalanges of

digits 2-5

A Extends fingers and

wrist, abducts fingers


5

11.


N Extensor carpi

radialis

O lateral epicondyle

and supracondylar

ridge of humerus

I Base of 2nd and 3rd

metacarpal

A Extends and abducts

wrist

12.


N Extensor carpi

ulnaris

O lateral epicondyle

of humerus

I 5th metacarpal

A Extends and

adducts wrist


6

13.

FLEXORS OF THE FOREARM

N Palmaris Longus

O medial epicondyle of

humerus

I palmar aponeurosis

A weak flexor of wrist

14.


N Flexor carpi radialis

O medial epicondyle of

humerus

I Base of 2nd & 3rd

metacarpals

(tendon easily seen to

guide

taking pulse of radial

artery)

A Flexes wrist; abducts

hand


7

15.


N Flexor carpi ulnaris

O medial epicondyle

of humerus

I Pisiform, hamate,

and fifth

metacarpal

A flexes wrist,

adducts hand

16.

MUSCLES OF THE HAND Don’t need to know these on the cat, just the human models and the cadaver

N Extensor Pollicis

Longus

A extends thumb

N Extensor Pollicis

Brevis

A extends thumb

N Abductor Pollicis

Longus

A extends and

abducts thumb

1

2

3


8

17.

RETINACULUM:

These are not muscles. They are

connective tissue sheaths.

N Flexor retinaculum

N Extensor retinaculum

18.

MUSCLES OF THE BACK

N Supraspinatus

O supraspinous fossa

I greater tubercle of

the humerus

A Abducts and

stabilizes humerus

This is one of the

Rotator Cuff Muscles


9

19.

MUSCLES OF THE BACK

This muscle is deep to Trapezius

N Infraspinatus

O infraspinous fossa

I greater tubercle of

the humerus

A Lateral rotation of

humerus

20.

MUSCLES OF THE BACK

N Subscapularis

O subscapular fossa

I lesser tubercle of humerus

A medial rotation of

humerus, stabilizes

shoulder joint

What muscle is deep to

here?

What muscle is on the

inferior surface of the

scapula, under here?

This is one of the


This is one of

the Rotator

Cuff Muscles


10

21.

MUSCLES OF THE BACK

8. Supraspinatus

9. Trapezius

22.

MUSCLES OF THE ROTATOR CUFF

A. Supraspinatus B. Infraspinatus

A

B


11

23.

MUSCLES OF THE ROTATOR CUFF

c. Subscapularis d. Teres minor

e.

MUSCLES OF THE BACK

1.

N

Teres Major

O Posterior surface

of inferior angle of

scapula

I Intertubercular

groove

A extends, adducts

and medially

rotates arm

D

C

1

Human

model only

Human model only

Synergist to Latissimus

dorsi


12

2.

N

Teres Minor

O lateral border

of scapula

I greater

tubercle of

humerus

A Lateral rotation

of humerus

f.

MUSCLES OF THE BACK

N Rhomboids (major

and minor)

O spinous process of C7-

T5

I medial border of

scapula

A Stabilize scapula

Human

models only

Synergist to

infraspinatus

2N-This is one of the


2


13

g.

MUSCLES OF THE BACK

Rhomboids

h.

MUSCLES OF THE BACK

N Trapezius

O Occipital bone, spines

of C7 and all Thoracic

vertebrae

I spine and acromion of

scapula, lateral

clavicle

A rotates, elevates,

extends, and retracts

scapula;

secondary action:

extends head


14

i.

MUSCLES OF THE BACK

N Latissimus dorsi

O lower 6 thoracic

vertebrae, lumbar

vertebrae, iliac crest

I intertubercular

groove of humerus

A Extends, adducts and

medially rotates arm

j.

MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN

AND RIBS

N Linea alba: not a muscle, it is just

connective tissue

(This is the line that runs “midline

through the abdomen)

k.

ABDOMEN AND RIBS

N Serratus anterior

O Ribs 1-8

I anterior aspect of

medial (vertebral)

border of scapula

A Protracts and rotates

scapula superiorly and

laterally (“boxer’s

muscle”)


15

l.


AND RIBS

This muscle runs in this pattern \\\\\)

N External oblique

O lower 8 ribs

I linea alba, pubic

crest, iliac crest

A Flexion and rotation

of trunk; lateral

flexion

m.

MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN AND

RIBS

N Internal oblique

O Iliac crest, lumbar

fascia, inguinal

ligament

I lower 4 ribs; linea

alba; pubic crest

A Flexion and rotation of

trunk; lateral flexion

(This muscle runs in this pattern

////////////)


16

n.


RIBS

N Transversus

abdominis

O iliac crest, cartilages of

lower 6 ribs

I linea alba and pubic

crest

A Compresses

abdominal wall

(This muscle runs in this pattern

========)

o.


RIBS

This muscle runs in this pattern

||||||||||)

N Rectus abdominis

O pubic crest and pubic

symphysis

I Costal cartilages of ribs

5-7 and xiphoid process

A Flexes and rotates trunk


17

p.


AND RIBS

This is muscle is antagonist to Internal intercostals)

N External intercostals

A Elevates ribs for

inspiration

q.


RIBS

(This is muscle is antagonist to

External intercostals)

N Internal intercostals

A Depresses ribs for forced

expiration




18

r.


RIBS

N Diaphragm

(innervated by

phrenic nerve)

O cartilages of

lowest ribs,

lumbar vertebrae

I central tendon

A Prime mover for

respiration

Result

of

contraction

the diaphragm

moves inferiorly,

thoracic cavity

volume expands,

inhalation

Human

model only

1

2

1. Internal

intercostals

2. External

intercostals


19

s.

PELVIC GIRDLE

N Gluteus maximus

O ilium, sacrum, coccyx

I gluteal tuberosity of

femur

A Major extensor of thigh

t.

PELVIC GIRDLE

1. Gluteus maximus

2. N Gluteus medius

O ilium

I greater trochanter of

the femur

A Abducts, medially

rotates thigh

(This is muscle is deep to Gluteus Maximus in a human, but superior to it in a cat)

1 2 3


20

u.

PELVIC GIRDLE

1. Gluteus maximus 2. Gluteus medius

3. N Tensor fasciae latae

O iliac crest and

anterior superior iliac

spine

I iliotibial tract

A Steadies trunk on

thigh

v.

PELVIC GIRDLE

1. N Psoas major

O lumbar vertebrae

I lesser trochanter of

femur

A Flexion of thigh and

trunk

3

2 1

1

2

Human

model only


21

w.

PELVIC GIRDLE

2. N Iliacus

O Iliac fossa

I lesser

trochanter

of the

femur

A Prime

mover in

thigh

flexion

and in

flexing

trunk

x.

FLEXORS OF THE THIGH

(QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE

GROUP)

N Rectus femoris

O anterior inferior iliac

spine

I patella and tibial

tuberosity

A Extends knee and

flexes thigh

1

2

Human

model only


22

y.



GROUP)

(This is muscle is deep and medial to

Rectus femoris)

N Vastus medialis

O linea aspera

I patella and tibial

tuberosity

A Extends knee

z.



GROUP)

N Vastus lateralis

O Greater trochanter

I patella and tibial tuberosity

A Extends knee

(This is muscle is deep and lateral to

Rectus femoris)

What’s this?


23

aa.



GROUP)

N Vastus intermedius

O proximal femur

I patella and tibial tuberosity

A Extends knee

(This is muscle is deep to Rectus

femoris, directly underneath it)

bb.

EXTENSORS OF THE THIGH

(HAMSTRINGS MUSCLE GROUP)

N Biceps femoris

O ischial tuberosity

I fibula and tibia

A Extends thigh, flexes knee

(This is muscle is on the anterior,

lateral side of the thigh)


24

cc.



N Semimembranosus


I medial condyle of tibia

A Flexes knee and extends thigh

(This is muscle is on the posterior,

medial side of the thigh, deep

to Semitendinosus)

dd.



N Semitendinosus


I medial aspect of proximal tibia

A Extends thigh, flexes knee

(This is muscle is on the posterior,

medial side of the thigh,

superior to

semimembranosus


25

ee.

ADDUCTORS AND ABDUCTORS OF

THE THIGH

N Sartorius

O anterior superior iliac spine

I tibia

A Flexes, abducts and laterally

rotates thigh; flexes knee

(This is muscle is longest muscle in

the body)

ff.


