multiple allelic traits - cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com€¦ · sex-linked traits human’s have 23 pairs...
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![Page 1: Multiple Allelic Traits - cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com€¦ · Sex-Linked Traits Human’s have 23 pairs of chromosomes…46. Pair number 23 determines the sex of the person. XX=girl…XY=boy](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060608/605fd8a3d978d53ca165250f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Multi-Allelic Traits
1. Blood Type
iA, iB, iAB, & iO
2. Skin Color
3. Eye Color
4. Hair Color
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Mitosis v Meiosis
aka…Battle of the -Osis-es
Mitosis
1. Asexual
2. Body cells (occurs in all organisms)
3. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
4. Results in two daughter cells.
5. New cells have normal number of
chromosomes (2N-diploid)
6. New cells fully functional.
Meiosis
1. Sexual
2. Gametes (animals and plants)
3. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase…twice!
4. Results in four daughter cells.
5. New cells w/ ½ normal number of
chromosomes (N-haploid).
6. New cells need to combine with another gamete before
they’re fully functional.
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Sex-Linked Traits
Human’s have 23 pairs of chromosomes…46.
Pair number 23 determines the sex of the
person. XX=girl…XY=boy.
These are traits that are only on one of the sex
chromosomes in the 23rd pair (the X or Y).
Many traits and disorders are recessive. This
means that if a female gets the recessive trait on
one X chromosome…she has a chance to get
the dominant allele on the other X chromosome,
which cancels it out. If you’re a guy and it’s on
your X…you got it! Period! Sorry guys.
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Examples of Sex-Linked Traits
Colorblindness
a problem with the color-sensing cones in the retina of the eye.
You can’t see certain colors
Red/Green-most common
Blue Yellow
Achromatopsia-see greys only
Hemophilia
Blood lacks clotting
factor, most of which
are produced in the
liver.
Type A and
B…different factors
are missing.
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Genetic Disorders 1. Down Syndrome: aka Trisomy 21.
Caused by an extra chromosome (or part
of one) at the 21st pair.
• Chromosomes do not properly separate
during meiosis (nondisjunction).
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1. Kleinfelter’s Syndrome:
XXY syndrome. Also from meiotic
nondisjunction.
2. Turner’s Syndrome: females missing one
x chromosome.
3. Sickle-Cell Anemia: mutation of a single
nucleotide. There’s a GTG where a
GAG should be. That’s it…one little
change. It’s on the short part of
chromosome 11…in case you’re lookin’.
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Cystic Fibrosis
Autosomal Recessive (that means NOT on a sex chromosome).
On the #7 chromosome.
Prevents proper formation of a protein that is involved in lung and digestive system function.
Mucous builds up and this creates an environment where bacteria thrive.
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Pedigrees
Try to Create this one based upon
the following case study
Jim and Cindi have three kids: 1 boy and 2 girls.
Girl #1 appears healthy.
Girl #2 and Boy have empty-head syndrome (a recessive trait ee).
Cindi’s dad has EHS but Cindi does not.
Jim and his parents don’t have symptoms.
Jim’s grandfather on his mom’s side had EHS.