Gamze Tekin

*An Introduction to United Nations

Main Organs of UN*General Assembly*Security Council*Economic and Social Council*Trusteeship Council*International Court of Justice(ICJ)*Secretariat

*General Assembly

*The United Nations General Assembly is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation. Its powers are to oversee the budget of the United Nations, appoint the non-permanent members to the Security Council, receive reports from other parts of the United Nations and make recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions.

*General Assemblies

*GA1-Disarmament and International Security (DISEC)*GA2-Economic and Financial (ECOFIN)*GA3-: Social, Cultural, and Humanitarian

(SOCHUM)*GA4-Special Political and Decolonisation

(SPECPOL)*GA5-Administrative and Budgetary*GA6-Legal

*Security Council

* The Security Council has primary responsibility, under the UN Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security. It has 15 Members(5 permanent and 10 non-permanent members). Each Member has one vote. * The Security Council takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression. * In some cases, the Security Council can resort to imposing sanctions or even authorize the use of force to maintain or restore international peace and security. * The Security Council has a Presidency, which rotates, and changes, every month.

*Current Members

*Permanent Members: UK, USA, China, France, Russian Federation

*Non-permanent Members: Chad, Angola, Chile, Spain, Jordan, Lithuania, Malaysia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Venezuela

*Note: Non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly

*Official Languages of UN

*Arabic *Chinese* English *French* Russian* Spanish

*How does a new state obtain a UN membership?

* 1) Any State which desires to become a Member of the United Nations will submit an application to the Secretary-General

* 2) The Secretary-General will send a copy of the application to the General Assembly

* 3) The General Assembly will consider whether the applicant is a peace-loving State and is able and willing to carry out the obligations contained in the Charter and will decide, by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting

* 4) The Secretary-General will inform the applicant State of the decision of the General Assembly. If the application is approved, membership will become effective.

*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QoIafzc0k74v

United Nations Millennium Development Goals

Established September 2000 Achieved by 2015

Millennium Development Goals 2000

Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

Targets Halve the proportion of people living on less than $1 a day Achieve Decent Employment for Women, Men, and Young

People Halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education

Target By 2015, all children can complete a full course of primary

schooling, girls and boys

Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women

Target Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary

education preferably by 2005, and at all levels by 2015

Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality Rate

Target Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-

five mortality rate

Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health

Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health

Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Other Diseases

Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it

Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability

Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs; reverse loss of environmental resources

Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss

Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum-dweller

Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development

Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system

Address the Special Needs of the Least Developed Countries (LDC)

Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing States

Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term

In co-operation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable, essential drugs in developing countries

In co-operation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications

Progress of MDGs

Uneven progress between countries in the world China and India making steady progress Sub-Saharan African countries are at major risk of not

meeting 2015 deadline Global uncertainties of the Global Financial Crisis and

Climate Change are major challenges to reaching goals

Videos: MDGs

Intro: UNMDG http:/http://www.youtube.com/http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=0JnIJypPL-Q&feature=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0JnIJypPL-Q&feature=player_embedded

Good:UN Millennium Declaration http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vddX4n30sXY&feature=fvw

Progress Report: MDGs today http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-

9n1xgH0RtY&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umN-

3HUFpwc&feature=related

Map Data Online: MDGs

http://devdata.worldbank.org/atlas-mdg/