muscles of mastication 2 / orthodontic courses by indian dental academy
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Muscles Of MasticationMuscles Of Mastication INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education www.indiandentalacademy.com
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IntroductionIntroduction
Muscles of mastication develop from the mesoderm of the first pharyngeal arch.
They are innervated by the Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.
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DescriptionDescription They are functionally classified as:– Jaw elevators:
• Masseter• Temporalis• Medial pterygoid• Upper head of lateral pterygoid
– Jaw depressors• Lower head of lateral pterygoid• Anterior digastric• Geniohyoid• Mylohyoid
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Other related Muscles.Other related Muscles.
Orbicularis oris anterior oral seal
Buccinator and Tounge Help to
keep the bolus of food on the occ. Surface of teeth
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MasseterMasseterIt has 3 layers: Superficial layer:
– Origin: lower border of the zyg.arch(ant 2/3)– Insertion: lateral surface of the ramus
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Masseter - Cont.Masseter - Cont.
Middle layer:– Origin: Medial surface of the anterior 2/3
Lower border of the posterior 1/3 of zyg arch.
– Insertion: lateral surface of the ramus
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Masseter - Cont.Masseter - Cont.
Deep layer:– Origin: Medial surface of zygomatic arch– Insretion: upper part of the ramus
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MasseterMasseterAction: – Elevation (deep fibers)– Protraction (superficial fibers)
Nerve supply:– Anterior division of mandibular nerve
(masseteric nerve)Blood supply:– Transverse facial artery
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TemporalisTemporalis
Has 2 heads: – Deep head (anterior, middle and
posterioe fibers)– Superficial head (much smaller)
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TemporalisTemporalis Origin: Temporal fossa, Temporal fascia
– In an area bound by the inferior temporal line above and the infra temporal crest below
Insertion: – Cronoid process in its medial aspect (apex, anterior and
posterior border) – Anterior border of the ramus.
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TemporalisTemporalisAction:– Elevation (anterior fibers)– Protraction (posterioe fibers)
Nerve supply:– Anterior division of the mandibular
nerve (2 deep temporal nerves)
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Lateral PterygoidLateral Pterygoid Has 2 heads: Upper head:
– Origin: infratemporal surface & crest of the greater wing of sphenoid– Insertion: enters the TMJ & inserted into: a) ptrygoid fovea of the neck of the mandible b) articular disc c) capsule of TMJ (anterior aspect)
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Lateral pterygoid cont.Lateral pterygoid cont.
Lower head:– Origin: Lateral surface of the lateral
pterygoid plate– Insertion: as upper head
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Lateral Pterygoid cont.Lateral Pterygoid cont. Action: 1. Both muscles produce
depression of the mandible.2. Lat. & Med pterygoid on 1 side
protrude the mandible to the opposite side.
3. Lat & Med pterygoid on the 2 sides cause side to side movement
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Lateral ptrygoid cont.Lateral ptrygoid cont. Nerve supply: Anterior division of mandibular
nerve (nerve to lateral pterygoid)
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Medial pterygoidMedial pterygoid
Has 2 headsSuperficial head:– Origin: a) maxillary tuberosity b) neighboring part of palatine
bone._ Insertion: Medial surface of the angle &
ramus below the mandibular foramen.
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Medial Pterygoid (sup. head)Medial Pterygoid (sup. head)
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Medial pterygoid cont.Medial pterygoid cont. Deep head:– Origin: Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid
plate.– Insertion: as upper head.
Action: 1) both muscles elevate the mandible.
2 & 3 as in lateral pterygoid. Nerve supply: Trunk of the mandibular
nerve (nerve to medial pterygoid muscle)
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Medial Pterygoid (deep head)Medial Pterygoid (deep head)
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