THE THIGH

N Pectineus

O pubis

I posterior femur

A Flexes, adducts, and

medially rotates thigh

(This is muscle touches the blood vessels in groin)


26

gg.


THE THIGH

N Gracilis

O pubis

I medial tibia

A flexes knee, adducts and


hh.

ADDUCTORS AND ABDUCTORS

OF THE THIGH

N Adductor longus

O pubis near pubic

symphysis

I linea aspera

A Adducts, flexes and


(This is muscle is on the medial side

of Pectineus)


27

ii.


THE THIGH

N Adductor magnus

(= "adductor femoris"

in cats)

O ischium and pubis

I linea aspera of femur

A Adducts, flexes and


(This is muscle is on the medial side

of Adductor longus)

jj.


THE THIGH

N Tensor fasciae latae

O iliac crest and anterior

superior iliac spine

I iliotibial tract

A Steadies trunk on thigh


28

kk.

MUSCLES OF THE LEG

1.

N

Gastrocnemius

O medial and lateral condyles of

femur

I posterior calcaneus via

Achilles tendon

A flexes lower leg;

plantarflexes foot

ll.

MUSCLES OF THE LEG

2.

N

Soleus

O head of fibula and

tibia

I posterior calcaneus via

Achilles tendon

A Plantarflexes foot

(This is muscle is deep to

Gastrocenimus)

1 2

1 2


29

mm.

MUSCLES OF THE LEG

N Tibialis anterior

O lateral condyle and tibial

shaft

I First metatarsal and medial

cuneiform

A Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

(This is muscle is the anterior, lateral

side of the tibia)

nn.

MUSCLES OF THE LEG

N Peroneus (fibularis) longus

O head of fibula

I First metatarsal and medial

cuneiform

A Plantarflexion and foot

eversion

(This is muscle is on lateral side of

the leg)




30

oo.

MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR NECK

(This is muscle forms a “V”)

N Digastric “two bellies”

O Mandible and mastoid

process

I hyoid bone

A Opens mouth and

depresses mandible

pp.


N Mylohyoid

O Mandible

I Hyoid

A Elevates hyoid


31

qq.


N Sternocleidomastoid

O manubrium and clavicle

I mastoid process

A Singly, rotates head to

opposite shoulder; together,

flexes head

rr.


N Sternohyoid

O manubrium and clavicle

I hyoid bone

A Depresses hyoid and larynx


32

ss.


N Sternothyroid

O manubrium

I thyroid cartilage

A Depresses thyroid cartilage

tt.


N Thyrohyoid

O thyroid cartilage

I hyoid

A Depresses hyoid or elevates

larynx

uu.

A. Thyrohyoid B. Sternothyroid

A

B


33

vv.

MUSCLES OF THE EYE

N Superior rectus

A Adducts and elevates eye

ww.

MUSCLES OF THE EYE

N Inferior rectus

A Adducts and depresses eye

xx.

MUSCLES OF THE EYE

N Medial rectus

A Adducts eye


34

yy.

MUSCLES OF THE EYE

N Lateral rectus

A Abducts eye

zz.

MUSCLES OF THE EYE

N Superior oblique

A Abducts and depresses eye

aaa.

MUSCLES OF THE EYE

N Inferior oblique

A Abducts and elevates eye


35

bbb.

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

N Epicranius

A raises eyebrows and

pulls scalp posteriorly

ccc.


N Levator labii superioris

A Raises upper lip


36

ddd.


N Zygomaticus

A raises corners of mouth,

smiling muscle

eee.


N Orbicularis oculi

A Closes eye

fff.


N Orbicularis oris

A Closes and puckers

lips; kissing/whistling

muscle


37

ggg.

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

N Buccinator

A Compresses cheek (for

whistling and sucking)

hhh.


N Masseter

O zygomatic arch

I angle and ramus of mandible

A Elevates mandible


38

iii.


N Temporalis

A Closes jaw

jjj.

HISTOLOGY OF MUSCLES

1. Skeletal muscle: moves the skeleton

2. Smooth muscle: Found in organs 3. Cardiac muscle: has intercalated

discs

1 2 3


39

Sarcomere Model

Sarcomere (S),

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR),

Tubules (T),

Nerve (N).

S

SR

T

N

S

SR

T

N

muscles of the cat review sheet

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