multimodal mri analysis of white matter degeneration

Multimodal MRI Analysis of White Matter Degeneration

Wang Zhan, Ph.D.Tel: 415-221-4810x2454, Email:

[email protected] for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases

UCSF / Radiology / VA Medical Center01/08/2007

Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

mailto:[email protected]

Technical Issues for Multimodal Analysis

• Different image resolutions

• Different geometric distortions

• Different imaging mechanisms (contrasts)

• Different signal variations

• Different signal linearity

• Different noise levels

• Different noise distributions

MRI Modalities on WM Degeneration • Traditional Imaging: (FLAIR, T2W, T1W, PD)AgingMultiple sclerosis Dementia (AD/MCI/FTD/SIVD)DepressionSchizophreniaBipolar disorderCeliac disease HypertensionDiabetesStrokeAIDSCancerBrain injury

• Diffusion Tensor Imaging:(FA, MD, Tractography)AgingMultiple sclerosisDementia (AD/MCI/FTD/SIVD)DepressionSchizophrenia Bipolar disorderCeliac disease

StrokeAIDSCancerBrain injury


Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR)

Parameters at 4T: TR = 6000 (ms) TE = 355 (ms) TI = 2030 (ms)

0 11 2exp / 1 exp / 1 exp / 2MI M TI T TR T TE T H

Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. ZhanRef: http://www.mr-tip.com/serv1.php

E. Mark Haacke, et al., “Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Physical Principles and Sequence Design”, 1999, Springer Verlag

Zhi-Pei Liang, Paul C. Lauterbur, “Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Signal Processing Perspective”, 2004, IEEE

Traditional MRI Contrasts

FLAIR T1W

T2W PD

CSF

Gray Matter

White Matter

WM Lesion

Krishnan et al., 2005, Duke Silvio Conte Center Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. Zhan

Diffusion in 3-D: Homogeneous Medium

X

YZ

Water in a Homogeneous Medium Water Motion Diffusion ‘Sphere’

Diffusion in 3-D: White Matter

X

YZ

Water in an Oriented Tissue

Water MotionDiffusion ‘Ellipse’

Diffusion Tensor Imaging

FA MD

B0 FA

2 2 2

1 2 3

2 2 21 2 3

3

2

MD MD MDFA

1 2 3

3MD

Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. ZhanWMH

FLAIR

Group Analysis of Correlations (DTI ↔ FLAIR)


Mean DTI Mean WML

,

i ii

i i j

DTI DTI FLAIR FLAIRCorr DTI FLAIR

Var DTI Var FLAIR

DTI

S1S2

S3

Sn

Correlations (DTI ↔WML Volume)

cba

FA↔WML MD↔WML MD↔WML

Mean FA Mean FA WMH

Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. ZhanSubjects: N=47 (F=26), Age=77±6, MMSE=27.3±3.3, WML=11±16 (ml)

Effects of Image Misregistration?

Correlation / WML DTI / T1 Template

?

EPI Read Out

Ph

ase

En

cod

ing


Modeling for WM Degeneration

Normal WM

Lesion Progression

Pure CSF

DTI

(FA/MD)

FLAIR

(WMH)

MPRAGE

(T1 Dark)

T2W

(WMH)

1H Dens

(WMH)


Two-Compartment Model of Relaxation

1/ (1 ) / /eff WM CSFT f T f T

CSF

WM

Relaxation Times:

Lesion Progression: f = 0 ~ 1


(T1/T2)

(T1/T2)

Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR)Parameters at 4T: TR = 6000 (ms) TE = 355 (ms) TI = 2030 (ms)

0 11 2exp / 1 exp / 1 exp / 2MI M TI T TR T TE T H

WMH


Multimodal Contrasts for WML Progression

Noise-Free Noise-Contaminated


Two-Compartment Model of Diffusion

CSF

WM

Lesion Progression: f = 0 ~ 1


(DWM)

0 (1 )exp expWM CSFS S f b f b D D Slow exchange:

(DCSF)

0 exp (1 ) WM CSFS S b f f D D Fast exchange:

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (Slow-Exchange)

SNR = 80

Noise free


Diffusion Tensor Imaging (Fast-Exchange)

SNR = 80

Noise free


DTI (FA) ↔ WML (FLAIR) Correlations

SNR= 80, b = 1000 s/mm2


DTI (MD) ↔ WML (FLAIR) Correlations

SNR= 80, b = 1000 s/mm2


DTI (FA) ↔ T1 Dark (MPARGE) Correlations

SNR= 80, b = 1000 s/mm2


FLAIR Phantom Simulations (N=20)


Correlations (DTI ↔WML Volume)

cba

FA↔WML MD↔WML MD↔WML

Mean FA Mean FA WMH

Medical Imaging Informatics, 2008 --- W. ZhanSubjects: N=47 (F=26), Age=77±6, MMSE=27.3±3.3, WML=11±16 (ml)

Summaries•Multimodal MRI analysis with both FLAIR and DTI may provide extra information for characterizing WM degeneration process, which may not be captured by using either of them of alone.

•Special technical issues should addressed properly for multimodal analysis, including image registration, signal nonlinearity, and noise effects, etc.

•In traditional modalities, FLAIR shows a significant signal nonlinearity to the WM degeneration. FLAIR signal reaches its maximum around lesion severity of 0.7.

•In DTI modalities, signal sensitivity and nonlinearity depend on the b value of diffusion weighting and the water exchange rate of issue compartments. Moreover, image noises may have heterogeneous effects on different DTI indices and lesion severities.

•The correlations between FLAIR and DTI may change signs when come across the minimum magnitude of correlation at the maximum WML intensity.

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Literatures

multimodal mri analysis of white matter degeneration

Health & Medicine

hg medical imaging informatics

flair signal

zhan wmh

dti modalities

zhan dwm

different dti indices

wm csft f t f t

md md md fa