multivitamin dissolution in a vinegar bath brooke coffey undergraduate student of biology tennessee...
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Multivitamin Dissolution In a Vinegar Bath
Brooke CoffeyUndergraduate Student of Biology
Tennessee Technological UniversityCookeville, TN 38505
20 November 2006
Introduction
American dietary trend is progressively diverging from proper nutrition.Today’s RDA values date back to 1968 (Smith 2005)
B12 and Folic Acid U.S. & Canada Fortify Foods (Oakley 2004) Homocysteine reduction (Wald 2002)
Vitamin C (Shapiro et al. 1983)Vitamin D (Johnson and Kimlin 2006)
Introduction
Vitamin E In vascular disease (Brown and Crowley 2005) Deficiency symptoms (Higdon 2004)
Vitamin K (Environmental Nutrition 2006) In blood clotting bone development
Introduction
Many people rely on the multivitamin to provide micronutrients The vitamin may not disintegrate in the stomach Intestinal absorption is beyond the scope of this
experiment.
Hypothesis – multivitamin mass is directly proportional to disintegration time. Null Hypothesis– mass is not directly proportional to
disintegration time.
Methods and Materials
ConsumerLabs home test modified method 125mL portion vinegar 125mL portion of distilled
water Three brands of
multivitamin Erlenmeyer flask with
stopper, and thermometer. Heating Mantle Stopwatch
Table 1
Multivitamin Brand Trial specifications
Mass (g.) Dissolution Time (M:S)
Centrum 50ct. Multivitamin
36 oC Vinegar 1.498 2:32
36oC Water 1.512 2:35
Room temp Vinegar 1.500 2:41
Equate Mature Multivitamin
36 oC Vinegar 1.562 4:57
36oC Water 1.513 5:02
Room temp Vinegar 1.489 5:04
OneSource Original Multivitamin
36 oC Vinegar 1.492 20:00
36oC Water 1.516 20:00
Room temp Vinegar 1.499 20:00
Figure 1
Figure 1 comparing multivitamin mass against disintegration time in seconds
Multivitamin Disintegration
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Centrum Equate OneSource
Multivitamin Brands
Dis
inte
gra
tio
n [
s]
Warm Vinegar
Warm Water
Room Temp. Vinegar
Results
Multivitamin disintegration times were not correlated in any way with mass. All pellets weighed in within .05g of 1.5g Pellets of the same type took a similar time per
environment. Pellets of different types took vastly different
times to disintegrate.
Summary & Conclusions
Centrum and Equate both dissolve in under 400 seconds.
OneSource takes more than 1200 seconds.
Neither pH nor heat affected the disintegration time for a brand.
Conclusion
Multivitamin mass is not directly proportional to disintegration time.
Further testing is needed to determine the significance of continuous stabilized motion as force acting in disintegration.
Additional research is needed covering the contributions of ingredient quantities, and pellet coating or compaction methods to multivitamin pellet disintegration.
Literature Cited
Brown GB, Crowley J. 2005. Is there any hope for vitamin E? JAMA 293:1387-90.
ConsumerLabs.com. 2006. ConsumerLab.com "Home Test" for Disintegration. http://www.consumerlab.com/results/hometest.asp
Higdon, Jane Ph.D. 2004. Linus Pauling Institute. Oregon State Universityhttp://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/vitaminE/
Johnson, Mary Ann PhD., and Kimlin, Michael G. PhD. 2006. Vitamin D, Ageing, and the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Nutrition Reviews 64:410-421.
McKee, Courtney H. 2005. The Effect of Pill Type on Disintegration Rate and Process. California State Science Fair. Project S0515. http://www.usc.edu/CSSF/History/2005/Projects
Oakley, Godfrey P. Jr. MD. 2004. Oral Synthetic Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Supplements Work – If One Consumes Them. Nutrition Reviews 62:22-26.
Shapiro, Leona R., Samuels, Sarah., Breslow, Lester., and Camacho, Terry. 1983. Patterns of Vitamin C Intake from Food and Supplements. AJPH 73:773-778
Smith, Susan Male M.A. 2005. Vitamins, Minerals, and Multis: EN Tests Your Suppliment IQ. Environmental Nutrition 28:5-6
2006. What’s So Special About Vitamin K? Bone Builder, Arthritis Aid. Environmental Nutrition p.7.